You have Characteristics or traits. Acquired Traits Reading
Skills Inherited Traits eye color
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In sexual reproduction, offspring produced, are NOT identical
to their parents. Each parent contributes a cell that contains
genetic information
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Heredity is the passing of gene from parent to offspring. Most
traits are not coded for by just one gene
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Different forms of the same gene are called Alleles
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There are 46 chromosomes in humans-23 Pairs X and Y are the sex
chromosomes 1 X and 1 Y=Males 2X = females
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Gregory Mendel is the man. He made important discoveries about
heredity. He was monk and studies each trait on a pea plant
separately. First Generation Second Generation
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Alleles interact to produce traits Phenotype is what we see
Dominate Recessive
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Genotype is alleles an organism has. You might see them, you
might not.
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PUNNETT SQUARES Patterns in Heredity can be predicated. Each
parent has 2 alleles for a particular gene So Punnett Squares show
one way alleles combine to make offspring
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In the Punnett Square, each offspring would express the
phenotype of dominate alleles.
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Percentages and fractions can express the probability of an
outcome. Probability is the likelihood of a specific outcome
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The purpose of the Punnett Square is to show the probability of
each combination of alleles for one offspring A Punnett square only
indicates the probability of different outcomes.not specific
ones!
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There are two steps necessary for sexual reproduction: Meiosis
I Meiosis II
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Two cells combine for sexual reproduction: N N 2N OFFSPRING /
Zygote / Diploid Gamete / Haploid Gamete / Haploid
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Gametes are found in reproductive organs of plant and animals
cells. Fertilization is the process that takes place when a sperm
and egg combine.
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DNA AND RNA DNA provides information to the cell to make
proteins Remember Proteins: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic
Acids Amino Acids
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MOLECULES PROTEIN Molecules Some amino acids are small 129
Amino Acids Some amino acids are large 3685 Amino Acids DNA and RNA
are made up of Nucleic Acids Molecules There are FOUR different
types of nucleotides Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
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DNA Remember in Mitosis In Interphase the DNA replicates During
replication each strand of DNA is used as a template to produce a
copy of the other strand
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RNA RNA uses DNAs sequences of bases to link amino acids
(Protein Molecule) into chains that form proteins. RNA like DNA is
made up of Nucleotides (Nucleic Acid Molecule )
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3 TYPES OF RNA tRNA: transfer RNA- it picks up Amino Acids and
transfers them to where the chain begins mRNA: messenger RNA- forms
a copy of DNA translates rRNA: ribosomal RNA- brings together the
two other types of RNA to form a chain of Proteins ( amino
acids)
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RNA BASE PAIRS Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil
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DNA Transcription (writing copying) mRNA RNA Translation tRNA
Protein
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PROJECT: DNA
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ATOMS THAT MAKE UP DNA Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen
Phosphorus