Herve Barthelemy, Thomas Jordan, Marco Carcassi, Jay ... · PDF file1 Forum Program Group Exhibit Hydrogen + Fuel Cells + Batteries HANNOVER MESSE 2016 26th April 2016 The focal point

26th April 20161 Forum Program Group Exhibit Hydrogen + Fuel Cells + Batteries HANNOVER MESSE 2016

The focal point on integrated research and information for hydrogen safety

Research priorities for hydrogen safety

Herve Barthelemy, Thomas Jordan, Marco Carcassi, Jay Keller

International Association for Hydrogen Safety HySafe


Introduction to HySafe

Development of State-of-the-Art

Current Research Priorities

Content





Content


International Association HySafe

Founded in 2009 as a not-for-profit organization under the

Belgian Law following the EC Network of Excellence HySafe

35 members: public institutions, national labs, universities,

industry and private companies from 14 countries worldwide

Activities organized by 4 Committees for

Conference, Research, Industry Relations, PR & Knowledge

Dissemination


Vision and Mission

HySafe’s Mission:To facilitate the international coordination, development and dissemination of hydrogen safety knowledge by being the focal point for hydrogen safety research, education and training.

HySafe’s Vision:Hydrogen will be introduced as a safeand sustainable energy carrier.


Focal Point for Hydrogen Safety


HySafe Activities and Products

Research Priorities WorkshopPR & Knowledge Dissemination

Berlin 2012

HIAD: Hydrogen

Incident & Accident

Database

State of the Art and Research Priorities in Hydrogen Safety

Short Courses,

Training,

Academic Education

Hydrogen Safety

HandbookWebsite & Newsletter





Content


Purpose of Research Priorities Workshop

Identify those research activities deemed most critical

by invited workshop attendees (~20-30)

Ensure that research priorities are aligned with the needs of the

hydrogen industry

Last HySafe Research Priorities Workshop held

November 10-11, 2014, in Washington, D.C.

Attendees included international members of the academic

community, national laboratories, funding agencies and industry.

Addressing state of the art and gaps in hydrogen behavior

understanding related to hazards, risk and safety

Following the workshop, participants were asked to

prioritize and provide feedback on topics within each

research category by voting


Purpose/Features of the ICHS Conference

Information exchange on State-of-the-Art & Priorities

Focus on “Safety” specific theme, and not another generic

hydrogen conference

Highly active participation (typically > 200, from research,

industry, SDOs, regulators, insurance,…)

Typically ~100 presentations in 3 days in 3 parallel tracks,

grouped in topical blocks

Unique event, providing continuity

International cooperation inside the OC/SC

No profit, sponsors required (low participation fees)

Steady support/endorsement/… by IEA, IPHE RCS,

US DOE, EU FCH JU, ISO TC197, local organisers….


Continuous Development of the

State-of-the-Art

ICHS2017 – Hamburg, Germany

Research PrioritiesWorkshop RPW

Process with 2 years periodicity:

Year 1: Orientation by incremental

update of gaps and priorities via

Research Priorities Workshop

Year 2: Communication

of progress via Inter-

national Conference

on Hydrogen

Safety

ICHS2015 – Yokohama, Japan

ICHS2013 – Brussels, Belgium

ICHS2011 – San Francisco, USA

ICHS2009 – Ajaccio, France

ICHS2007 – San Sebastian, Spain

ICHS2005 – Pisa, Italy

RPW – Berlin, Germany

RPW – Washington, USA

RPW – Petten, Netherlands

PIRT – NoE HySafe

CFD – Petten, Netherlands

PIRT – Update

time





Content


Current State published at ICHS2015

and in Report SAND2016-2644


Research Category PrioritizationNormalized results of research category prioritization:

QRA Tools 23%

Reduced Model Tools 15%

Indoor 13%

Unintended Release-Liquid 11%

Unintended Release-Gas 8%

Storage 8%

Integration Platforms 7%

Hydrogen Safety Training 7%

Materials Compatibility/Sensors 7%

Applications 2%


Quantitative Risk Assessment Tools

(23%)

Priority 1: User-friendly, industry-focused software tools to

enable risk-informed decision making (22%)

Importance of a strong scientific foundation and rigorous

documentation to underpin QRA-based methodologies and tools

intended for use by a broad range of users

Establish credibility for the tools and ensure that station design

criteria adhere to all relevant safety measures and comply with

acceptable risk parameters and station design codes as laid out

in NFPA 2.

Facilitates the communication of risks associated with hydrogen

energy applications to key stakeholders.

http://hyram.sandia.gov.

http://hyram.sandia.gov/


Reduced Model Tools

(15%)

Priority 1: Model of barrier wall effects on flame and

overpressure behavior (22%)

Need for a model of barrier wall effects on flame and over-

pressure behavior.

Barriers provide a simple means for reducing hazards but there

is currently a lack of reduced-order evaluations of flame and

overpressure wall interactions.

Credible data and validated models are critical for QRA of this

mitigation measure.


Indoor

(13%)

Priority 1: Behavior and dispersion of cryogenic jets (24%)

Cryo-compressed storage is becoming increasingly relevant.

There is insufficient understanding of the behavior of cryogenic

hydrogen,

Key impacts include having better, simplified, predictions, as

well as being able to understand a complex technology at an

early stage.


Unintended Release – Liquid

(11%)

Priority 1: Laboratory tests for behavior of liquid hydrogen

releases: pools, spreading, “ice” formation, evaporation and

fires (21%)

Liquid hydrogen can pool and flow along the ground –

behavior which is often required to be included in modeling.

Modeling of interactions with barrier walls and the behavior of

plumes and flames, along with improved representation of the

two-phase cloud and its interaction with atmospheric turbulence

is necessary.

Appropriate tests and data can inform models and the needed

codes and standards.


Unintended Release – Gas

(8%)

Priority 1: Effect of ignition location in gradient mixtures

(22%)

For risk assessment, the location of ignition in inhomogeneous

pre-mixed clouds plays a major role.

Systematic experimental investigation of the pressure evolution

for different ignition locations in the premixed cloud is required

for further understanding.

In studying ignition location, confinement of the premixed clouds

should be varied.


Storage

(8%)Priority 1: Vent sizing and tank protection (22%)

A better thinking behind blowdown times and secondary

phenomena or mitigation techniques supports progress in both

vent sizing and tank protection from a scientific perspective.

Equipment enclosures are being utilized in large numbers in the

deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technology equipment.

Focused research on the following issues could be beneficial: Leak rate, which is a function of hydrogen pressure and what components are

inside the enclosure

Probability of a leak, accounting for scenarios such as normal equipment

degradation, incompatible materials and improper installations

Ventilation required (natural or mechanical) to prevent flammable hydrogen ceiling

layer concentrations from developing

Explosion protection measures other than leak prevention and ventilation

Some secondary consequences need to be moderated.


Integration Platforms

(7%)

Priority 1: Model verification and validation (55%)

Integration platforms are required given that a wider class of

stakeholders other than scientists is increasingly involved in the

deployment of hydrogen infrastructure

Verification and validation efforts can assure the repeatability,

verifiability, and robustness of models and ensure credibility for

prospective users and other relevant stakeholders

This is an important consideration, specifically relating to

documenting the validity range, experimental support,

reproducibility, and clarification of assumptions for models

informing or supporting hydrogen safety measures

http://www.support-cfd.eu/


Hydrogen Safety Training

(7%)

Priority 1: Higher education in hydrogen safety engineering

(17%)

It is vital to the progress of hydrogen safety to implement a "train

the trainer" strategy.

Building comfort with H2 safety systems/understanding is crucial

to market acceptance – if First Responders/AHJs are

comfortable with it, their neighbors are more likely to be

comfortable.

http://www.hyresponse.eu/


Materials Compatibility/Sensors

(7%)

Priority 1: Reliability testing and validation of sensors for

specific applications (22%)

Field experience has shown that some sensors work well in

one environment but may perform poorly in another Manufacturers can validate and even certify to laboratory conditions, but these are not

necessarily mimicking real-world conditions

The development of performance tests targeting real-world

operative conditions is required Typical deployment conditions would include sensors for the FC-vehicle exhaust

(i.e., high temperature gradients, quick response, and hydrogen concentration above 4%

LEL) and sensors in industrial settings where presence of contaminants can be expected

Guidance describing best practice for testing is also essential for

effective use of sensors


Applications

(2%)

Priority 1: Vehicle tank protection (50%)

Improved protection through tank design or safety measures

need to focus on allowing safely optimized blow-down times

The potential for long flames from temperature and pressure

relief devices (TPRDs), pressure-peaking phenomena, and

other secondary consequences need to be appropriately

addressed and mitigated


Summary of Recommendations

The need for user friendly validated QRA tools was clearly

recognized as a critical need for this industry

In support of the QRA tools was also a recognized need for

Reduced (but Validated) Modeling Tools to be used in

understanding hydrogen behavior for unintended releases and

for use in the QRA tool kits

The workshop participants then ranked scenarios where

hydrogen behavior is not well understood

Understanding the behavior of indoor releases ranked first with

13% of the votes but close behind are unintended release

liquid phase with 11% followed again close behind are

unintended release gas phase with 8%


THANK YOU!

…. and all contributors, in particular

DoE, JRC and all HySafe partners ….

Further Interest?

See www.hysafe.info

or contact

[email protected]

http://www.hysafe.info/

Documents

Herve Barthelemy, Thomas Jordan, Marco Carcassi, Jay ... · PDF file1 Forum Program Group Exhibit Hydrogen + Fuel Cells + Batteries HANNOVER MESSE 2016 26th April 2016 The focal point