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Darwin Initiative Project 17-022
Conservation of the Lowland Savannas of Belize
Herbarium Recuration Report
End of Curation Report
October 2011
2
1. Introduction................................................................................................................3
1.1. Background .........................................................................................................3
1.2. Curation work as part of Darwin Initiative Project 17-022 ................................3
2. Herbarium recuration activities in project year 2 ......................................................4
2.1. Status before recuration ......................................................................................4
2.2. Summary of herbarium recuration activities in May 2010 .................................5
2.3. Summary of recommendations after first session of re-curation in May 2010...5
2.4. Summary of herbarium recuration activities in October – December 2010 .......5
2.5. Summary of herbarium recuration activities in July- October 2011.................. 6
3. Materials and Methods...............................................................................................6
4. Results........................................................................................................................7
5. Use of the data and future consideration..................................................................19
5.1. Potential Issues..................................................................................................19
5.1.1. Classification..............................................................................................19
5.1.2. Specimen folders ....................................................................................... 19
5.1.3. Specimen data capture, management and digitisation .............................. 20
5.1.4. Handover of the project plant database to ERI ..........................................20
6. Bibliography ............................................................................................................21
Zoë Goodwin (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh)
German Lopez (Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize)
Hector Mai (Forest Department)
Elspeth Haston (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh)
David Harris (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh)
Neil Stuart (PI, Darwin Savanna Conservation Project)
Elma Kay, (Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize)
The work for this report was sponsored by the Darwin Initiative, Project 17-022
3
1. Introduction
1.1. The need to re-curate the herbarium in Belmopan
The National Herbarium of Belize (Index Herbariorum code BRH) is located at the
Forest Department (FD), Belmopan. The herbarium was estimated to contain
approximately 10,000 mounted plant specimens (Thiers, accessed September 2010).
A limited capacity for taxonomy within Belize was identified in 2005 as restricting
Belize from meeting its target under the CBD (vi/9: Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation). One difficulty has been that the national herbarium is under-resourced
with the result that the catalogue was out of date. Most plant specimens collected in
Belize since 1997 had not been mounted, properly curated or entered into a database.
887 new plant collections have been made in Belize as part of this Darwin project.
These collections need to be mounted and then integrated into the herbarium.
Although the present project only collected specimens from savanna areas, these have
been from a wide range of plant families and so the decision was made to re-curate
mounted plant specimens consistently from all families (not just ‘savanna’ plants) and
relocate these into new and more spacious cabinets to create a comprehensive
resource for botany and taxonomy in Belize.
1.2. Curation work as part of Darwin Initiative Project 17-022
The main purposes of the Darwin Initiative Project 17-022, ‘Conservation of the
Lowland Savannas of Belize’ are to ‘increase available data and enhance the
capacity of local institutions to undertake taxonomic research and mapping’. A
desired outcome of this project is to create an enhanced capacity within the country to
conduct botanical surveys, to collect and name plants and to curate specimens within
Belize. Ensuring the existing botanical plant collections are correctly named and
curated is the first step in establishing this capacity, since without a well-maintained
herbarium, botanists cannot access the specimens or use them to aid identification.
Re-curating the existing mounted plant specimens in the national herbarium at the
Forest Department, Belmopan has been a key in-country activity of the project,
building up local capacity of staff and creating a resource for the future. Curation is
nevertheless a specialised task and for this reason it was initially undertaken by the
UK Darwin Botanist, Zoë Goodwin calling upon the expert knowledge of curation
staff from Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (RBGE). The Belize Darwin Botanist
German Lopez worked alongside Zoë throughout the process, improving his
identification skills and learning curation techniques, so that he could continue this
task more independently in the final year of the project.
In October 2011, German successfully completed the recuration of all (ca 9,500) of
the presently mounted specimens within BRH, including ca. 900 new savanna plant
specimens collected by this Darwin project. With the knowledge and experience
gained by recurating the national herbarium, German is now training University of
Belize students to assist in the curation of an additional plant collection housed at the
Environmental Research Institute, UB. Herbarium supplies for this further curation
work will be provided by the ERI. The curation of ERI’s collection is expected to be
completed by the end of the project in March 2012.
4
2. Herbarium recuration activities
2.1. Status before recuration
At the start of the project, the herbarium of the Forest Department Belmopan (BRH)
contained eleven cabinets of specimens (Appendix 1); these were estimated to contain
approximately 10,000 specimens (Thiers, accessed September 2010). However this is
probably an underestimate of the total number of specimens that might potentially to
kept at BRH as there are more than 33,000 Belizean specimen records in the Missouri
Botanical Gardens online herbarium catalogue (Tropicos.org, 01 Sep 2010). There are
probably several thousand specimens yet to be repatriated to BRH that have been
collected over the years by foreign institutions.
Prior to re-curation, families were organised alphabetically at BRH and family
delimitation did not appear to follow a single classification, such as APG III.
Specimens were laid away by label name, without reference to a particular
classification or revision; this appeared to result in families being laid away in
multiple locations as explained below.
As in most herbaria, a two-tiered folder system has been used at BRH, with one to
many thin paper folders being contained within a thicker cardboard folder. In many
herbaria the inner folders are used to hold specimens of the same species and thus
these are often called species folders; the outer folder are used to hold one to many
species folders of the same genus and are called the genus folder. However, at BRH
the inner folders contain specimens of many different species and the outer folders
often contain multiple genera. Both covers are usually unlabelled with no family,
genus or species name present. In addition, both species and genera are often out of
order making the process of laying away or locating specimens very time-consuming.
Generic and specific names appeared not to have been updated to an appropriate
revision, and specimens were laid away by label name without checking. Thus the
herbarium contained many synonymous and invalid names.
In 2008 approximately 3,000 repatriated plant specimens were mounted by University
of Belize undergraduate students led by Rolando Caballero (University of Belize) at
BRH, following a course in herbarium specimen mounting by Daniel Atha of New
York Botanic Garden (NY). These specimens occupied three full size cabinets and
had been sorted roughly by family, yet were still to be incorporated into the existing
collection.
Classification Systems in Herbaria
Family delimitation and nomenclature can differ between taxonomic systems
accepted by herbaria worldwide. For example North American herbaria have
traditionally favoured Englerian system, British collections have favoured
Bentham & Hooker, now the LAPG III system (Haston et al., 2009) is
increasingly being adopted by herbaria worldwide. Thus specimens of the
same species may potentially have different family names depending on the
institution from they are repatriated. For example the genus Ternstroemia
may be included one of three families; Ternstroemiaceae, Theaceae or
Pentaphylacaceae. Thus Ternstroemia specimens received by BRH from
different non-Belizean herbaria are potentially being laid away under any of
these three different families.
5
2.2. Initial re-curation activity in May 2010
A total of five and half days were spent in the herbarium by Zoë Goodwin and
German Lopez during the periods May 10-14 and June 2-4. Approximately 800
specimens in two families were re-curated. The small family Polygalaceae (3 genera)
and two subfamilies in the Fabaceae, Mimosoideae and Caesalpinoideae, were
completely re-curated, the recuration of the Fabaceae subfamily Faboideae was
started.
2.3. Recommendations after initial re-curation in May 2010
Following the recuration work carried out on a single cabinet of 800 specimens, the
project made these recommendations as to how further recuration work, supported in
the first instance by the Darwin Initiative, should proceed:
• Families to remain ordered alphabetically, however a specific classification
for family and genera needs to be adopted;
• APG III was suggested as the system for angiosperms, using Haston et al
(2009) and Mabberly (2008) as primary references for family and genera
names;
• It was suggested that fern families should follow Smith et al. (2006);
• Species and infraspecific level specimen determinations and species names
should continue to follow Balick et al. (2000) primarily;
• The savanna plant database being created as part of this Darwin project should
be used to generate a comprehensive index of accepted names and synonyms
for all families and genera for use in the herbarium.
• The purchase of additional outer and inner specimen covers was urgently
recommended for the near future.
• It was recommended that the practise of placing a single genus within an
individual outer cover and that of placing a single species within each inner
cover should continue during further recuration. However this is reliant on the
purchase of a sufficient number of further specimen covers.
For a full summary of recommendations made see Goodwin et al. (2010).
2.4. Recuration activities October – December 2010
A total of thirty eight days or half days were spent in the herbarium by Zoë Goodwin
and German Lopez during the period October 8th
to December 10th
. Approximately
3,800 specimens in all families (112) from Acanthaceae to Melastomataceae were re-
curated. This equated to the recuration of six full-size cabinets of specimens. 24
other families were partially re-curated as their specimens were encountered within
the cabinets. In addition 1200 recently mounted specimens were also recurated and
incorporated into the cabinets.
The seven cabinets re-curated (including the cabinet re-curated in FS2) were
expanded to fill just over 13 cabinets (Appendix 1 and 2) to reduce overcrowding of
specimens, to allow the incorporation of the additional mounted specimens and to
allow spare room within cabinets for future additions to the collection.
6
2.5. Summary of recuration activities in July – October 2011
German spent a total of fifty two days in the herbarium during the period July 19th
to
October 11th
. Approximately 2,360 specimens in 74 families from Meliaceae to
Zygophyllaceae were re-curated. This equated to the recuration of four full-size
cabinets of specimens. 18 other families were partially re-curated as their specimens
were encountered within the cabinets. The four cabinets re-curated were expanded to
fill seven cabinets (Appendix 1 and 2) to reduce overcrowding of specimens as
mentioned under section 2.4 above.
3. Materials and Methods
Genus and species folders were re-curated by updating names on folder covers in
pencil; genera were placed into separate genus covers, species were placed into
separate species covers.
Determinations on all specimens were checked
against species names and specimens cited in
Balick et al. (2000) as a primary source and against
specimen information from TROPICOS
(Tropicos.org, 01 Sep 2010) as a secondary source.
As a result some of the determinations were
updated by inserting a standardised citation slip
(Figure 1) designed for this purpose.
Taxonomic judgements were generally not made
except where the authors had full confidence;
however synonymy was updated to the latest
accepted name, following Balick et al. (2000) or
other literature where appropriate (for example
Pennington, 1997). If there was doubt over
whether a species name should be accepted or not,
the name was kept (it was assigned a species
folder, not sunk into another species).
Specimens re-curated at BRH were all logged in
the project’s plant specimen database. Specimens
encountered that were duplicates of botanical
records already present in the database, only the
creation of the duplicate record at BRH with a
filing name was needed. Partial data capture was performed for specimens not
previously in the database; collector name, collection number, filing name and
gazetteer location was recorded. Full data capture was performed for novel specimens
only if the specimen was a type.
Figure 1 Specimen (above) with
determination updated using a
standardised citation slip (below).
7
4. Results
Approximately 9,500 specimens in total have been re-curated over 97 days. This
equated to the recuration of eleven full-size cabinets of specimens. Two hundred and
two (202) families from Acanthaceae to Zygophyllaceae were fully re-curated (Table
1). A total of 1,058 citation and 523 determination slips were used (Table 2). The
eleven cabinets were expanded to fill a total of 20 cabinets (15 normal size of 26
shelves and 5 full size of 33 shelves).
A total of 9,546 herbarium specimens were recorded in the project database from the
BRH herbarium during the recuration process. Some herbarium specimens are
represented at BRH by more than one duplicate (herbarium sheet) so a larger number
of total duplicates were recorded from BRH.
To cover the shortage of specimen folders in the herbarium the project funded the
purchase of 1,900 archive quality inner specimen folders (species covers); 400 in
September 2010 and 1,500 in March 2011. Also in April 2011, Steven Brewer
donated a total of 150 genus covers which was essential for the completion of the
recuration.
Table 1. Total list of families re-curated and numbers of duplicates processed per family (A-Z by
family) by the end of the re-curation effort.
Count Family Count Family
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10
Table 2. Families re-curated at BRH, with approximate numbers of citation and determination
slips used per group, name(s) of included families that are no longer accepted or families that
some or all of genera have been moved to noted in parenthesis.
Herbarium Specimens Recently Mounted Specimens
Family Citation Determination Citation Determination Total
Acanthaceae 22 22
Actinidaceae 4 4
Adiantaceae (now Pteridaceae)
3 1 4
Agavaceae 1 1
Aizoaceae 0
Alismataceae 2 2
Amaranthaceae (incl. Chenopodiaceae)
9 9
Amaryllidaceae 0
Anacardiaceae 0
Anemiaceae 1 0 1
Annonaceae 11 1 1 13
Apiaceae 0
Apocynaceae (incl. Asclepiadaceae)
25 4 29
Aquifoliaceae 1 1 2
Araceae 7 4 4 15
Araliaceae 7 2 1 10
Araucariaceae 0
Arecaceae 6 9 15
Aristolochiaceae 1 1
Aspleniaceae (incl. Dryopteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Tectariaceae,
Lomariopsidaceae)
9 1 10
Asteraceae 76 20 4 100
Athyriaceae (now Woodsiaceae)
1 1 2
Balanophoraceae 2 2
Balsaminaceae 0
Basellaceae 1 1
Bataceae 0
Begoniaceae 1 1
Bignoniaceae 22 10 32
Blechnaceae 1 1
Boraginaceae 8 3 1 12
Brassicaceae 0
Bromeliaceae 1 1 2
Buddlejaceae (now Scrophulariaceae)
0
Burmanniaceae 1 1
Burseraceae 6 4 10
Buxaceae 0
Cabombaceae 0
Cactaceae 4 4
Campanulaceae 2 2
11
Cannabaceae 5 0 5
Cannaceae 1 1
Capparaceae 2 2
Caricaceae 2 2
Casuarinaceae 0
Cecropiaceae (now Urticaceae)
2 2
Celastraceae (incl. Hippocrateaceae)
19 2 1 22
Chrysobalanaceae 4 2 6 Clethraceae 3 2 5
Clusiaceae (incl. Hypericaceae)
16 6 2 24
Cochlospermaceae 0
Combretaceae 10 10
Commelinaceae 9 1 1 11
Connaraceae 1 1
Convolvulaceae 16 15 31
Costaceae 3 3
Crassulaceae 3 3
Cruciferae (now Brassicaceae)
0
Cucurbitaceae 4 2 6
Cuppressaceae 0
Cyatheaceae 1 1
Cycadaceae (now Zamiaceae)
1 1
Cyclanthaceae 0
Cymodaceae 1 1
Cyperaceae 19 31 3 53
Cyrillaceae 2 3 2 7
Davalliaceae (now Lomariopsidaceae)
0
Dennstaediaceae 4 4
Dichapetalaceae 2 2
Dilleniaceae 8 1 9
Dioscoreaceae 7 2 9
Droseraceae 1 1
Dryopteridaceae 0
Ebenaceae 4 4 8
Elaeocarpaceae 5 5
Ericaceae 0
Eriocaulaceae 1 1
Erythropalaceae 4 0 4
Erythroxylaceae 7 8 15
Euphorbiaceae 25 45 2 72
Fabaceae – Caesalpinoideae
16 18 34
Fabaceae – Faboideae 59 3 1 13 76
Fabaceae – Mimosoideae 47 13 60
Fagaceae 5 3 1 9
Flacourtiaceae (now Salicaceae + others)
18 6 24
Gentianaceae 7 2 9
Gesneriaceae 2 4 1 7
12
Gleichenaceae 0
Haemodoraceae 0
Haloragidaceae 0
Hamamelidaceae 0
Heliconiaceae 10 10
Hydrophyllaceae 0
Hymenophyllaceae 2 2
Hypoxidaceae 0
Icacinaceae 2 2
Iridaceae 1 2 2 5
Lacistemataceae 1 1
Lamiaceae 8 3 5 16
Lauraceae 27 5 7 39
Lecythidaceae 2 1 3
Lentibulariaceae 3 3 6
&������������ 0
&����������� 0
&����������� 2 2 2 6
&������#�������� 0
Loranthaceae & Santalaceae
2 2 1 5
Lycopodiaceae 1 1
Lygodiaceae 0
Lythraceae 4 1 5
Magnoliaceae 1 1
Malpighiaceae 10 12 1 23
Malvaceae 22 9 31
Marantaceae 7 7 1 15
Marattiaceae 0
Marcgraviaceae 2 1 1 4
Mayacaceae 1 1
Melastomataceae 50 40 12 102
Meliaceae 11 1 12
Menispermaceae 2 0 2
Menyanthaceae 1 0 1
Metaxyaceae 0
Monimiaceae 0 1 1
Moraceae 25 4 29
Musaceae 2 0 2
Myricaceae 1 1 2
Myristicaceae 5 0 5
Myrsinaceae 9 0 9
Myrtaceae 15 2 17
Nyctaginaceae 4 0 4
Nymphaeaceae 2 0 2
Ochnaceae 5 6 11
Olacaceae 1 0 1
Oleaceae 0 1 1
Onagraceae 6 4 11
Orchidaceae 3 5 8
Orobanchaceae 1 1 2
Oxalidaceae 1 0 1
Papaveraceae 0
Passifloraceae 4 2 6
13
Pentaphylacaceae 4 0 4
Phyllanthaceae 2 13 15
Phytolaccaceae 0 1 1
Picramniaceae 1 0 1
Pinaceae 8 5 13
Piperaceae 17 2 19
Plantaginaceae 6 1 7
Poaceae 17 6 23
Podocarpaceae 0 1 1
Podostemaceae 1 0 1
Polygalaceae 4 4 8
Polygonaceae 4 0 4
Polypodiaceae 4 0 4
Pontederiaceae 1 0 1
Portulacaceae 1 0 1
Proteaceae 1 0 1
Psilotaceae 0 1 1
Pteridaceae 3 0 3
Putranjivaceae 0
Quiinaceae 0
Ranunculaceae 0
Rhamnaceae 3 0 3
Rhizophoraceae 4 0 4
Rosaceae 0 0 0
Rubiaceae 40 21 61
Rutaceae 6 0 6
Saccolomataceae 1 0 1
Salicaceae 13 6 19
Salviniaceae 1 0 1
Santalaceae 0 2 2
Sapindaceae 17 0 17
Sapotaceae 22 9 31
Schoepfiaceae 0 1 1
Scrophulariaceae 0
Selaginellaceae 0
Simaroubaceae 0 1 1
Siparunaceae 6 0 6
Smilacaceae 2 0 2
Solanaceae 6 1 7
Sphenocleaceae 0
Surianaceae 0
Symplocaceae 0
Tectariaceae 1 0 1
Thelypteridaceae 3 1 4
Theophrastaceae 2 1 3
Turneraceae 3 4 7
Typhaceae 0
Ulmaceae 1 4 5
Urticaceae 4 0 4
Valerianaceae 0
Verbenaceae 6 1 7
Violaceae 1 2 3
Vitaceae 9 1 10 Vochysiaceae 0
Woodsiaceae 1 0 1
Xyridaceae 1 4 5
Zamiaceae 1 0 1
14
Zingiberaceae 2 0 2
Zygophyllaceae 0
1055 443 3 80 1581
Total Citation Slips 1058
Total Determination Slips 523
Table 3. Twenty collectors with most specimens at BRH.
Count Collector Count Collector
1465 Schipp, W.A. 218 Davidse, G
901 Balick, M.J. 189 Monro, A.K.
669 Arvigo, R 133 Spellman, D.L.
635 Dwyer, J.D. 128 Holst, B.K.
601 Proctor, G.R. 101 Hunt, D.R.
532 Anonymous 100 Herlihy, P.H.
307 Croat, T.B. 91 Nee, M
239 Fosberg, F.R. 79 Walker, J.B.
229 Gentry, A.H. 79 Brown, J.L.
224 Vargas, R.I. 74 Rivero, R.
The most prolific collectors (Table 3) amongst the collections currently present in the
herbarium are William August Schipp (>1,400), Michael Balick (>900) and Rosita
Arvigo (>600). Several important collectors are noticeably lacking specimens at BRH
including Percival Gentle, Cyrus Lundell and Caroline Whitefoord, Gentle and
Lundell seem not to have had duplicates distributed to BRH and many Whitefoord
specimens are in boxes in the herbarium waiting to be mounted and incorporated.
122 type specimens were among specimens re-curated at BRH (Table 4), eight of
these specimens were duplicates of types not previously indicated as types at BRH.
93% (114) of the type specimens curated to date at BRH are specimens collected by
William Schipp, there are no types collected by Percival Gentle or Cyrus Lundell
present in the collection.
15
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um
ber
, fa
mil
y,
fili
ng
na
me
& t
yp
e in
form
ati
on
) o
f ty
pes
cu
rate
d a
t B
RH
by
th
e en
d o
f th
e re
cura
tio
n.
Main
C
ollecto
r N
um
ber
Fam
ily
Filin
g N
am
e
Typ
e In
form
ati
on
Bal
ick,
M.J
. 2
69
8
Are
cace
ae
G
eo
no
ma
de
ve
rsa
T
yp
e o
f G
eo
no
ma
de
ve
rsa
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Cro
at,
T.B
. 2
49
79
C
on
vo
lvu
lace
ae
Ip
om
oe
a lin
de
nii
Typ
e o
f Ip
om
oe
a lin
de
nii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Dav
idse
, G
. 3
19
04
A
ste
race
ae
A
co
urt
ia b
eliz
ean
a
Typ
e o
f A
co
urt
ia b
eliz
ean
a (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Dw
yer
, J.
D.
12
33
4
Ara
ce
ae
P
hilo
de
nd
ron
dw
ye
ri
Typ
e o
f P
hilo
de
nd
ron
dw
ye
ri (
Ho
loty
pe
MO
, Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Pro
cto
r, G
.R.
30
07
3
La
ura
ce
ae
N
ecta
nd
ra s
alic
ifo
lia
Typ
e o
f N
ecta
nd
ra c
ayo
ana
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Pro
cto
r, G
.R.
30
21
1
Eu
ph
orb
iace
ae
S
ap
ium
late
riflo
rum
T
yp
e o
f S
ap
ium
ma
mm
osu
m (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Pro
cto
r, G
.R.
35
81
8
Aste
race
ae
C
rito
nia
lan
ica
ulis
T
yp
e o
f C
rito
nia
beliz
ea
na
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
MO
)
Pro
cto
r, G
.R.
36
09
3
Aq
uifolia
ce
ae
Ile
x t
ecto
nic
a
Typ
e o
f Ile
x t
ecto
nic
a (
Isoty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
24
F
ab
ace
ae -
Mim
osoid
eae
In
ga
be
lize
nsis
T
yp
e o
f In
ga
be
lizen
sis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Isoty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
63
M
ela
sto
ma
tacea
e
Co
no
ste
gia
cae
lestis
Typ
e o
f C
on
oste
gia
ca
ele
stis (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
75
A
risto
loch
iace
ae
A
risto
loch
ia s
ch
ipp
ii T
yp
e o
f A
risto
loch
ia s
ch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
3
Fa
bace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
M
ach
ae
riu
m c
irrh
ife
rum
T
yp
e o
f M
ach
ae
riu
m m
err
illii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
8
Ce
lastr
acea
e
Ch
eilo
clin
ium
be
lize
nse
T
yp
e o
f S
ala
cia
be
lize
nsis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
16
8
Ap
ocyn
ace
ae
T
ab
ern
ae
mo
nta
na
arb
ore
a
Typ
e o
f T
ab
ern
ae
mo
nta
na
schip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
20
1
Eu
ph
orb
iace
ae
P
era
ba
rbe
llata
T
yp
e o
f P
era
ba
rbe
llata
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
22
0
Me
lasto
ma
tacea
e
Mic
on
ia s
ch
ipp
ii T
yp
e o
f M
ico
nia
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
23
2
Me
lasto
ma
tacea
e
Co
no
ste
gia
plu
mosa
T
yp
e o
f C
on
oste
gia
plu
mosa
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
5 ���������
5 ��������##���
Typ
e o
f 5 ��������##��
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
2�#���������
! #���������"�� ����
Typ
e o
f C
up
an
ia a
uricula
ta (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'������������
8������� ��%�����
Typ
e o
f D
ialy
an
the
ra m
ultiflo
ra (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
28
4
Big
no
nia
ce
ae
A
rra
bid
ae
a v
err
ucosa
T
yp
e o
f A
rra
bid
ae
a b
eliz
en
sis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
0�#��������
0�#����������� ��
Typ
e o
f P
ipe
r m
idd
lese
xe
nse
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
0�#��������
0�#������##��� ��
Typ
e o
f P
ipe
r schip
pia
num
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Ho
loty
pe
F)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
32
0
Me
lasto
ma
tacea
e
He
nri
ette
a c
un
ea
ta
Typ
e o
f M
aie
ta c
un
ea
ta (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'��������
*�� �����##���
Typ
e o
f F
icus s
chip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
7 "�������
*�������"������#���
Typ
e o
f F
ara
me
a b
rach
ysip
hon
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
35
4
Aca
nth
ace
ae
Ju
sticia
en
siflo
ra
Typ
e o
f Ju
sticia
en
siflo
ra (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
38
8
Me
lasto
ma
tacea
e
He
nri
ette
a s
uccosa
T
yp
e o
f H
en
rie
tte
lla m
acro
caly
x (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
39
5
Me
lasto
ma
tacea
e
Mic
on
ia b
ub
alin
a
Typ
e o
f M
ico
nia
beliz
ensis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
!����"������
3����������������<�
��������
Typ
e o
f T
rem
a s
trig
illosa
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'��������
) ������%�����������
Typ
e o
f E
ug
en
ia f
lavifo
lia (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
16
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
0���#����������
*�������������"�����
Typ
e o
f E
ury
a la
ncifolia
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
46
7
Me
lasto
ma
tacea
e
Mic
on
ia o
ch
role
uca
T
yp
e o
f M
ico
nia
och
role
uca
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
49
3
Fa
bace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
C
rota
laria
ca
jan
ifolia
T
yp
e o
f C
rota
laria
vitelli
na
va
r. s
chip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
53
8
Fa
bace
ae -
Mim
osoid
eae
In
ga
qu
ate
rna
ta
Typ
e o
f In
ga
schip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
58
4
Fa
bace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
E
rio
sem
a c
rin
itum
va
r. c
rinitum
T
yp
e o
f E
rio
sem
a p
ine
toru
m (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
2�#�������
2������������������� ��
Typ
e o
f B
um
elia
re
tusa
su
bsp
. n
eg
lecta
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'��������
0���� ��� ��������
Typ
e o
f P
sid
ium
sch
ipp
ii (I
soty
pe
BM
, Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'��������
0���� ��� ��������
Typ
e o
f P
sid
ium
ch
rysob
ala
noid
es (
Iso
typ
e B
M,
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
61
0
Pla
nta
gin
acea
e
Be
nja
min
ia r
efle
xa
T
yp
e o
f B
aco
pa
naia
s (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
64
1
Ara
liace
ae
D
en
dro
pa
na
x a
rbo
reus
Typ
e o
f G
ilib
ert
ia s
ch
ippii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
64
7
Eri
ocau
lace
ae
E
rio
cau
lon
sch
ipp
ii T
yp
e o
f E
rio
cau
lon
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
M,
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
0����%���������
0����%������������
Typ
e o
f P
assiflo
ra f
oe
tida
va
r. S
ub
inte
gra
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'��������
!��� �������##���
Typ
e o
f E
ug
en
ia s
chip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
M,
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
67
4
Ap
ocyn
ace
ae
M
eta
ste
lma
ste
nom
ere
s
Typ
e o
f C
yn
an
ch
um
ste
nom
ere
s (
Iso
typ
e B
M,
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
71
5
Ce
lastr
acea
e
Ela
ch
yp
tera
flo
ribu
nda
T
yp
e o
f H
ipp
ocra
tea
lan
cifo
lia (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
76
3
Pla
nta
gin
acea
e
Ba
co
pa
lace
rto
sa
T
yp
e o
f B
aco
pa
lace
rto
sa (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
'��������
'�������#��������
Typ
e o
f M
yrc
ia s
ch
ipp
ii (I
so
type
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
85
6
La
ura
ce
ae
N
ecta
nd
ra b
eliz
ensis
T
yp
e o
f N
ecta
nd
ra s
chip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
����
2��#���������
2��#�������������������
Typ
e o
f S
ym
plo
co
s b
ico
lor
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
96
0
An
no
nace
ae
D
esm
op
sis
schip
pii
Typ
e o
f D
esm
op
sis
schip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
96
1
Aca
nth
ace
ae
M
en
do
ncia
lin
da
vii
Typ
e o
f M
en
do
ncia
be
lizen
sis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
96
5
Cyri
llacea
e
Pu
rdia
ea
beliz
ensis
T
yp
e o
f S
ch
izo
ca
rdia
beliz
ensis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
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)����#��������
/��������������
Typ
e o
f H
eis
teria
ch
ipp
ian
a (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
97
3
Bu
rse
race
ae
P
rotium
sch
ipp
ii T
yp
e o
f P
rotium
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
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0�#��������
0�#�����$ ����
Typ
e o
f P
ipe
r eld
ora
de
nse
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
14
C
ela
str
acea
e
Ma
yte
nu
s s
chip
pii
Typ
e o
f M
ayte
nu
s s
chip
pii
(Isoty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
18
E
up
ho
rbia
ce
ae
S
eb
astia
nia
tu
erc
kh
eim
iana
T
yp
e o
f S
eb
astia
nia
lo
ngic
uspis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
3��#���������
=��$ �����#�� �������
Typ
e o
f Ja
cq
uin
ia p
alu
dic
ola
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
31
A
ralia
ce
ae
O
reo
pa
na
x o
btu
sifoliu
s
Typ
e o
f O
reo
pa
na
x o
btu
sifoliu
s (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
40
B
ora
gin
ace
ae
C
ord
ia s
telli
fera
T
yp
e o
f C
ord
ia s
telli
fera
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
49
E
up
ho
rbia
ce
ae
S
ap
ium
gla
ndu
losum
T
yp
e o
f S
ap
ium
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
52
F
ab
ace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
O
rmo
sia
ma
cro
ca
lyx
Typ
e o
f O
rmo
sia
tole
doa
na
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
10
91
F
ab
ace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
M
ach
ae
riu
m flo
rib
und
um
T
yp
e o
f M
ach
ae
riu
m r
ose
sce
ns (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
20
F
ab
ace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
V
ata
irea
lun
delli
i T
yp
e o
f L
on
ch
oca
rpus a
ma
rus (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
27
B
ign
onia
ce
ae
C
lyto
sto
ma
bin
atu
m
Typ
e o
f C
lyto
sto
ma
ele
ga
ns (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
17
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
63
E
lae
oca
rpa
cea
e
Slo
an
ea
schip
pii
Typ
e o
f S
loa
nea
schip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
68
C
on
na
race
ae
R
ou
rea
schip
pii
Typ
e o
f R
ou
rea
schip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�����������
2������� � �����
Typ
e o
f S
mila
x m
und
a (
Iso
type
BR
H,
Isoty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
82
S
alic
acea
e
Ho
ma
lium
ra
ce
mosum
T
yp
e o
f H
om
aliu
m r
ipa
rium
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
96
F
ab
ace
ae -
Mim
osoid
eae
A
ba
rem
a idio
po
da
T
yp
e o
f P
ith
ece
llob
ium
ha
log
en
es (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
11
97
F
ab
ace
ae -
Ca
esa
lpin
ioid
ea
e
Ba
uh
inia
se
rice
lla
Typ
e o
f B
au
hin
ia s
ericella
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
0������������
!������"���������%�����
Typ
e o
f C
occolo
ba
lan
cifo
lia (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
7 "�������
7���������"����������
Typ
e o
f R
on
de
letia b
eliz
en
sis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#�������
2������������ ��%��� ��
Typ
e o
f D
iph
olis
du
rifo
lia (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
03
A
nn
on
ace
ae
U
no
no
psis
pittie
ri
Typ
e o
f U
no
no
psis
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
04
P
hylla
nth
ace
ae
A
ma
noa
guia
ne
nsis
T
yp
e o
f A
ma
noa
pota
mo
phila
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
05
G
en
tia
na
cea
e
Lis
ian
thiu
s b
revid
en
tatu
s v
ar.
co
llin
us
Typ
e o
f L
isia
nth
ius c
olli
nus (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
!������ �������
1�������������
Typ
e o
f B
on
am
ia b
revip
edic
ella
ta (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
7 ������
����������"������
Typ
e o
f A
myri
s r
ho
mbo
ide
a (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
7 "�������
���������� �������
Typ
e o
f A
lse
is s
chip
pii
(Iso
type
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
3��#���������
=��$ ����������%�����
Typ
e o
f Ja
cq
uin
ia s
ch
ippii
(Isoty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
36
C
on
vo
lvu
lace
ae
Ip
om
oe
a t
rifid
a
Typ
e o
f Ip
om
oe
a c
onfe
rtiflo
ra (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
42
C
lusia
cea
e
Clu
sia
beliz
ensis
T
yp
e o
f C
lusia
beliz
ensis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
48
F
ag
ace
ae
Q
ue
rcus insig
nis
T
yp
e o
f Q
ue
rcus s
ch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
M,
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
60
F
ab
ace
ae -
Mim
osoid
eae
P
ith
ece
llob
ium
pe
ckii
Typ
e o
f P
ith
ece
llob
ium
pis
taciif
oliu
m (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
62
L
au
race
ae
B
eils
chm
ied
ia h
ond
ure
nsis
T
yp
e o
f B
eils
chm
ied
ia h
ond
ure
nsis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
'��������
!���#������������#�����
Typ
e o
f C
aly
ptr
an
the
s m
egis
top
hylla
(Is
oty
pe B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#�������
2�����������%����" �� ��
� "�#<�"���������
Typ
e o
f S
ide
roxylo
n b
eliz
en
se (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
72
A
ralia
ce
ae
O
reo
pa
na
x g
em
ina
tus
Typ
e o
f O
reo
pa
na
x la
chn
oce
ph
alu
s (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
73
M
arc
gra
via
ce
ae
M
arc
gra
via
schip
pii
Typ
e o
f M
arc
gra
via
schip
pii
(Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
75
C
lusia
cea
e
Clu
sia
sa
lvin
ii T
yp
e o
f C
lusia
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
type
BR
H,
Isoty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
77
A
ca
nth
ace
ae
Ju
sticia
alb
ob
racte
ata
T
yp
e o
f Ju
sticia
alb
ob
racte
ata
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
8���������
.��������#����%��� ��
Typ
e o
f H
yb
an
thu
s m
alp
igh
iifoliu
s (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
81
E
be
nace
ae
D
iosp
yro
s t
etr
aspe
rma
T
yp
e o
f D
iosp
yro
s s
ch
ipp
ii (I
soty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
type
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
82
L
au
race
ae
L
ica
ria
mis
an
tla
e
Typ
e o
f C
ha
ne
kia
co
ria
cea
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
90
E
up
ho
rbia
ce
ae
A
ca
lyp
ha g
um
mife
ra
Typ
e o
f A
ca
lyp
ha g
um
mife
ra (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
7��������
0��������������#��
Typ
e o
f P
ho
tinia
mic
roca
rpa
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
12
97
F
ab
ace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
O
rmo
sia
sch
ipp
ii T
yp
e o
f O
rmo
sia
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
0����%���������
0����%�������"��������
Typ
e o
f P
assiflo
ra b
revip
es (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
18
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
13
06
F
ab
ace
ae -
Mim
osoid
eae
M
imo
sa
erv
en
db
erg
ii T
yp
e o
f M
imo
sa
sca
lpe
ns (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#�������
'����>����������������
Typ
e o
f M
an
ilka
ra s
tam
inod
ella
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
13
14
S
alic
acea
e
La
etia
pro
ce
ra
Typ
e o
f C
ase
aria
be
lize
nsis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
13
18
F
ab
ace
ae -
Mim
osoid
eae
C
ojo
ba
gra
cili
flo
ra
Typ
e o
f P
ith
ece
llob
ium
sch
ipp
ii (I
soty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
13
20
M
ela
sto
ma
tacea
e
To
po
be
a w
ats
onii
Typ
e o
f T
op
ob
ea
rose
a (
Iso
type
BR
H,
Isoty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
!����"������
!��������##���
Typ
e o
f C
eltis
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#�������
0� ���������� "�#<�
�����%� ���
Typ
e o
f P
ou
teria
galli
fru
cta
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
13
30
F
ab
ace
ae -
Fa
bo
ide
ae
C
ha
eto
ca
lyx b
rasili
ensis
T
yp
e o
f C
ha
eto
ca
lyx b
eliz
en
sis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#���������
3��� ���������#��
Typ
e o
f T
hin
ou
ia to
mo
carp
a (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#���������
! #������#���"�����
Typ
e o
f C
up
an
ia s
ch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
13
53
A
ca
nth
ace
ae
O
do
nto
ne
ma
tu
ba
efo
rme
T
yp
e o
f O
do
nto
ne
ma a
mic
oru
m (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
�����
2�#�������
0� ���������� "�#<�
"��� ����
Typ
e o
f P
ou
teria
neg
lecta
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2���
&���" ����������
6��� ���������������
Typ
e o
f U
tric
ula
ria a
den
an
tha
(Is
oty
pe
BM
, Is
oty
pe B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
����������
!�����������������%�����
Typ
e o
f C
ha
mae
do
rea
sch
ipp
ii (I
so
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
*�"������+�
!�����#����������
� ������ "���� ������
Typ
e o
f B
au
hin
ia e
ma
rgin
ella
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
!�����������
'���� ��� �����������
Typ
e o
f M
ayte
nu
s g
ua
tem
ale
nsis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H,
Iso
typ
e M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
������������
' ���������������
Typ
e o
f T
yn
an
thu
s h
yacin
thin
us (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe
MO
)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
2�#�������
2����������������������
Typ
e o
f S
ide
roxylo
n r
ufo
tom
ento
sum
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
*�"������+�*�"�������
'������ ����#��� ��
Typ
e o
f M
ach
ae
riu
m h
ab
ron
euru
m (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
, Is
oty
pe M
O)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
7 "�������
*�������������������
Typ
e o
f F
ara
me
a b
eliz
ensis
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
����������
= ������%��"�����
Typ
e o
f B
elo
pe
ron
e c
ren
ata
(Is
oty
pe
BR
H)
Sch
ipp
, W
.A.
2����
&�����������
2�������"���������
Typ
e o
f S
trych
nos b
rach
ista
nth
a (
Iso
typ
e B
RH
)
19
5. Use of the Data and Future Considerations
5.1. Potential Issues
5.1.1. Classification
Following completion of this re-curation project the angiosperm families and genera
in the herbarium will follow the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III classification
(2009), fern families will follow Smith et al. (2006) and species names will follow
‘The Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize’ (Balick et al., 2000). However many
of the species concepts utilised by Balick et al. (2000) are no longer accepted, thus
following this re-curation effort it is recommended that Forest Department in co-
operation with the Environmental Research Institute continue to update species and
generic names in the herbarium.
The Savanna plant database currently developed as part of this Darwin Project follows
APG III and Smith et al. (2006) in its family delimitations. This database will be used
to produce an index of accepted families, genera and their synonyms for use in the
herbarium. Future updates of the index can be produced from the database.
5.1.2. Specimen folders and further resources needed
As discussed in detail in Goodwin et al. (2010) the supplies of inner and outer covers
available within the herbarium were insufficient for the completion of the recuration.
To alleviate the shortage in herbarium supplies, the Darwin project funded the
purchasing of 1,900 specimen folders and an additional 150 genus covers were
donated by Steven Brewer. These supplies were all depleted by the end of the
recuration of the herbarium. Currently, the remaining supplies of folders at the
herbarium consists of 25 species folders and 4 genus covers. The purchase of
further supplies of archive quality outer and inner covers is still necessary and
urgently recommended.
The Darwin project has approved the purchasing of 900 mounting cards, and an
additional 100 species folders and 100 genus covers to be donated to the BRH for the
mounting and cataloguing of the 887 specimens collected by the project. Repatriation
of these specimens to the herbarium occurred between March and November 2011. To
enable the project’s specimens to be incorporated into the general collection, German
has organized a training workshop for University of Belize students in herbarium
specimen mounting. It is anticipated that at least 8 students will be recruited during
the workshop to volunteer hours in the herbarium mounting and cataloguing
specimens, with a goal to mount and lay away all the project specimens by December,
2011.
A backlog of an estimated 3,000 repatriated duplicate specimens is presently stored at
BRH waiting to be mounted and lain away. The incorporation of these and the
recently 3,600 mounted specimens into the general collection is beyond the scope of
this project. To complete this task, the purchasing of the supplies listed in Table 5 is
recommended.
20
Table 5. Estimate of supplies for the mounting of approximately 3,000 specimens (A); estimate of
supplies for the cataloguing of approximately 6, 600 mounted specimens (B).
A. Estimate of supplies for mounting the remaining backlog of repatriated duplicates:
3000 specimens 3,000 mounting cards
4 gallons of PVC glue
1 roll of white gummed cloth tape (3 inch wide; 150
yards)
B. Estimate of supplies of inner and outer covers for the incorporation of
remaining mounted but un-curated specimens into the general collection:
3600 recently mounted 240 outer folders and 480 inner folders
3000 specimens (from
section A above)
180 outer folders and 360 inner folders
Total 420 outer folders and 840 inner folders
5.1.3. Specimen data capture, management and digitisation
Specimens re-curated as part of this project have all been logged in the database
developed by the project. Minimal data capture was performed for specimens not
already registered in the database however the majority of specimens re-curated at
BRH were already present in the database. This data set provides a perfect tool to aid
the management of the herbarium. However the fine details of how this data will be
managed by the Forest Department and the Environmental Research Institute needs to
be resolved. For example for this system to work specimens incorporated in the
herbarium need to be continued to be logged in the database and any changes in
specimen determinations or in nomenclature used in the herbarium must be updated in
the database.
5.1.4. Handover of the project plant database to ERI
The project plant database was handed over to the ERI for continued updating in early
July 2011. The database has since been updated to include the completion of the
recuration of the herbarium specimens recorded from July- October, 2011. Now that
the curation of the herbarium is completed, German will liaise with ERI’s database
administrator to arrange to have the end of project plant database uploaded on ERI’s
servers and make the data available for use by the general public.
A copy of the end of project plant database will also be handed over to the Curator of
BRH and hosted at the Forest Department. German will be responsible for installing
the BRAHMS program and the handing over of the end of project database to the
Curator of BRH. The handing over will be deferred until the end of year 3 of the
project to allow time for the mounting and data basing of the project’s 887 specimens.
21
6. Bibliography
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny
Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105-121.
Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of
Belize. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 85: 246.
Goodwin, Z.A., Lopez, G.N., Mai, H., Haston, E., Harris, D.J. & Stuart, N. (2010).
Herbarium Recuration Interim Report. In: Darwin Initiative Project 17-022:
Conservation of the Lowland Savannas of Belize. pp. 1-9.
Haston, E., Richardson, J.E., Stevens, P.F., Chase, M.W. & Harris, D.J. (2009). The
Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in
APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 128–131.
Pennington, T.D. (1997). The genus Inga. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Smith, A.R., Pryer, K.M., Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P., Schneider, H. & Wolf, P.G.
(2006). A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55(3): 705–731.
Thiers, B.M. (accessed September 2010). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of
public herbaria and associated staff. In: New York Botanical Garden's Virtual
Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/.
Tropicos.org (01 Sep 2010). In: Missouri Botanical Garden
<http://www.tropicos.org/>.
22
1
Desk
Desk
Desk
Shelv
es
Refrigerator
Boxes
Leg
en
d:
“Ne
w”
cabin
et 33
shelv
es (3 x
11)
“Old
” cabin
et 26
shelv
es (2 x
13)
23
4
56
978
11
10
Em
pty
Sto
rag
eL
ocke
d
Em
pty
Sto
rag
e &
Mo
un
ted
Em
pty
Se
ale
d
Mo
un
ted
A -
E
Mo
un
ted
Mo
un
ted
N -
P
Mo
un
ted
P –
Z
+ F
ern
s
Mo
un
ted
F -
M
Se
ale
dS
ea
led
Em
pty
Lo
cke
d
Lo
cke
d
Mou
nte
d
fro
m
RB
GE
(1/3
)
Lo
cke
d
Appendix
1A
. L
ayout
of
herb
arium
cabin
ets
at
BR
H p
rior
to r
ecura
tion
23
Desk
Desk
Desk
Shelv
es
Refrigerator
Boxes
Leg
en
d:
“New
” cabin
et 33
shelv
es (3 x
11)
“Old
” cabin
et 26
shelv
es (2 x
13)
14
32
76
59
8
10
13
15
12
14
11
16
17
18
19
20
Appendix
1B
. L
ayout
of
herb
arium
cabin
ets
at
BR
H a
fter
recura
tion
