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HERV-E TCR Transduced Autologous T Cells for patients with clear cell RCC
Rosa Nadal, M.D.Molecular Therapeutic BranchNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Kidney Cancer Research Summit 2019
1998- February1998 April
1 month post transplant
Childs R, et al. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:750-8
Takahashi et al. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1099-1109
(CD3+CD8+:95%, CD3+CD4+:3%)
HLA-A*11:01 positive RCC panel
2019 Follow-up CT scan
Screening of cDNA library by gene expression cloning to identify the transcripts encoding for RCC specific antigen
RCC cell linerecognized by HLA-A11
restricted CTL
cDNA library
Pools of 100 bacterial colonies
Plasmid DNA extractionCo-transfection intoCOS-7-HLA-A11 cells
Amplification of plasmids for 24h
Addition of CTL clone for 24h
Measurement of GM-CSF productionIn supernatant by ELISA
Identification of two transcripts(called CT-RCC-8 and CT-RCC-9)
Takahashi et al. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1099-1109
CT-RCC HERV-E provirus and known transcripts
Cherkasova, E, et al. Cancer Research. 2016. 76:2177-85.
Common RegionCT-RCC -1
SU1 and TM1 env-derived peptides
HLA-A 11:01Phase 1
HLA-A 02:01
Chr 6q
Retrovirus
Germ cell
Reverse transcription and integration into germ cell
genome
gag pol envLTR pro LTR
Mutation accumulationMethylation of promoters
The making of HERVs
Mechanisms of regulation CT-RCC HERV-E expression in ccRCC
Functional pVHL absent in clear cell RCC
HIF2pVHL
HIF2 HIF2
HIF2
HIF2
gag pol envLTR pro LTR6q
HIF2
HERV-Eantigen display
• HERV-E only expressed in ccRCC with absence of functional VHL protein
• HIF-2 alpha level correlates with HERV-E expression
• HIF-2 alpha binds HRE in HERV-E LTRs• Demethylated HERV-E LTRs
CT-RCC HERV-E expression is restricted to the clear cell histology
No CT-RCC HERV-E expression in Normal Tissues
0
500
1000
1500
2000
4500
Co
pie
s r
ela
tiv
e t
o B
-ac
tin
x 1
0^
5
Common region
4000
2500
Clear cell lines Clear cell fresh tumors
Non Clear Cell Kidney Tumors
HERV-E expression
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Ad
ren
al G
lan
d
Bile
Du
ct
Bo
ne
Mar
row
Bro
nch
us
Cer
vix
Co
lon
Du
od
enu
m
Epid
idym
is
Eso
ph
agu
s
Bra
in
Fat
Hea
rtIn
test
ine
(Sm
all)
Intr
acra
nia
l art
ery
Kid
ney
Layr
nx
Live
r
Lun
g
Lym
ph
oN
od
e
PB
L
Mam
mar
y gl
and
Mu
scle
Nas
al M
uco
sa
Op
tic
Ner
ve
CT-
RC
C t
ran
scri
pts
re
lati
ve t
o ß
-act
in x
10
5
SAU
J R
CC
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Ova
ry
Ovi
du
ct
Pan
crea
s
Para
thyr
oid
Peri
card
ium
Pit
uit
ary
Pla
cen
ta
Pro
stat
e
Rec
tum
Saliv
ary
Gla
nd
Sem
inal
Ves
icle
s
Skin
Sple
en
Sto
mac
h
Test
is
Thym
us
Thyr
oid
Ton
sil
Ure
thra
Uri
nar
y B
lad
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Ute
rus
Uvu
la
Vag
ina
Ven
a C
ava
SAU
J R
CC
Cherkasova et al. Oncogene 2011; 30:4697-4706
Clear Cell RCC
HERV-E as a tumor-associated antigen in ccRCC
▪ Regression of metastatic ccRCC after HSCT is associated with recognition of an HERV-E -
antigen by donor T cells without GVHD
▪ Antigens derived from this HERV-E provirus are immunogenic, stimulating cytotoxic T-cells
and killing of ccRCC cells in vitro and in vivo
▪ HERV-E is selectively expressed in most of ccRCC but not in normal tissues
▪ Restricted expression of HERV-E in ccRCC is consequence of VHL gene inactivation
Takahashi, Y et al. J.Clin.Invest. 2008; 118:1099-1109.Cherkasova, E et al. Oncogene. 2011; 30:4697-706.Cherkasova, E et al. Cancer Research. 2016; 76:2177-85HERVs: human endogenous retrovirus; VHL, Von Hippel-Lindau
TCR from a HERV-E Reactive T-Cell Line Cloned into a Retroviral Expression Vector
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Concentration of peptides (nM)
Pro
du
ctio
n o
f IF
Ny
(pg/
ml)
PATWLGSKTWK
ATWLGSKTWK
TWLGSLTWKR
TWLGSKTWKR
Identification of peptide recognized by HERV-E reactive CD8+ T-cells
Cloned Vb7.1 TCR recognizingHERV-E peptide ATWLGSKTWK
RV vector encoding Vb7.1 TCR sequence
T-cells expressing the HERV-E specific TCR Kill RCC tumor cells
Transduction of cancer patient
T-cells
HERV- E TCR Transduced T-cells Recognize and Kill RCC Cells
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
HERVhigh/A11+
HERVhigh/A11-
HERVlow/A11-
HERVlow/A11+
No target
IFN
-y, p
g/m
l
ccRCC cell lines
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 5 10 15 20 25
HERV-E high/HLA-A11+ RCC
HERV-E high/HLA-A11 negRCC
HLA-A11 T cells
Act. HLA-A11 T cells
E:T ratio
% o
f sp
ecif
ic ly
sis
ELISA, IFN gamma Cr release cytotoxicity assay
R. Nadal. ESMO 2018 Congress. Annals of Oncology. 2018; 29 (suppl_8)
Time Procedures and Testing
Day 0Sterility TestingPerform Ficoll PBMCs IsolationActivate 2x109 PBMCs x OKT3, IL-2 and IL-15
Day 2CD4 DepletionTransduction of CD8 cells
Day 6CD34t+ Selection on CliniMACsVector Copy Number Assay and RCR Detection Assay
Day 8 Sterility Testing
Day 10REP Day 0
Rapid Expansion Program (REP)Vector Copy Number Assay and RCR Detection Assay
Day 15REP Day 5
Transfer to WAVEElisaSterility Testing
Day 20REP Day 10
Package and Cryopreserve Infusion ProductSterility testsFull RCR testing
Day 21REP Day 11
Ship Cryopreserved Infusion product to NIH
CD34t expression
RETROVIRAL VECTOR: MMLV
HERV-E TCR gene CD34 truncated Cassette
Clinical-Grade Manufacturing HERV-E transduced T cells
MMLV, Moloney murine leukemia virus.
Post-thaw of clinical-grade TCR transduced CD8+ T-cellsTest Method Acceptance Criteria
Viability at time of Packaging
Trypan Blue Exclusion
> 70%
Total Viable Cell NumberVisual
microscopic count
Minimum Treatment
Dose Cell #
CD34+ FACS analysis >25%
CD8+ FACS analysis >80%
CD8+/CD34+ FACS analysis > 25%
Sterility Testing - Negative
Endotoxin Limulus assay <5 EU/Kg
Vector Copy # PCR-based assay <5 copies/cell
RCR by PCR PCR-based assay Negative
Interferon Gamma Release
ELISA 2X over background
93.4% CD8+
99.0% CD34t+ and tetramer+
A Phase I Study of HERV-E TCR Transduced Autologous T Cells in Patients with
Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
https://clinicaltrials.gov. NCT03354390
Study Design and Key Eligibility Criteria
• Phase I ‘3+3’ design
• End-points:
• Primary: Safety
• Secondary:
• ORR, time to response, duration of response,
PFS and OS
• Immunologic correlates
• Key eligibility criteria:
▪ RCC with clear cell component
▪ HLA-A*11:01 positive
▪ Measurable disease
▪ Age < 70 years old
▪ ECOG PS 0-1
▪ Prior antiangiogenic and immune-checkpoint inhibitors
D 0
C+F F F
D+14 D+21
Tumor
Assessment
D+1 D+7
ApheresisIn vitro Generation
HERV-E TCR T-cells
Cryopreserve Cells at
specified dose
HERV-E TCR transduced T-cells
IL-2
Lymphodeplecting chemotherapy:
C: Cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2/day I.V.
F: Fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day I.V.
IL-2: 2,000,000 IU/m2 I.V. q12h x 14 doses
Investigational Plan
Dose Escalation Plan
Escalation Plan
Dose Level Dose of HERV-E TCR transduced T-cells
Level 1 1 x106 HERV-E TCR transduced CD8+/CD34+ enriched T-cells per kg body weight
Level 2 5 x 106 HERV-E TCR transduced CD8+/CD34+ enriched T-cells per kg body weight
Level 3 1 x 107 HERV-E TCR transduced CD8+/CD34+ enriched T-cells per kg body weight
Level 4 5 x 107 HERV-E TCR transduced CD8+/CD34+ enriched T-cells per kg body weight
✓
1
Challenges and Future
• Establish safety of HERV-E TCR transduced T cells
• Confirm HERV-E as a target for cellular therapy
• Widen the HLA restriction of targets• Identification of new HERV-E derived peptides
• Development of CAR-T cells
▪ Dr. Michael I. NishimuraProfessor of SurgeryVice Chair for Surgery ResearchCancer Immunology Program Leader
▪ Gina ScurtiLab Director, Nishimura Lab
Cardinal Bernardin Cancer CenterStritch School of MedicineLoyola University Chicago
Childs lab:▪ Elena Cherkasova▪ Robert Reger▪ Stefan Barisic▪ Long Cheng▪ George Aue▪ Kristen Wood▪ Tatyana Worthy
Our Collaborators:
▪ Julie Erb-Alvarez▪ Steve Highfill▪ Adriana Byrnes▪ Sasha Morehouse▪ Lisa Cook▪ Brian WellsDr. Richard W. Childs. MD
Assistant United States Surgeon GeneralRear Admiral Commissioned Corps USPHSChief Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy. NHLBI. NIH