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LECTURE 8How the man Odin came to be considered a _god_, the chief god?--that surelyis a question which nobody would wish to dogmatize upon. I have said, hispeople knew no _limits_ to their admiration of him; they had as yet noscale to measure admiration by. Fancy your own generous heart's-love ofsome greatest man expanding till it _transcended_ all bounds, till itfilled and overflowed the whole field of your thought! Or what if this manOdin,--since a great deep soul, with the afflatus and mysterious tide ofvision and impulse rushing on him he knows not whence, is ever an enigma, akind of terror and wonder to himself,--should have felt that perhaps _he_was divine; that _he_ was some effluence of the "Wuotan," "_Movement_",Supreme Power and Divinity, of whom to his rapt vision all Nature was theawful Flame-image; that some effluence of Wuotan dwelt here in him! He wasnot necessarily false; he was but mistaken, speaking the truest he knew. Agreat soul, any sincere soul, knows not what he is,--alternates between thehighest height and the lowest depth; can, of all things, the leastmeasure--Himself! What others take him for, and what he guesses that hemay be; these two items strangely act on one another, help to determine oneanother. With all men reverently admiring him; with his own wild soul fullof noble ardors and affections, of whirlwind chaotic darkness and gloriousnew light; a divine Universe bursting all into godlike beauty round him,and no man to whom the like ever had befallen, what could he think himselfto be? "Wuotan?" All men answered, "Wuotan!"--

And then consider what mere Time will do in such cases; how if a man wasgreat while living, he becomes tenfold greater when dead. What an enormous_camera-obscura_ magnifier is Tradition! How a thing grows in the humanMemory, in the human Imagination, when love, worship and all that lies inthe human Heart, is there to encourage it. And in the darkness, in theentire ignorance; without date or document, no book, no Arundel-marble;only here and there some dumb monumental cairn. Why, in thirty or fortyyears, were there no books, any great man would grow _mythic_, thecontemporaries who had seen him, being once all dead. And in three hundredyears, and in three thousand years--! To attempt _theorizing_ on suchmatters would profit little: they are matters which refuse to be

_theoremed_ and diagramed; which Logic ought to know that she _cannot_speak of. Enough for us to discern, far in the uttermost distance, some

gleam as of a small real light shining in the centre of that enormouscamera-obscure image; to discern that the centre of it all was not amadness and nothing, but a sanity and something.

This light, kindled in the great dark vortex of the Norse Mind, dark butliving, waiting only for light; this is to me the centre of the whole. Howsuch light will then shine out, and with wondrous thousand-fold expansionspread itself, in forms and colors, depends not on _it_, so much as on theNational Mind recipient of it. The colors and forms of your light will bethose of the _cut-glass_ it has to shine through.--Curious to think how,for every man, any the truest fact is modelled by the nature of the man! Isaid, The earnest man, speaking to his brother men, must always have statedwhat seemed to him a _fact_, a real Appearance of Nature. But the way in

which such Appearance or fact shaped itself,--what sort of _fact_ it becamefor him,--was and is modified by his own laws of thinking; deep, subtle,but universal, ever-operating laws. The world of Nature, for every man, isthe Fantasy of Himself. this world is the multiplex "Image of his ownDream." Who knows to what unnamable subtleties of spiritual law all thesePagan Fables owe their shape! The number Twelve, divisiblest of all, whichcould be halved, quartered, parted into three, into six, the mostremarkable number,--this was enough to determine the _Signs of the Zodiac_,the number of Odin's _Sons_, and innumerable other Twelves. Any vaguerumor of number had a tendency to settle itself into Twelve. So with

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regard to every other matter. And quite unconsciously too,--with no notionof building up " Allegories "! But the fresh clear glance of those FirstAges would be prompt in discerning the secret relations of things, andwholly open to obey these. Schiller finds in the _Cestus of Venus_ aneverlasting aesthetic truth as to the nature of all Beauty; curious:--buthe is careful not to insinuate that the old Greek Mythists had any notionof lecturing about the "Philosophy of Criticism"!--On the whole, we mustleave those boundless regions. Cannot we conceive that Odin was a reality?Error indeed, error enough: but sheer falsehood, idle fables, allegoryaforethought,--we will not believe that our Fathers believed in these.

Odin's _Runes_ are a significant feature of him. Runes, and the miraclesof "magic" he worked by them, make a great feature in tradition. Runes arethe Scandinavian Alphabet; suppose Odin to have been the inventor ofLetters, as well as "magic," among that people! It is the greatestinvention man has ever made! this of marking down the unseen thought thatis in him by written characters. It is a kind of second speech, almost asmiraculous as the first. You remember the astonishment and incredulity ofAtahualpa the Peruvian King; how he made the Spanish Soldier who wasguarding him scratch _Dios_ on his thumb-nail, that he might try the nextsoldier with it, to ascertain whether such a miracle was possible. If Odinbrought Letters among his people, he might work magic enough!

Writing by Runes has some air of being original among the Norsemen: not aPhoenician Alphabet, but a native Scandinavian one. Snorro tells usfarther that Odin invented Poetry; the music of human speech, as well asthat miraculous runic marking of it. Transport yourselves into the earlychildhood of nations; the first beautiful morning-light of our Europe, whenall yet lay in fresh young radiance as of a great sunrise, and our Europewas first beginning to think, to be! Wonder, hope; infinite radiance ofhope and wonder, as of a young child's thoughts, in the hearts of thesestrong men! Strong sons of Nature; and here was not only a wild Captainand Fighter; discerning with his wild flashing eyes what to do, with hiswild lion-heart daring and doing it; but a Poet too, all that we mean by aPoet, Prophet, great devout Thinker and Inventor,--as the truly Great Manever is. A Hero is a Hero at all points; in the soul and thought of him

first of all. This Odin, in his rude semi-articulate way, had a word tospeak. A great heart laid open to take in this great Universe, and man'sLife here, and utter a great word about it. A Hero, as I say, in his ownrude manner; a wise, gifted, noble-hearted man. And now, if we stilladmire such a man beyond all others, what must these wild Norse souls,first awakened into thinking, have made of him! To them, as yet withoutnames for it, he was noble and noblest; Hero, Prophet, God; _Wuotan_, thegreatest of all. Thought is Thought, however it speak or spell itself.Intrinsically, I conjecture, this Odin must have been of the same sort ofstuff as the greatest kind of men. A great thought in the wild deep heartof him! The rough words he articulated, are they not the rudimental rootsof those English words we still use? He worked so, in that obscureelement. But he was as a _light_ kindled in it; a light of Intellect, rude

Nobleness of heart, the only kind of lights we have yet; a Hero, as I say:and he had to shine there, and make his obscure element a littlelighter,--as is still the task of us all.

We will fancy him to be the Type Norseman; the finest Teuton whom that racehad yet produced. The rude Norse heart burst up into _boundless_admiration round him; into adoration. He is as a root of so many greatthings; the fruit of him is found growing from deep thousands of years,over the whole field of Teutonic Life. Our own Wednesday, as I said, is itnot still Odin's Day? Wednesbury, Wansborough, Wanstead, Wandsworth: Odin

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grew into England too, these are still leaves from that root! He was theChief God to all the Teutonic Peoples; their Pattern Norseman;--in such waydid _they_ admire their Pattern Norseman; that was the fortune he had inthe world.