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Hexavalent Chromium Safety. General Industry. Image Credit: NASA. Session Objectives. Identify the hazards of hexavalent chromium Implement control measures that limit exposure Understand medical surveillance procedures Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. You will be able to:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Session Objectives
Identify the hazards of hexavalent chromiumImplement control measures that limit exposureUnderstand medical surveillance proceduresWear appropriate personal protective equipment
You will be able to:
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
What Is Hexavalent Chromium?• Chromium with a valence state of +6• Scientific abbreviation is Cr(VI)• Very toxic, strong
oxidizing agent• Man-made form of
chromium metal• Anticorrosive
• High temperatures convert chromium to Cr(VI)
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Sources of Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium• Hexavalent chromium is mostly used in:
• Plating• Metal cleaning • Metal passivating
• As a corrosion inhibitor, it is used in liquid dip or specific paints
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Common Operations with Potential for Exposure• Spraying
• Application with a spray gun
• Plating, coloring, passivating, or metal cleaning• Acid solution
generates gases• Welding and cutting
• Vaporizes chrome-containing metal
• Intense heat converts inert chromium to toxic form
Image Credit: NASA
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
How Cr(VI) Enters Your Body• Inhaling particulates,
vapors, fumes• Eye contact with
particulates, liquids, vapors, fumes
• Skin absorption • Ingestion of
particulates, liquids, vapors, fumes
• Injection through cut or puncture
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
How Cr(VI) Affects the Body
• Adverse health effects• Skin irritation or ulceration• Asthma• Eye damage• Kidney and
liver damage
Image Credit: WA Dept of Labor & Industries
• Types of exposure• Dosage• Acute effects• Chronic effects
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Exposure Limits• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
• Safe limit of exposure during 8-hour day• PEL for Cr(VI) is 5 micrograms per cubic meter (5 μg/m3) of air
• Action Level• 2.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2.5 μg/m3) • Triggers requirements for monitoring and medical surveillance
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Monitoring Cr(VI) ExposureDetermine level of exposure• Identify any
overexposures• Collect exposure
data so that proper control methods can be selected
• Evaluate the effectiveness of control methods
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Monitoring Exposure (cont.)
Two ways to monitor and determine exposure• Scheduled monitoring• Performance-oriented monitoring
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Scheduled Monitoring• Below the action level
• Discontinue monitoring• At or above the action
level• Monitor every 6 months
until below action level• Above the PEL
• Monitor every 3 months until below the PEL
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Performance-Oriented Monitoring• No fixed schedule for periodic monitoring• Flexibility for assessing exposure
• Air monitoring data• Historic data
• Combination of air monitoring, historical monitoring, or objective data
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Additional MonitoringWhenever changes result in new or additional exposures:• Production process• Raw materials or equipment• Personnel• Work practices• Control methods• After emergencies and spill cleanup
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Notification of Monitoring Results• Written notification
within 15 business days• Monitoring results• Corrective actions
• You can observe monitoring of Cr(VI)
Image Credit: Washington Dept. of Labor & Industries
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Information Resource: The MSDS• A detailed written
description of a hazardous material
• Describes the risks, precautions, and remedies to exposure
• Must be readily available to you
• Read the MSDS before working with any hazardous material
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
MSDS (cont.)
• Material and manufacturer identity
• Hazardous ingredients and exposure levels (PEL or TLV)
• Physical and chemical properties
• Fire, explosion, and reactivity
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
MSDS (cont.)
Health hazards• Routes of entry• Symptoms of
exposure• First-aid and
emergency information
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MSDS (cont.)
• Spills and leaks• Safe handling
and storage• PPE• Compliance
issues
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Any Questions—Hazards, Monitoring, or MSDSs?Any questions about:• Hexavalent
chromium hazards?• Exposure and
monitoring issues?• MSDSs?
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Average air concentration over an 8-hour period
Detailed description of a hazardous material
Safe limit of exposure during an 8-hour workday
Limit of exposure that triggers monitoring and medical surveillance
Exposure safety guideline established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for the average adult
Permissable Exposure Limit (PEL)
Action Level
Time-Weighted Average (TWA)
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
Exercise—Hazard IdentificationExercise—Hazard Identification—Hazard Identification
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Regulated Areas• Area where exposure
expected to exceed the PEL for Cr(VI)
• Access for authorized personnel only• Designated workers• Designated observers
of monitoring• Regulatory agency
personnel• No food, drink, gum,
smoking, or cosmetics allowed
Image Credit: Washington Dept. of Labor & Industries
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Exposure Control— Engineered• Substitution• Isolation• Ventilation
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Exposure Control—Work Practices• Inspect and maintain control equipment at
prescribed intervals• Do not deviate from procedures that make
maximum use of exposure control equipment
• Schedule and perform housekeeping and cleanup operations when fewest personnel are present
• Wear appropriate PPE when prescribed
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Hygiene Practices• Use change rooms and washing facilities
• Keep PPE separate from street clothes• Remove contaminated clothing in
designated areas only• Always wash exposed body areas
thoroughly• Keep all eating and drinking areas clean• Keep all food, beverages, and hygiene
products out of work areas
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Housekeeping• Keep surfaces free of Cr(VI) deposits• Clean up spills and releases promptly
• Use HEPA-filter vacuuming• Use dry shoveling, sweeping, or brushing where vacuum is ineffective
• Avoid using compressed air to clean• Only use sealable, impermeable, and
labeled bags or containers
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Emergency Procedures• Eyes: Flush with water
for 15 minutes• Skin: Wash with soap
and water; remove contaminated clothing
• Inhalation: Move to fresh air
• Swallowing: Get emergency medical assistance
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Emergency Response to Chromate Spills or Leaks• Evacuate the area
• Notify a supervisor or the emergency response team
• Stay away
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Respiratory Equipment• During installation of
engineering controls• Performing
maintenance or nonroutine tasks
• Emergency response• When other controls
are inadequate• When other controls
are not feasible
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
What PPE Is Required?Goggles or face shield
Gloves
Full body suit or apron
Image credit: OSHA
Head protection
Image Credit: Web Soft Safety Solutions
Foot protection
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
PPE—Removal and Storage• Take off all PPE
when workshift or task is finished
• Do not remove PPE from the workplace except for laundering or disposal
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PPE—Cleaning and Replacement• Do not blow on or
shake PPE• Place contaminated
PPE in sealed bags or closed containers
• Place PPE for laundry in marked bags or containers
• Wash exposed body areas thoroughly
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Questions—Regulated Areas, Exposure Controls, PPE?Any questions about:• Regulated areas?• Engineering controls
or work practices?• Hygiene practices?• Housekeeping?• PPE?
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Medical Surveillance• Required for each employee when:
• Exposed to Cr(VI) at or above the Action Level of 2.5 μg/m3
• Show signs or symptoms of exposure• Exposed during an emergency
• Provided by or under supervision of physician or licensed professional
• No cost to you
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Medical Examinations• Medical and work
history• Physical examination• Additional tests
authorized by physician
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Medical Exam Frequency• Within 30 days after initial work assignment• Annually• When signs of symptoms appear• Within 30 days of an exposure after an
emergency• End of employment
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Medical Opinion• 30 days after exam
• Status of medical conditions related to Cr(VI) exposure
• Recommended limitations for PPE• Statement by physician that employee given results of exam and PPE information
• Information not related to Cr(VI) exposure not revealed to employer
• Provided to you within 2 weeks after medical opinion given
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Medical and Sampling RecordsYou have the right to:• Get any Cr(VI)-related
medical records• Obtain air sampling
or other exposure data
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Questions—Medical Surveillance?Any questions about:• Medical surveillance?• Medical surveillance
and exposure monitoring records?
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Flush eyes with water for 15 minutesKeep surfaces clean of Cr(VI) depositsKeep all food and beverages away from Cr(VI) work areas
Make sure exhaust/ventilation systems are operating
Always wear respirators when prescribed
Housekeeping
Engineering Controls
Work Practices
Emergency Procedures
Hygiene Practices
Exercise—Hazard Identification —Hazard Identification
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0712
Key Points to Remember!Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is very hazardous to health—can be inhaled, swallowed, absorbed through skin and eyesDetermination of exposure made through initial air monitoringNotice given within 15 days if PEL exceededWork and housekeeping practices are for your protectionYou have the right to examine medical records and air sampling results