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Twelve notable IT people. Linus, Bill, Jeff, Larry, Charles, Google Guys, Ada, Blaise, Steve, Tim, Richard and Woz. Potted page on each and a link to copyright. Thats WHY we use lego pictures. Pictures courtesy of Dunechaser
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Teaching ideas – No. 1 - Indexing
When students arrive you have the “12 heroes” on the whiteboard. You ask them to sit in a line of chairs in Birthday order. January 1st on one side through to Dec 31st on the other. Comment on how long it takes them.Give them each a piece of paper. Ask them to write their names on it and then pass the papers to their right. When asked you tell them to just “put the papers in their pocket”. You take the “extra” one and put it on the table.
Pick the guy on the Segway (Jeff Bezos). Tell them he started Amazon. Why did he call it Amazon? Because he wanted to be first in the search engine list. Students should work out how silly this was – but it shows how the search engines were so poor. Click on Google link on Bezos page. Talk about how Google’s technology allowed the best Auction site to be first in the list. (Its got nothing to do with how many times a word is mentioned or meta-tags) … if you don’t know then there is a brief guide below in the “Notes”Do the Register. To do this you ask them to arrange themselves in register order.How many pages are there on the web? – Answer should be several billion
Pick on students until you have a random list of words … say porcupine, Ferrari, Bolivia and Copper. Ask them to guess how many hits you would get in Google. Accept any reasonable estimate.
Now see the next page …
You can use these Lego figures as an interesting
introduction to many subjects in ICT or
Computing.One Suggestion is
presented on the next two slides.
Objective: 6th form students to understand
how indexing and secondary indexing
works (with respect to Relational databases).
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Teaching ideas - Indexing (Cont.)
Ask them how long it would take Google to find this list : Answer should be a fraction of a second.
Ask them how many instructions a computer can do in a second? Answer should be around the order of a million. (Tell them about megaflops?)
Ask them how Google searches several billion pages using a computer that can only do a million number of things in a second ….. In less than a second.
Pause: They should work out that its because Google has already done the searches and it has stored away the results. Ask how it joins the four results together when you ask for porcupine, Ferrari, Bolivia & Copper?
Pause: They should work out that its because they have each of the lists in order.
So how does Google store everything it has in lots of different orders?
Ask them to call their names out in register order. That was quick! Now call your names out in birthday order….. Pause…….. Pick up the piece of paper on the desk and call out the name. If necessary get that person to call out the name on their piece of paper, the next person then calls out the name on their list and so on…. You should then get a complete list.
CLEVER HUH! Google only has to sort everything into order and then “pass a piece of paper” to a nearby record and keep the spare “piece of paper”. As long as it has the “head” of each list then it can keep billions of records in lots of different orders.
Lots of directions to go in …. An obvious one is to talk about binary search methods. Or you explain about pointers. Or you could explain about how hashing helps to pre sort things into a list or ….
You can use these Lego figures as an interesting
introduction to many subjects in ICT or
Computing.One Suggestion is
presented to the right and on the preceding page.
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Teaching ideas – No. 2 - HTML
8.2
When students arrive you have the “12 heroes” on the whiteboard. You give them a brief guide as to who a few of them are. However the most amazing person here is NOT Bill Gates.
The most amazing “ICT” person is the man … the British man … who invented the World Wide Web. The Americans created the internet, but it was a Brit who created the first web page and devised HTML. Today you will create a first HTML web page….
You can use these Lego figures as an interesting
introduction to many subjects in ICT or
Computing.One Suggestion is
presented on this slide.
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Linus Torvalds
One of the first operating systems ever built was called Unix.
Every computer in the world requires an operating system
which traditionally takes a team of programmers to create and
one company gets all the profits.
If only one person could create an operating system and give it away
then the rest of the world might join in and build more free software
to run on this system.
The system is called LINUX and its world famous logo is a penguin.
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Bill Gates
Bill left Harvard to set up a software business with his partner Paul Allen.
The major breakthrough for Microsoft was when IBM agreed that
MSDOS and MSBasic would be included with their first PC (in 1981).
Microsoft abandoned its partnership with IBM after they both spent a
fortune creating OS/2 (the operating system designed to replace
MSDOS™).
OS/2 was abandoned due to the success of Windows™.
Bill Gates is one of the world’s richest people.
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Jeff Bezos
Jeff founded one of the most popular and commercial web sites (Amazon) to sell books
on the world wide web. Amazon was a major success story of the “dot com boom”
where it was thought that “clicks replaced bricks”. He
graduated from Princeton. He is still the CEO.
Amazon was called Amazon because at the time the top
search engines listed sites in alphabetic order.
After Google was invented this was no longer necessary.
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Larry Wall
Larry invented and devised Perl. Perl doesn’t stand for anything although there are
various backronyms available. One of these relates to a
biblical quote as Larry is a well qualified Christian and
Linguist.
The language Perl is useful for Linux environments. It differs from earlier languages in that it is designed to be efficient to
write rather than efficient to run. The design of the
language is based on taking the best from several other
languages.
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Charles Babbage
Charles spent a fortune developing “Difference Engines” for calculating
in the 1800’s.
His early designs were built, however he devised with Ada,
Countess of Lovelace, plans for an “Analytical Engine”. The British
Government finally gave up paying for his engines to be built.
The engine was built at the end of the twentieth century and the
analytical engine showed itself to be an early mechanical computer.
Charles Babbage also designed the cow catcher seen on the front of
early American locomotives.
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Blaise Pascal1623-1662
Blaise was a famous French mathematician. He made
important contributions to the early designs of mechanical
calculators. These mechanical designs culminated in 1990
when Ada and Charles’ design for an analytical engine was
constructed.Like Ada, Blaise has a language
named after him.
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Larry Page & Sergey Brin
Google was not the first internet search engine.
Google differed from earlier engines because it was able
to work out which page should be put first in a
search result.
Today Google controls a large proportion of the world
wide web advertising.
They have indexed billions of web pages, libraries of
books and millions of research papers.
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Ada (Countess of Lovelace)
Ada King was the daughter of Lord Byron although she never met him.
After hearing Charles Babbage talk about his work, she was volunteered to translate a description of his early
calculators. During the translation she added various notes. These
notes far extended Babbage’s work. She is jointly credited with
designing the analytic engine. This engine was never built in her lifetime but was the first ever programmable
computer.
Ada died young after suffering from a gambling addiction. She has a
language named after her.
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Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs left his job with Hewlett Packard and went into
partnership with his school friend “Woz”. Steve sold his car and
built twenty five Apple II’s which they sold locally.
The Apple was the second microcomputer to be marketed
(The first was the Altair which Bill Gates claimed to have built a
Basic interpreter for).These computers were only
possible because Motorola had decided to build the first
microprocessor.
Steve famously left Apple but he was asked to return and the
company was transformed under his leadership.
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Tim Berners Lee
Tim was working at CERN a 25 km tunnel for accelerating sub atomic particles so you can split atoms.
Tim devised a sub-set of the emerging printing standard called SGML to create a simple version for linking pages together using
hypertext.
He described how others could do it in the first ever web page.
Sir Tim still heads the organisation which approves new standards for
the world wide web. The organisation is known as W3C.
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Steve Wozniak
Steve created in 1975 a computer to impress the fellow members of
his computer club. At that time there was only one microcomputer
on the market (The Altair)
Steve went into business with Steve Jobs to market the new computer which they called an
Apple.
They sold Woz’s calculator to raise part of the money. Woz later
returned to university which he had to do under an assumed name.
Unlike his gregarious partner, Woz avoids publicity and spends a lot of time doing works of philanthropy.
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Richard Stallman
Devised GNU. A wonderful acronym as you can ask what GNU stands for… an answer is
available… but the question remains.
GNU stands for “GNUs not UNIX”.
Richard devised ideas that allowed people to publish their work for mutual benefit rather than profit. His project had a major success when Linux
was completed.
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Others …
Grace Hopper invented the first computer language and became a Rear Admiral
Alan Turing helps crack German enigma code in
the 1940s.
Tommy Flowers built the first British Computer in
the 1940s.
E.Codd (A Brit) invented the relational database in
the 1960s.
Martin Cooper invented the mobile phone in the 1970s.
The first electronic computer was built by the
Germans during WWII Alan Turing described imaginary computers
in the 1930s
IBM built the first PC
Fortune spent avoiding a Y2K computer bug Phil Zimmermann
publishes PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
GCHQ discover public key cryptography in 1975
(and tell no one)
Wikopedia is started
This presentation was created in 2006 and is inspired by the largely unsung heroes of the information age.The pictures are courtesy of “Dunechaser”, Flickr and the clever people who created the Creative Commons License.
Slide 1Who’s picture should be here, but isn’t is Alan Turing and Tommy Flowers.
Google is started
First Microprocessor
