HERSCHEL and Galaxies/AGN

“dust and gas”

Peter Barthel

Kapteyn Inst. Groningen,

and Herschel Science Team

THE issues

1. Masses of spheroidal components in galaxies grow with their central black holes

(from Luis Ho)

(SDSS, from Kauffmann et al.)

2. Nuclear accretion and circumnuclear star-formation are astrophysically connected processes

Quasar space density Star formation rate

(Madau & Pozzetti 2000)

log

[dlo

g [d

* * /d

t/d

t // M

M

yryr

-1-1 M

pc M

pc-3-3]]

log

[n(z

) /

n(pe

ak)]

log

[n(z

) /

n(pe

ak)]

3. SFR(z), nQSO(z) and the nature of submm galaxies

Z Z

0

-1

1

2

(SDSS, from Fan et al.)

Furthermore:4. Bulges in place

within a Gyr after the Big Bang

5. Massive BHs accreting processed material

6. Molecular gas ubiquitous

In other words:

star-formation and nuclear activity MUST go hand-in-hand in some way, throughout the history of the Universe

NGC1068

HERSCHEL SPACE OBSERVATORYvs. Galaxies/AGN -

what achievements can we foresee?*

*however, recall that many achievements cannot be foreseen!

So where IRAS opened the dusty and molecular Universe …..

….ISO and Spitzer have subsequently carried out detailed studies

ISO and Spitzer observe(d) processes at MIR/FIR wavelengths, with emphasis on star-formation and other mechanisms affecting dust and gas in galaxies:

MIR/FIR colors, luminosities, temperatures MIR aromatic features MIR/FIR diagnostic lines, cooling lines line/continuum ratios ………..

HERSCHEL will continue where the previous missions stopped

extending -range into submm at much greater sensitivity, higher spatial resolution, and spectral resolution

This will permit studying the MIR/FIR out to extreme redshifts

HST: NGC7742

HERSCHEL will be an SED-machineSED-machine

Note extra-strength FIR, correlating with synchrotron radio

NGC 7742

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

log wavelength (micron)

log

flu

x d

en

sit

y (

mJ

y)

log(S 60 / S20cm) = u =2.03

Note the increasing MIR/FIR effects of star-formation

Spoon (P

hD thesis)

HERSCHEL will adress the symbiosis of MBH accretion activity and star-formation out to high z, using spectroscopic observations, as well as:

(ISO work by Lutz, Genzel & Co.)

… analysis of the global FIR SEDs, taking multicomponent dust models into account

(from Sanders)

Cold, warm and hot dust in the host of Cyg A

(van Bem

mel)

Radio galaxies with, and without recent star-formation (FIR SED!)

HERSCHEL will measure global FIR SEDs out to extreme redshifts, for many classes of objects

Measuring the full dust SED, Herschel will be the ideal tool to investigate (obscuring) dust in distant AGN, radio-loud as well as radio-quiet.

The relative and absolute importance of obscured (Type-2) AGN can be addressed.

Mature, quiescent ellipticals?

HERSCHEL will extend our understanding of the star-formation efficiency in galaxies(together with ALMA!)

CO detected PG QSOs

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

9.00 9.20 9.40 9.60 9.80 10.00

log M(H2)

log

L(F

IR)

PG QSOs (z<0.05) PG 1700+518

The spectroscopic diagnostics will be used, also at high redshift

(from Genzel et al.)

Together with ALMA and radio arrays (incl. LOFAR) the radio-FIR correlation can be employed out to extreme redshifts

(from Condon and Broderick)

Details of the radio-FIR correlation can be investigated

Spitzer: q-distribution

The physics, kinematics and energetics of the star-formation process and relevant radiative transfer processes (incl. cooling) will be studied, employing 1D and 2D spectroscopy.

Template spectra will be obtained, in a variety of objects/conditions

(Spitzer IRAC)

Galaxies in the local Universe will be surveyed, adressing:Dust and gas in BCDsDust in ellipticalsEffects of bars, mergersCluster effectsSFRs: photometric end spectral line mapping ……………….

! The resulting SED and line templates will be used at all redshifts

In summary, Herschel will deal with star and galaxy formation, globally and in detail:

MW, PDRs, GMCs, SSCs, BCDs, Es, LBGs, EROs, DRGs, SMGs, QSOs, RGs, CSSs, ULIRGs, ….., you name it!

We live in exciting times and Herschel is going to make it even more exciting – feel free to join the fun/excitement!