Heroku Postgres SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks

Heroku Postgres

SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks

Craig Kerstiens, Heroku, Growth Hacker

@craigkerstiens

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Craig Kerstiens

Growth Hacker

@craigkerstiens

DISCLAIMER

SQL Ahead

Why Postgres

“ its the emacs of

databases”

Datatypes

smallint bigint

integer

numeric float serial

money char

varchar text

bytea

timestamp

timestamptz date

time timetz

interval boolean

enum

point

line

polygon

box

circle

path

inet

cidr

macaddr tsvector

tsquery

array XML

UUID

Datatypes | Custom Languages | Extensions | NoSQL | Window Functions |

FDW | Etc.

Datatypes CREATE TABLE purchases ( id integer NOT NULL, user_id integer, items decimal(10,2) [100][1],

items[x][0] = item_iditems [x][1] = qty

items [x][2] = price


FDW | Etc.

Datatypes INSERT INTO purchases VALUES (1, 37, '{{15.0, 1.0, 25.0}, {15.0, 1.0, 25.0}}', now()); INSERT INTO purchases VALUES (2, 2, '{{11.0, 1.0, 4.99}}', now());


FDW | Etc.

Datatypes

smallint bigint

integer

numeric float serial

money char

varchar text

bytea

timestamp

timestamptz date

time timetz

interval boolean

enum

point

line

polygon

box

circle

path

inet

cidr

macaddr tsvector

tsquery

array XML

UUID


FDW | Etc.

Languages python

ruby

pgsql

SQL tcl sh

R V8

Java javascript

lolcode

scheme

php

j

lua psm


FDW | Etc.

Languages CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION total(decimal(10,2)[][]) RETURNS decimal(10,2) AS $$DECLARE s decimal(10,2) := 0; x decimal[];BEGIN FOREACH x SLICE 1 IN ARRAY $1 LOOP s := s + (x[2] * x[3]); END LOOP; RETURN s;END;$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;


FDW | Etc.

Languages FOREACH x SLICE 1 IN ARRAY $1 LOOP s := s + (x[2] * x[3]); END LOOP; RETURN s;


FDW | Etc.

Extensions dblink hstore

citext

ltree isn

cube

pgcrypto

tablefunc

uuid-ossp

earthdistance

trigram

fuzzystrmatch pgrowlocks

pgstattuple

btree_gist

dict_int dict_xsyn unaccent


FDW | Etc.

Extensions CREATE EXTENSION hstore;

CREATE TABLE users ( id integer NOT NULL, first_name

character varying(50), last_name character varying(50), email

character varying(255), data hstore, created_at timestamp without

time zone, last_login timestamp without time zone);


FDW | Etc.

Extensions INSERT INTO users

VALUES (

1,

'Craig',

'Kerstiens',

'[email protected]',

'sex => "M"',

now(),

now()

); Datatypes | Custom Languages | Extensions | NoSQL | Window Functions |

FDW | Etc.

mailto:[email protected]

Window Functions Example:

Biggest spender by

state


FDW | Etc.

SELECT

email,

users.data->'state',

sum(total(items)),

rank() OVER

(PARTITION BY users.data->'state'

ORDER BY sum(total(items)) desc)

FROM

users, purchases

WHERE purchases.user_id = users.id

GROUP BY 1, 2;

Window Functions


FDW | Etc.

Foreign Data Wrappers oracle mysql

informix

twitter

files

www couch

sybase

ldap

odbc

s3 redis jdbc

database.com


FDW | Etc.

CREATE EXTENSION redis_fdw;

CREATE SERVER redis_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER redis_fdw

OPTIONS (address '127.0.0.1', port '6379');CREATE FOREIGN TABLE

redis_db0 (key text, value text) SERVER redis_server OPTIONS (database

'0');CREATE USER MAPPING FOR PUBLIC SERVER redis_server

OPTIONS (password 'secret');


FDW | Etc.

Foreign Data Wrappers

Etc.


FDW | Etc.

CREATE INDEX

CONCURRENTLY;

Doesn’t lock table

Etc. CREATE INDEX

CONCURRENTLY;

CREATE INDEX ON foo

WHERE x=y;

Indexes only on

condition


FDW | Etc.

Etc. CREATE INDEX

CONCURRENTLY;

CREATE INDEX ON foo

WHERE x=y;

Listen/Notify

Pub sub in Postgres


FDW | Etc.

Why Postgres Open Community

Broad feature set (datatypes, extensions, functions, foreign data

wrappers, etc)

Reliability

Craig Kerstiens

Growth Hacker @craigkerstiens

Documents

Heroku Postgres SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks