41

Her Majesty's Government with a view to a settlement of his differences with Egypt, andLord Salisbury is not without hope that the negotiations now pending may resultsatisfactorily."

Egypt.

In i888, Mr. Charles Allen, the secretary of the society, and Mr. Joseph Allen, treasurer of thesociety, visited Egypt and were received by the Khedive and Sir E. Baring (later Lord Cromer),with whom they discussed the question of the slave-trade and a home for freed slave women inCairo. This home, through which several hundreds of slaves were passed each year, trained thefree slaves in suitable occupations, and was ultimately established under the joint patronage ofHer Majesty Queen Victoria and His Highness the Khedive. The President was Lord Cromerand the Treasurer Sir Colin Scott Moncrieff, with a London Committee composed of the principalmembers of the Committee of our society, the duty of the London Committee being to publishinformation with regard to the emancipation work being done by the Khedive and Lord Cromer,and the collecting of funds in Great Britain for the purpose of maintaining the home.

Morocco.

During the years I840 to I8o0, the society made considerable efforts to secure the abolitionof slavery in Morocco ; but, owing to various difficulties, it was impossible to approach the Sultanof Morocco until the year 1887. In that year, the society was fortunate to secure the help ofMr. Donald Mackenzie, who undertook to convey to His Shereefian Majesty an appeal from thesociety. On April 27th, I887, the society's envoy secured an interview with the Vizier of the Sultan,to whom he presented the appeal of the society, and discussed with the Vizier the abolition ofslavery in Morocco. At a later date, the members of the society were able to co-operate in thecreation of a home for freed slaves in that country.

Liberia.

From the inception of the Liberian State, the Aborigines Protection Society, now united withthis society, published impartial information received, and, so long as it was possible, defended inthe Press and in its organ the Liberian Government and people. In some cases, the society wasable to say that the charges made were exaggerated ; but, as the years went by, it became impossibleto ignore any longer the fact that the statements of maladministration were so unanimous andserious that the society had no alternative but to make every effort to secure reforms.

Portugal.

In November ig9o, the society sent six of its members to Lisbon in order to confer with thePortuguese Government with regard to certain conditions in the Portuguese colonies. Thedeputation was received by Senhor Bernardino Machado, Minister for Foreign Affairs, whoassured the deputation that the new Government would deal adequately with the question.

Nepal.

In I926, His Highness the late Maharaja of Nepal announced his intention to abolish slaverythroughout his Kingdom of Nepal. At the time of the decision, there were 52,000 slaves andI5,000 slave-owners. We have asked Sir Sidney Barton if he would kindly convey to you a copyof the speech of His Highness the Maharaja of Nepal. It will be observed from this speech howcarefully the ground had been prepared over many years for the great act of abolition, one of theprincipal features being the creation of an anti-slavery office at Katmandu. It is interesting tonote that the Maharaja, who had thought it might cost 500oo,ooo, found that the estimate was fartoo high, as it only cost E275,250 in order to set the whole of the slaves free within two years. HisHighness the Maharaja of Nepal came into touch with the society at an early date, and the onlyco-operation we were called upon to render was that of making known to Europe periodicallythe result of the steps taken by the Maharaja of Nepal. We still act as distributors in Europe ofthe speech of which we are transmitting you a copy.

China.

VVe have every reason to fear that the system of Mui Tsai is as widely spread in China as thesystem of slavery in Abyssinia, whilst it is probable that the difficulties attendant upon its abolitionare no less serious than those which confront Your Imperial Majesty. This society is doing allit can to make the facts known and to secure sympathetic support for any steps which the ChineseGovernment may take in the work of abolition. Within recent months a joint Committee of Chineseand Europeans has been established in one of the provinces for the purpose of maintaining a homefor released Mui Tsai. The society issued an appeal for funds and has already been able to senda few hundred pounds for this purpose.

British Territories.

A large part of the society's activities concern British colonial territories. We enclose for theperusal of Your Imperial Majesty our last annual report and certain copies of the society's journal,

42

from which you will observe that we approach our own Government by means of deputations andmemoranda upon the treatment of backward races within the British Empire.

The Society and A byssinia.

The Society, as we have already pointed out, warmly welcomes the step which Your ImperialMajesty has taken in getting into touch with us through Sir Sidney Barton, thus following the

valuable precedent set by the Emperor Menelik and King John. We readily assure you of our

active co-operation in any direction which may be open to us with a view to providing any assistancewe may be able to render.

The society, having learnt from Mr. Bentinck in I926 of the proposed establishment of a school

for freed slaves in Addis Abeba, has under consideration an appeal for funds in aid of such a school,

provided mutually satisfactory arrangements could be made. We are still prepared to offer suchassistance to the extent of a sum of £250 in cash and [Ioo annually, if the British Minister for the

time being, or his nominee, could be allowed to occupy a position on the Committee of the school.

It may be that Your Imperial Majesty would like to meet a small deputation from the society.

If so, we think we could prevail upon two or three persons with knowledge and experience to visit

you in Addis Abeba in order that they might confer with you, laying before you more fully their

experience, and ascertain from you some of the difficulties involved in the work of abolition, and

discuss with Your Majesty what assistance British public opinion could render. This deputationwould then be in a position to place before the society some fuller details than it has at its disposalat the present.

(Signed) Charles ROBERTS,President.

(Signed) Travers BUXTON,Hon. Secretary.

(Signed) John H. HARRIS,Parliamentary Secretary.

REPLY FROM THE EMPEROR OF ABYSSINIA TO THE ANTI-SLAVERY AND ABORIGINES PROTECTION

SOCIETY, DATED JULY I2TH, I931.

We have received your letter in reply to Our verbal communication which We sent you

through the intermediary of Sir Sidney Barton, His Britannic Majesty's Minister at Our Court in

Addis Abeba.After reading your.letter, We are pleased to find that We agree on principles. We confirm

to you that We are definitely decided to improve progressively the regulations concerning the

status of slavery and to suppress slavery altogether. We say We are definitely decided with

reference to the task We have undertaken for freeing the slaves still owned by the public, and not

with reference to traffic in slaves which We have already prohibited by decree. In some of the

worst cases We have even gone so far as to inflict the death penalty.

Ever since We communicated with you candidly through Sir Sidney Barton, We have decided

to decree a new law to supplement that of the Year of Grace 1916 (I924 European calendar), which

We hope will give better scope for the increase of freed slaves. We will send you a copy

immediately.We have no doubt that you realise the seriousness of Our efforts and the labour it has cost Us

to obtain the preliminary results known to you, and to lay the foundations of the great emancipation

work. Certain persons, forgetful of the fact that slavery was once a universal institution and

probably unconscious of what We have already accomplished or are about to accomplish, exaggerate

for their own private ends when referring to Abyssinia. We are confident that you, who have

made it your special duty to study these problems, know better than these sensation-mongers

what a delicate task it is to abolish this old custom, and how over-hasty steps may easily have

unhappy consequences. History shows that time is an important factor for the liberation of

slaves.Although the status of slavery still exists in Abyssinia, it would undoubtedly be an unjust

thing to put Abyssinian slavery on a par with the industrialised forms of slavery of Europe and

America in former days, which the Western mind of nowadays connects with this word. The

difference is, above all, that slaves in Abyssinia are not deprived of anything to hope for in life, as

were their former brethren in the West. Our Christian people is not averse to seeing slaves hold

posts, own property, embrace Christianity and learn trades, and in this respect it is a people thatdeserves praise.

We have perused in your letter the good work done by His Highness the Maharaja of Nepal

for liberating slaves. No doubt, beside spending so much money, he must also have encountereddifficulties. Your letter has proved to Us that money was a weighty factor, which helped for

materialising his wish. We would, in this respect, draw your friendly attention to the financialreforms presently to be inaugurated by Us, in order to ameliorate the economic situation. By

these means, We aim at erecting a basis for the final abolition of slavery and also, in progress of

43

time, for the gradual improvement of the condition of the free servants, workmen and agriculturallabourers who are so much more numerous than the slaves.

As We mentioned above, Our statements in connection with the liberation of slaves are thenfar from being a mere talk ; the school for freed slaves which We have opened in Addis Abeba, OurCapital, also proves this, and it is Our wish that the present British Minister, Sir SydneyBarton,be a member of the Committee.

We tender to you Our thanks for your good intentions in offering to help the upkeep of thisschool by a pecuniary contribution. It would give Us pleasure to receive a member of yoursociety, to listen to his advice and to hear from him how far you are able to help Us, and on Ourpart to explain to him the particular circumstances of Our task so that on his return he will expoundto you the situation.

Your work for this Christian people and Abyssinia, when the Egyptians had designs upon them,is never to be forgotten, and, as a memento of your good work, it would give-Us pleasure if youwould send Us details of what you did in I875.

Given at Addis Abeba on the 4th day of Hamle I923 (the I2th day of July, 1931, accordingto European calendar).

(Signed) HAILE SELLASE I, Emperor.Certified true and sincere translation.

ANNEX 3.A.VI /6.I93I.

SLAVERY.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE LIBERATION OF SLAVES IN ABYSSINIA.

(Circulated to the Sixth Committee at the Request of the Hungarian Delegation.)

[Translation.][Imperial Seal.]

THE CONQUERING LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH, HAILE SELLASE THE FIRST,THE ELECT ONE OF GOD, EMPEROR OF ABYSSINIA.

May this reach the President of the Anti-Slavery Society,Peace be unto you.By Our letter of the 4th of Hamle (July IIth) last we informed you of Our intention to improve

gradually upon Our Decree of the 23rd of Megabit of the Year of Grace I916 (March 3Ist, 1924)concerning the liberation of slaves until the total abolition of the status of slavery in Our country,Abyssinia, is accomplished.

In accordance with Our above-mentioned letter, We are sending you enclosed a copy of theDecree of the 8th of Hamle (July I5th, I93I), which forms a supplement to Our Decree of the 23rdof Megabit I916.

The 9th day of Nehasse of the Year of Grace I923 (August I5th, I13I).Given at Addis Abeba.

(Signed) HAILE SELLASE, Emperor.

SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATION AMENDING THE "REGULATIONS CONCERNINGTHE LIBERATION OF SLAVES".

In conformity with Article 45 of the "Regulations concerning the Liberation of Slaves", dated22 Megabit in the Year of Grace I9I6 (March 3Ist, 1924) providing that the said Regulations mightbe amended in the future as necessity arises, the following stipulations have been added on thisday 8 Hamle in the Year of Grace 1923 (July 15th, I931) :

Article I.

Repeals the provision of Article 7, which declares that slaves purchased before the publicationof the edicts and whose liberation is not provided for in their master's will are free after a period ofseven years from the date of their master's death (during the said period of seven years they mustremain peacefully in their master's houses). The above-mentioned article is amended in thefollowing sense : Slaves in the aforesaid condition shall be free from the date of their master's death.In such cases as slaves thus liberated by their master's death are accountable to the heirs for propertyor work entrusted to them, they shall nevertheless remain for a year for this purpose, before going awaywith their certificate of liberation.

44 -

Concerning the conditions of life of these slaves we enact as follows

(a) In the case of adult slaves able to work and being in possession of their certificateof liberation, their course is to seek repatriation with the assistance of the Governors oftheir respective provinces and to maintain themselves by whatever work they maychoose (cf. Articles 23 and 24).

(b) If the slaves in question are too old to work or are incapable to the extent ofnot knowing what to do, after receiving their certificate of liberation, they may, if theydeclare it is their desire, remain with the children of their former master or mistress,being engaged for wages, in order that they may not fall into trouble for lack of protection(cf. Articles 26 to 28).

(c) Such of these slaves who may be at the moment of liberation too young to berepatriated or to earn their living by work, if their parents are unable to support them,will be admitted to the special school founded expressly by the Government to be therebrought up and trained (cf. Articles 26 to 28).

(d) Finally, the record office of the tribunal entrusted with the duty of watching overthe freedom of slaves shall, for the future, draw up every year a report to the Minister of theInterior showzing both the number of adult slaves repatriated and the number of slaves whoare miniors who have been admitted to the school.

Article 2.

To the stipulation of Article 8, worded as follows:

"Until the date when slaves purchased before the publication of the edicts areliberated, they shall serve their own masters only. To dispose of them in considerationof payment or gratuitously to relations or to a third person is expressly prohibited.Slaves who have been disposed of to other persons will be liberated",

the following provision is added:

"If slaves purchased before the publication of the edicts are disposed of to other persons,both he who has disposed of them and he who has entered into possession of them will be subjectto the same penalty as slave-hunters."

Article 3.

Repeals the provision of Article 15, worded as follows

"The judges appointed ad hoc, in addition to the Governors of provinces, shall makea census and enter in a register the names of slaves with whom the peasants of the interiorhave intermarried before the publication of the edicts, and shall take steps to ensuretheir being maintained at their master's house. If there is a death among the slaves inquestion, the masters must immediately notify the judges and have the death registered.If they fail to notify the judges of such decease, they will be subject to the same penaltyas slave-hunters."

The article is amended as follows:

"In those provinces where there may be grounds to suspect the existence of the slave tradethere shall be a census of all the inhabitants, men, women and children without exception, thenames being entered in a register. Both the chief of the district and the headman of thevillage, in addition to the census oficials specially entrusted with this work, shall affix theirsignatures to the said register, which shall then be forwarded to the Governor of the province.The Governor, having lodged a copy in the provincial secretary'soffi ce, shall send the originalto the Minister of the Interior. Afterwards, a census shall be renewed every five years inorder that information may be available on births and deaths which may occur in the interval,showing the same particulars as in the original register sent to the minister of the interior."

Article 4.

In future, the "Regulations concerning the Liberation of Slaves" will be progressivelyamended and improved until the time when slavery has completely disappeared.

Addis Abeba, 18 Hamle, in the Year of Grace I923 (July I5th, I93I).

- 45

ANNEX 4.A.VI /8.I931.

SLAVERY.

REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SIXTH COMMITTEE BY JONKHEER J. LOUDON,

CHAIRMAN OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE ON SLAVERY.

The British delegation proposed that the Sixth Committee should recommend the Assemblyto adopt a resolution to reappoint the Temporary Commission on Slavery which sat in 1924-25.This Commission would have been instructed to examine the material on slavery collected sincethe publication of the report of the Temporary Commission in I925, and to recommend to thenext Assembly the measures of assistance which the League of Nations could render to thosecountries which have agreed to abolish slavery.

This proposal having given rise to a number of objections during the plenary meetings ofSeptember I6th and I7th, the Committee referred it for examination to a Sub-Committee composedof the representatives of Abyssinia, Belgium, the British Empire, Denmark, France, India, Italy,Liberia, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. This Sub-Committee, which did me the honourof electing me Chairman, met once-in the afternoon of September I7th. The proposal of theBritish delegation received the unreserved support of the representatives of Denmark, India,Liberia and Spain. The representative of the Netherlands submitted another draft resolution,which might be described as an amendment to the British proposal. These two texts gave riseto an exchange of views. Certain doubts were expressed as to the expediency of reappointing theTemporary Commission on Slavery, as to its practical value, and as to its correctness from a legalpoint of view. After this exchange of views, the Sub-Committee unanimously agreed on thefollowing draft resolution, which it proposes that the Sixth Committee should recommend theAssembly to adopt:

"The Assembly requests the Council to appoint for one year a small committee ofexperts to examine the material upon slavery which has been supplied or transmitted byGovernments since the signature of the Convention of I926. This committee will submitto the Council suggestions with a view to recommending to the next Assembly themeasures of assistance which the League of Nations could render to those countries whichhave agreed to abolish slavery and which request such assistance.

ANNEX 5.A.VI /II.I93I.

RUSSIAN, ARMENIAN, ASSYRIAN, ASSYRO-CHALDEAN AND TURKISHREFUGEES.

DRAFT REPORT OF THE SIXTH COMMITTEE TO THE ASSEMBLY.

Rapporteur: M. FOTITCH (Yugoslavia).

The Sixth Committee had under consideration the report of the Governing Body of the NansenInternational Office for Refugees prepared in conformity with the resolution of the eleventh sessionof the Assembly, and the report of the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission for Refugees onits fourth session. The Committee also had the great advantage of a detailed statement on therefugee work and on the activities of the Office made by Dr. Max Huber, the President of theGoverning Body of the Office.

The Committee wishes to express its gratitude to Dr. Max Huber for having agreed to act asPresident of the Governing Body of the Office and for the devoted efforts he has applied to hisdifficult task, to the Governing Body of the Office, and to the Inter-Governmental AdvisoryCommission for Refugees.

The Committee was gratified to learn from the report of the Governing Body of the Office andfrom the supplementary statement made by Dr. Huber that, in drawing up the plan of liquidationproposed in the report of the Office, the Governing Body had endeavoured to give the maximumpossible effect to the suggestion made by the Supervisory Commission that the budget of the Officeshould be reduced approximately by Io per cent per annum. The Committee noted that theGoverning Body of the Office had taken as a basis for its plan of liquidation the total budget whichthe League would have been called upon to grant in the event of the budget of the Office beingreduced by annual decreases of Io per cent up to the end of the year 1939. The plan of liquidationproposed by the Office does not exceed the sum thus contemplated ; but, to achieve that result,the Office has been obliged to propose the termination of its existence at the end of 1938 insteadof on December 3Ist, I939. In conformity with the recommendation made by the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission at its first session in I929, the Office proposes that budgetary

46 -

reductions should be accentuated during the last five years of the existence of the Office, thusenabling the Office, during the early period of its existence, to exert its maximum effortsand accelerate the liquidation of the material side of the refugee problem. Taking into considerationthe precarious situation of the refugees, owing to the existing economic conditions, the Committeeconsiders that the proposals of the Office are sound and reasonable.

The liquidation of the Office raises the question of the staff actually employed by the Office.In order to facilitate the liquidation of this staff and to save the payment of any indemnities whichthat liquidation might involve, the Committee ventures to recommend the Secretary-General ofthe League and the Director of the International Labour Office to give, as far as possible, preferenceto the members of the staff of the Office when vacancies occur in their respective organisations.

The President of the Governing Body of the Office reminded the Committee of the resolutionadopted by the eleventh Assembly to the effect that the High Commissioner for Refugees shouldcontinue to keep in touch with the movement for the transfer of Armenian refugees to the ArmenianRepublic and to acquaint the Council if and when the High Commission's co-operation mightappear to be opportune. The President of the Governing Body informed the Committee that hehad been approached recently by representatives of responsible Armenian organisations with therequest to facilitate the transfer of some thousands of refugees from Bulgaria and Greece to theArmenian Republic, where provision had been made for their settlement. The Committee feelsconfident that the Office will examine with the greatest attention and interest the opportunitiesfor the settlement of such an important number of refugees, and requests it to obtain and affordall possible facilities for the transfer of those refugees if it is satisfied that such transfer is in theirbest interests.

The Committee learned with satisfaction of the progress made towards the liquidation of theproblem of the Armenian refugees in Syria, and noted that, of the 40,000 refugees who were in therefugee camps at Aleppo, Alexandrette and Beyrut when the co-operation of the High Commissionfor Refugees was invited at the end of I926, there now remain only I5,ooo, and that steps had beentaken by the Office to effect their transfer from the refugee camps and their settlement undersatisfactory conditions before the end of I933.

*

Owing to the prevailing economic depression and to the re-organisation of the refugee work, theactivity of the Office has naturally, during the first months of its existence, been somewhathandicapped. Nevertheless, considerable assistance has been afforded to refugees in small groups,to enable them to take up employment in various countries, and the Office, within the limits of itsexiguous resources, has made grants to refugee organisations to enable them to continue theirrelief work in favour of the refugees. In this way, it has prevented the closing-down of certainorganisations whose activities in favour of the refugees are extremely useful.

*

The Committee listened with interest to a statement made by the Chinese delegate concerningthe very difficult situation of about ioo,ooo Russian refugees in China, and particularly of about2,000 Russian refugees of German origin who are at present in Harbin. The Committee supportedthe request made by the Chinese delegate that the Office should examine the possibility of securingthe transfer of those refugees to other countries.

* **

The Committee noted that the funds at the disposal of the Office for its manifold activitiesin favour of the refugees were at present altogether inadequate. The only revenue at the disposalof the Office for its relief activities is that derived from the issue of the Nansen stamp. The revenuefrom that source amounts at present to a little more than ioo,ooo Swiss francs per annum and'isderived from about 30 per cent of the total number of refugees. If the Governments of the othercountries offering hospitality to the remaining 70 per cent of the refugees could find it possible toenforce the Nansen stamp system, there is every reason to believe that the revenue from thatsource would reach at least 300,000 Swiss francs per annum. The Committee therefore urges theinterested Governments to consider the possibility of applying in their countries the Nansen stampsystem.

The Committee learned with very great satisfaction of the efforts made by the signatories tothe Nansen Appeal to obtain funds for the Office, of the success obtained by the national committeesfor the appeal formed in Denmark and Great Britain, which had both succeeded in obtainingcontributions of Ioo,ooo Swiss francs to the Nansen Memorial Fund, and of the promise of theyearly interest on the relief fund administered by Dr. Alexander Nansen on behalf of the lateDr. Nansen. The Committee ventures to recommend that the work of the Office in raisingadditional funds should be facilitated by the creation in other countries-especially in those whichwere not already incurring heavy expenditure in favour of the refugees-of national committeesfor the Memorial Fund similar to those in Denmark and Great Britain.

The Committee had under consideration the statement of the Inter-Governmental AdvisoryCommission for Refugees concerning the eventual preparation of a Convention to ensure the

47 -

protection of the refugees on the liquidation of the Office. As this question is of interest both tothe Office and to the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission, the Committee recommends thatthose two organisations should examine the advisability of the preparation of such a Convention.

The Committee also took note of various recommendations in the report of the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission concerning the definition of the term "refugee", the validityof the Nansen certificate, the issue of visas, the renewal and extension of the Nansen certificate,and the expulsion and refusal of entry of refugees. The Committee feels sure that the Assemblywill agree that a request should be made to the Council to communicate to the various Governmentsthe recommendations mentioned in the report of the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission.

The Committee ventures to submit, for the approval of the Assembly, the following resolutions:

"The Sixth Committee,"Recognises the endeavours made by the Governing Body of the Office to comply

with the request of the eleventh Assembly to prepare a plan for the liquidation of theOffice before the end of I939, and notes that it has prepared a scheme which gives effectto the spirit of the suggestions made by the Supervisory Commission that the budgetof the Office should be reduced by approximately io per cent per annum;

"Recommends the adoption of the plan of liquidation proposed by the GoverningBody and of the Rules of Procedure and Financial and Staff Regulations of the Office;

"With a view to facilitating the liquidation by the Office of its staff, invites theSecretary-General of the League and the Director of the International Labour Office toaccord, as far as possible, a preference to that staff when vacancies occur in their respectiveorganisations.

"Having noted the proposals made for the transfer to Armenia of some thousands ofArmenian refugees, and bearing in mind the resolution on this subject adopted by thetenth Assembly:

"Invites the Office to examine carefully the possibility of facilitating the transferof such of those refugees who desire to proceed to Armenia, if it is satisfied that suchtransfer is in the best interests of the refugees ;

"Requests the Office to devote particular attention to the precarious situation ofmore than Ioo,ooo Russian refugees in China, with a view to their settlement in employmentin other countries;

"Urges the interested Governments which have not already done so to put into fullapplication the Nansen stamp system;

"Invites the Governments to encourage and facilitate the creation in their territoriesof national committees for the Nansen Memorial Fund ;

"Requests the Governing Body of the Office, in consultation with the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission for Refugees, to consider the advisability of preparinga Convention to ensure the protection of the refugees on the liquidation of the Office:

"Requests the Council to communicate to the Governments the recommendationsadopted by the Inter-Governmental Advisory Commission for Refugees at its fourthsession concerning certain facilities for the refugees."

ANNEX 6.

A.VI /Io.I93I.

MANDATES.

DRAFT REPORT OF THE SIXTH COMMITTEE TO THE ASSEMBLY.

Rapporteur : Dr. LANGE (Norway).

The annual reports of the mandatory Powers, the reports of the Permanent MandatesCommission and the Minutes of the discussions of the Council on mandates questions during theperiod which has elapsed since the close of the eleventh session of the Assembly have, as in previousyears, been submitted to the Sixth Committee.

The Committee has noted that, thanks to the efforts of the Council, of the Permanent MandatesCommission and of the mandatory Powers the essentially humanitarian experiment instituted byArticle 22 of the Covenant has, after only a short period, been crowned with indisputable success.Hence the Permanent Mandates Commission has again received the praise of several delegationsfor an achievement for which it is mainly responsible.

Furthermore, the delegates of the mandatory Powers have again emphasised the value of theco-operation which has been established between their Governments and the Mandates Commission,to the great advantage of the task undertaken.

The Sixth Committee has approved the rules laid down in the Council's resolution of September4th, 1931, with regard to the general conditions to be fulfilled before the mandate regime can bebrought~to an end in respect of a country placed under that regime. Like the Mandates Commission

-48 -

and the Council, it considered that the emancipation of the territories covered by Article 22 of theCovenant should be made dependent on the fulfilment of certain de facto conditions, and on theexistence of certain guarantees stipulated in the interests both of the territories concerned and ofthe international community. The guarantees relating to the safeguarding of the rights offoreigners, the effective protection of racial, linguistic and religious minorities and the maintenance,as far as possible, of economic equality are, in the Sixth Committee's opinion, of quite specialimportance and deserve the Assembly's particular attention.

Another problem common to all the territories under mandate was raised in the course of thedebate-that of the development of the public health services in the mandated territories, whichhas recently been dealt with in a Council resolution. The recommendations put forward in thisconnection by the Permanent Mandates Commission, which the Council has endorsed and whichit has forwarded to the mandatory Powers, seem likely to contribute largely to the success of thework of civilisation undertaken in the mandated territories under the auspices of the League ofNations.

Lastly, the Sixth Committee has once again manifested the importance which it attaches tothe settlement, in Palestine, of the controversies that have arisen owing to the establishment of theJewish National Home in that territory. The Committee noted that order had not again beendisturbed since the regrettable incidents of I929, and associated itself with the hope expressed bythe Mandates Commission and the Council that the efforts made by the mandatory Power tofacilitate Jewish immigration without infringing the rights of the Arab population would becrowned with success.

The Sixth Committee has the honour to recommend to the Assembly the adoption of thefollowing resolution:

"The Assembly,"Having taken note of the work accomplished by the mandatory Powers, the

Permanent Mandates Commission and the Council in regard to the execution of Article 22of the Covenant:

"(a) Renews the expression of confidence in them voted by the past sessionsof the Assembly and again congratulates them on what has been achieved throughco-operation between them;

(b) Expresses its gratification at the constructive and particularly useful workwhich the Council has just performed with the help of the Permanent MandatesCommission in determining the criterion to be applied when it is proposed to bringto an end the mandate regime in respect of a country placed under that regime;

(c) Specially notes in the Council's resolution on this question the importanceattached to guarantees for the effective protection of racial, linguistic and religiousminorities;

(d) Expresses the hope, as in previous years, that, through the prosecutionof the joint efforts of the mandatory Powers, the Council and the Permanent MandatesCommission, the mandatory system may continue to ensure the achievement of theideal of civilisation proclaimed in Article 22 of the Covenant."

ANNEX 7.A.VI /I2.93I.

WORK OF THE COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY FOR EUROPEAN UNION.

LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SECOND COMMITTEE TO THE CHAIRMAN

OF THE SIXTH COMMITTEE.

In reply to your letter of September I6th, I93I (Annex I), I have the honour to inform youthat the Second Committee, in preparing its reports for the Assembly, will not fail to take intoconsideration the material furnished by the work of the Commission of Enquiry for EuropeanUnion.

The Second Committee has also considered whether the financial, economic, transit and healthorgans of the League would be in a position to satisfy, with the flexibility and promptitude whichmight be necessary, any demands the Commission of Enquiry might make.

After enquiring into the organisation and methods of work of these permanent organs, theSecond Committee considers that, as a general rule-with the exception of certain special caseswhich may arise-these organs seem to be in a position to afford the Commission of Enquiry forEuropean Union any assistance which it may ask of them.

The budget of the Financial Section and Economic Intelligence Service for the year 1932 doesnot, however, provide for any meetings beyond the three regular sessions of the Financial Committeeand three meetings of special committees which will probably be required for the normal work ofthe Financial Committee. The preparatory work in connection with the scheme for anInternational Agricultural Mortgage Credit Company drawn up by the Commission of Enquiryhas, during the present year, necessitated an outlay of 27,98I Swiss francs for meetings and 8,820

49

Swiss francs for printing expenses. The Financial Section and Economic Intelligence Service willnot be able to satisfy any demands involving similar expenditure during the year I932.1

With regard to the problem of a pact of economic non-aggression, the Second Committeeentirely agrees with the Sixth Committee that, in view of the special nature of this question, itwould be advisable to entrust it to a special committee to be appointed by the Commission ofEnquiry for European Union. It also considers that the question is of interest to the whole world,and it would therefore seem that the non-European States which the Assembly might invite tojoin this committee should be : Australia, China, India, Japan and Uruguay. The Council of theLeague of Nations might also be requested to invite the United States of America to join thecommittee.

(Signed) Paul Emile JANSSON,Chairman of the Second Committee of the Twelfth Assembly.

ANNEX 8.A.VI /9.I93I.

PROTECTION OF MINORITIES.

DRAFT REPORT OF THE SIXTH COMMITTEE TO THE ASSEMBLY.

Rapporteur: Baron YRJ6O-KOSKINEN (Finland).

The Sixth Committee devoted its meeting on September I6th to an examination of that partof the Secretary-General's report on the work of the League since the last session of the Assemblywhich deals with the protection of minorities.

The German representative, who had moved that the question should be referred to the SixthCommittee, began by referring to the principles enunciated by M. Motta in the report he hadsubmitted to the last Assembly and by Mr. Henderson in the speech he made before the Councilon January 24th, I93I. He then gave a general analysis of the application of the system for theprotection of minorities by the League of Nations during the past year, taking, in particular, as abasis the statistics published by the Secretariat in the Official Journal of August last in regard topetitions and the working of the Minorities Committees. The German representative indicated thedirection in which he desired to see the present system developed. In his view, it would beadvisable that Minorities Committees consisting of five Members of the Council should be constitutedmore frequently, that the Committees should ask the petitioners more often for information, andthat means should be found for ensuring that the petitioners would be in a position to take note ofthe contents of the observations sent by the Governments concerned on the subject of theirpetitions, though that would not necessarily imply any recognition of their status as parties in aprocedure in which both sides were to be heard. In this connection, the German representativeemphasised the importance of securing the publicity of the result of the examination of questionsby Minorities Committees in the largest possible number of cases. He pointed out, in particular,that, under the present system, it was impossible to know in which cases the non-publication ofthese results was due to the fact that the Committees did nothing in the matter, and in which casesthe initiative of the Committees did not meet with the approval of the Government concerned.The German representative added that, in his view, further efforts would be necessary to arrive at asystem for the protection of minorities which would operate without creating friction, but that hedid not intend on that occasion to make definite proposals.

The Roumanian delegate pointed out, on behalf of Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland, Roumaniaand Yugoslavia, that these States had an opportunity during the discussions in I930 in the SixthCommittee to state their point of view on the question of minorities. These States have nothingto add to the declarations which were then made and which they maintain in their entirety, itbeing understood thereby that they are opposed to any extension of the Council resolution of JuneI3th, I929.

The representatives of Hungary, Canada, the British Empire and France have also stated thatthey maintain the divergent and well-known views which their delegations had previously upheld.The delegate of Spain, after emphasising, in particular, the psychological side of the minoritiesproblem, quoted the example of Spain, which is now engaged in settling the Catalan problem inaccordance with the principles enunciated by the League of Nations in regard to the protection ofminorities.

I would only add that I think we can express satisfaction, as our distinguished Chairman hasalready done, with the impartiality and moderation that have marked the discussion, and I wouldpropose that the Committee transmit this report to the Assembly in order that it may take noteof it.

—50

ANNEX 9.A.VI /7(I).I931.

WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION ON INTELLECTUALCO-OPERATION.

DRAFT REPORT OF THE SIXTH COMMITTEE TO THE ASSEMBLY.

Rapporteur: M. SATO (Japan).

Last year the Assembly of the League of Nations was informed of the re-organisation planprepared by the International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation to give a more clearlydefined direction to its own activities and also to improve the methods of work of its executiveorgans, and, in particular, the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation. The Assemblywarmly approved the entire scheme laid before it by the Committee. This year we see the firstresults and are in possession of the authoritative opinion expressed by the distinguished men whomet at Geneva in July under the chairmanship of Professor Gilbert Murray and M. Paul Painleveon the value of the work accomplished.

I am glad to state that the Committee's opinion is, without exception, favourable to the newmethods adopted, and that, generally speaking, it is entirely satisfied with the reforms recommendedlast year. I feel sure we can unreservedly endorse this verdict, and that for several reasons.

In the first place, the methods of work adopted by the Committee and its executive organsare based directly on the experience of the other technical organs of the League. These methods,skilfully adapted to the special requirements of the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation, willenable it to assume its appropriate place in the general scheme of the League's work, and to renderto the several countries, and also to the community of States, the immense services we are entitledto expect. Without an intellectual rapprochement of the nations, without good mutualunderstanding and without concerted action to improve by mutual assistance and co-operationthe conditions governing thought, scientific work and the education of the young, it is to be fearedthat the future of the League would be uncertain and the efforts we are elsewhere making to establisha durable peace would be largely wasted.

The feature of these new methods as applied by the International Committee on IntellectualCo-operation is to bring together, under its aegis, the best minds of the various countries to dealwith education, art, literature or science. The international questions with which we have to dealin these spheres are innumerable. The Committee has made no pretence to elucidate all of theseat once. It has made a judicious selection, and, when handling those which it has retained, itinvariably calls upon the Institute of Intellectual Co-operation to summon a Committee of Expertsconsisting of the distinguished persons to whom I referred a moment ago. It thus enjoys thebenefit of the best advice. It brings into intimate touch the different forms of culture, the mostvaried experience and the great tendencies of thought. It allows the experts to discuss direct,and without any intermediary, the questions with which they are concerned, to compare theirmethods and to communicate those that are most satisfactory. It thus proposes to promote andextend progress in all the various branches of intellectual activity. There is no need to add that,in many cases, it thus establishes a new international link between the national departments ofeducation and fine arts and between the learned bodies and scientific institutions of the variouscountries. That is, if I am not mistaken, the supreme purpose of the League of Nations-thatassociation of Governments and countries which we represent here.

The International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation places at the disposal of theCommittees of Experts which I have just mentioned a body of officials whose work is arranged onthe same lines as that of the Secretariat of the League. That number has been reduced, but theorganisation has been made less rigid, so that the work as a whole does not suffer and their activitiesmay be directed according to circumstances along the desired lines. Thus, a large proportion ofthe funds generously placed at the disposal of the Institute by the French Government and variousother Governments-and I take this opportunity of thanking them-may be devoted to summoningthe Committees of Experts. A large number of these will meet next year at the Institute ofIntellectual Co-operation, which performs services of the utmost importance. Fairly large sumsare also available for special investigations carried out by qualified specialists ; accordingly, theCouncil of the League of Nations, when dealing with international questions relating to intellectualorganisation, has at its command, in the Committee on Intellectual Co-operation itself and thevarious bodies dependent on it, a well-planned and well-equipped organisation.

In reading the reports submitted to the Committee and the resolutions adopted by it, one isstruck first of all by the important place it has given to educational questions. It is endeavouringto create direct contact between Ministries of Education both in connection with the universitiesand with secondary and elementary teaching. As regards universities, it has taken the opinion ofthe international students' associations and of the university offices, and soon their suggestionswill be submitted by the Institute of Intellectual Co-operation to a committee of directors of highereducation, which will have on its agenda such important problems as the equivalence of diplomasand the overcrowding of our universities.

It has undertaken an enquiry into the best methods to be employed to gain satisfactoryresults from the increasingly numerous journeys abroad undertaken by the young people ofour secondary and elementary schools. In the course of the year, it proposes to bring ourrespective administrations into contact in order to ensure regular interchanges of scholasticdocumentation, material and methods and, in a word, to co-operate in pedagogical questions.

Special mention should be made of the work entrusted to the International Institute ofIntellectual Co-operation in regard to educational broadcasting. The use of wireless in schools,and its utilisation in the teaching of adults and, more generally, for bringing about therapprochement of nations and better mutual understanding between them, are subjects whichhave engaged the Committee's attention, and to which it will revert next year in the light of theinformation supplied to it and obtained both from the competent official department and the biginternational organisations, and especially from qualified experts in regard to the teaching of theyoung. The observations of the British and French delegations have strongly emphasised theimportance of this question.

Among the fresh tasks undertaken during the year, there is one which deserves specialmention. A certain number of institutes engaged in scientific research in the sphere of political,economic or social sciences have regularly sent representatives to the Paris Institute to studyjointly various technical questions which interest them. It was decided this year that thoseinstitutions should henceforward hold an annual study conference, at which they would comparethe results of their work during the year on one of the main international problems which call forattention from the political angle of the League of Nations. The originality of their work willconsist in its being done in a purely objective spirit of scientific and disinterested research; theresults of their discussions should not take the form of recommendations or resolutions, and theyshould aim only at elucidating the questions submitted to them. Thus, in one of the most vitaland topical domains of intellectual co-operation, that of present-day international relations and ofeconomic and political contacts, a fresh contribution of great value will be brought to the Leagueof Nations.

I ought also to speak of the work of the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation in the sphereof scientific co-ordination resulting from the proposals of the Committee of Advisers presided overby Mme. Curie, in arts, bibliography, etc. A general feature which characterises the variousreports devoted to these questions is the practical character of the work undertaken. TheCommittee of Librarians and the Museums Office are concentrating their efforts on facilitatingco-operation between the great national institutions. Thus, to take one example, an importantconference, summoned and organised by the International Museums Office, will shortly be held atAthens, and will bring together delegations of nearly all our Fine Arts Administrations. Thisconference will study a question which is of great importance to numerous countries in everycontinent -that of the conservation of artistic and historical monuments. New technical methodshave recently been introduced; these will be compared and studied, and the best of them will benoted and generalised, and thus, in a few days, the technical administrations concerned will be able togive each other valuable assistance which will facilitate their future work and will undoubtedlysave them a great deal of time and perhaps money.

In this connection, I must not forget to thank the Greek Government, which has generouslyhelped the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation to organise this great meeting.

The protection of intellectual rights also remains on the agenda of our Intellectual Co-operationOrganisation. Valuable co-operation has been established in this respect between the institutionsconcerned, the Berne Bureaux, the Secretariat of the League of Nations, the Rome Institute forthe Unification of Private Law and the International Labour Office, which henceforward will holdan annual meeting at the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation to organise jointlythe work to be done in this connection.

But it is not only the material rights of intellectual workers of all kinds which preoccupy ourCommittee. It has decided to approach the great problems which are of most direct importanceto human culture and to give men of science and thought the place which is their due in nationaland international contemporary life. These lofty considerations belong to the sphere of thePermanent Committee of Arts and Letters, which met this year at Geneva. It drew up aprogramme which will be carried out in the course of the year and which will respond to the requestso often made to the League of Nations to arrange for a wide interchange of thought between thosewho devote themselves to the sphere of intellect. Several delegations have expressed theirsatisfaction in the Sixth Committee at seeing the question reach the stage of practical realisation.

It remains for me to refer rapidly to two or three particular points which deserve the Assembly'sattention. First of all we have instruction with regard to the League of Nations and the methodsof international co-operation which it has introduced. A fresh impulse has been given this yearto the work undertaken in liaison with the Ministries of Education and with the main internationalassociations. Last year, the Assembly approved the programme drawn up by the Committee tosolve the often-debated question of school handbooks. A complete documentary report has beendrawn up by the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation. It relates all the measurestaken in the different countries to remove from schoolbooks passages harmful to friendlyinternational relations. It outlines the methods employed and the results obtained. When itcame before the Committee, the latter decided that a committee of historians and educationalexperts should study it and should draw the necessary conclusions, and that these conclusionswould be submitted to us next year.

The Intellectual Co-operation Organisation has this year received two requests for assistanceof which we are glad. One came from the International Labour Office, which was already so

closely associated with our work through its Committee on Intellectual Workers. At its request,the Institute of Intellectual Co-operation has undertaken an enquiry into the utilisation of librariesand popular arts for the purpose of workers' spare time. In this way, the Intellectual Co-operationOrganisation will contribute to the solution of a social question which is of interest to all of us;and it will do so in a most useful way by endeavouring to open the spheres of art and cultureto the working classes.

Secondly, the League of Nations has received from the Chinese Government a request with aview to a larger development of intellectual collaboration between China and the other Membersof the League of Nations. This request has as its object that the League should "find advisersto assist the development of the Chinese educational system and facilitate the intercourse betweenthe centres of intellectual activity in China and abroad."

As far as education is concerned, the request has been referred by the Council of the Leagueof Nations to the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation, which immediately made arrangementsto send four distinguished educational experts to Nanking. The eminence of the persons whichit reappointed is in itself a sufficient proof of the importance attached by the League of Nationsto the Chinese Government's request. I am sure that the Assembly will warmly approve of thesteps already taken and will unanimously associate itself with this great enterprise.

Lastly, the Committee on Intellectual Co-operation asks us to urge Governments to take an activepart in the preparation of the International Exhibition of Popular Arts which the Swiss Governmentis organising on a magnificent scale at Berne in I934. Thanks to the initiative of the IntellectualCo-operation Organisation, which held a general congress of popular arts at Prague in I928, newvigour has been infused into the study of this essential and popular form of culture. The beautifulvolumes published by the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operaticn on the PragueCongress show the importance of these researches, which will be given full prominence by thegenerous initiative of the canton of Berne and the Swiss Government.

During the debates, the Polish delegate presented to the Committee a draft resolution, whichis reproduced in the Minutes of the meeting, and according to which the International Committeeon Intellectual Co-operation would be requested to study a scheme for a world conferenceof educators on international co-operation.

Owing to lack of time, the Sixth Committee was unable to discuss this suggestion. M. deReynold, Rapporteur of the International Committee, who was present at the meeting, expressed,however, the opinion that the programme of the International Committee in regard to educationwas already in conformity with the aims of the Polish resolution. It should be noticed that theobject of this draft resolution was to obtain the opinion of the International Committee onIntellectual Co-operation on this question. In these conditions, and as, moreover, the InternationalCommittee will give very careful attention to the records of this Committee, it would seem that thedesire of the Polish delegation will be attained.

In conclusion, and referring to the observations expressed by several members of the SixthCommittee, I would draw the Assembly's attention to the universal character of all the workundertaken by the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation. It is concerned equally with allcontinents and all countries. Though some activities may appear at first sight to be more limitedin scope, their object is to secure closer relationship between the various great cultures of the world.This applies, for example, to the publication of a collection of Latin-American classics, for whichthe International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation is arranging.

The common interest of all nations in this international work is, moreover, shown by thedevelopment of the National Committees on Intellectual Co-operation, whose activities are steadilyexpanding and whose number has again increased this year. During the Committee's discussions,attention has been drawn to the utility of the liaison work carried out by the national committeesbetween the learned bodies and institutions dealing with intellectual work in their respectivecountries. A further proof of this interest is the growing tendency of the various nationaladministrations interested in intellectual questions to establish contact with the CentralOrganisation of the League, There is now a regular machinery of intellectual co-operation witha centre which is international, but is connected more and more closely to the bodies representingin each country the interests of the mind and of literary, artistic or scientific culture. As arepresentative of an Asiatic State, I am particularly gratified by the development of theseintellectual exchanges, through which the countries of the East, and particularly my own country,are united ever more firmly with the other Members of the League.

In these circumstances, the Assembly will be happy to approve the proposal submitted to itthat a Conference of the National Committees on Intellectual Co-operation should be convenedin I934.

It will also be glad to accede, like the Council, to the desire of the International Committeeon Intellectual Co-operation that the existence of the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation,composed of the bodies to which I have referred in the course of my statement, should be explicitlyrecognised. Furthermore, I would ask it to urge the various Governments to give material supportto the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation in response to the wish expressed by itsGoverning Body, after noting the work which the Institute had accomplished and the resultssecured.

Finally, we would offer our sincere thanks to the eminent members of the Committee onIntellectual Co-operation and the Committees connected therewith. The League of Nations isproud to have the assistance of such collaborators. It is happy to see these representatives ofintellectualism, these unselfish workers devoting themselves to international tasks ; it deeply

53 -

appreciates, for example, the resolution which they unanimously adopted in favour of the reductionof armaments. It realises that, for the success of all its enterprises, it must rely first and foremoston the support of those who direct and form public opinion and who have the noble task of trainingthe minds of the young generations,

* *

It is one of the pleasant duties of the Rapporteur of the Committee to give an account of theresults of the work of the International Educational Cinematographic Institute at Rome. Theseresults have been consistently encouraging, and the Governing Body of the Institute, which meetsevery year in October, is thus able to show in its report that the work accomplished already fulfilsin a large measure the high aims which led to the creation of this Institute.

Up to the end of the year I930, the efforts of the Institute were especially devoted to extendingits relations with international organisations pursuing similar objects. For example, arrangementswere made, in agreement with the Secretariat of the League of Nations, for promoting theproduction of educational films concerning the League.

The Institute has also undertaken enquiries in close co-operation with the InternationalChild Welfare Committee, the Health Section of the League of Nations, the International LabourOffice, the International Institute of Agriculture and the League of Red Cross Societies with aview to securing more co-ordination between the parallel efforts of theses institutions in the matterof education by the cinematograph.

The list of the results achieved by the Institute is too long for me to be able to mention themall ; they are concerned with the most various objects-hygiene, particularly social hygiene,education, etc. Comparative studies have been carried on the censorship of films in differentcountries, on cinematography as applied to agriculture, and on the social aspects of thecinematograph, among which may be mentioned its use for the prevention of labour accidents.

The preparatory work for a conference for the abolition of Customs barriers in respect ofeducational films is being continued. Thirty-eight replies, of which many are favourable, havebeen received from Governments. An impartial study of the opinions collected will be made by aCommittee of Experts, so that any measures which the Governing Body of the Institute mayfinally take may be based on the wishes expressed by the Governments themselves.

One of the most notable achievements of the Educational Cinematographic Institute is thepublications of its Review, which appears in five languages and to which contributions have beenmade by specialists throughout the world. This Reviez has aroused such great interest in thecircles for which it was intended that the cost of its publication has been entirely covered bysubscriptions and sales, which is very rarely the case with a publication of this kind. This showsthat its success is most encouraging and that the monographs which are published in it reach avery wide range of readers.

I am sure the Committee will agree with me that the results realised by the EducationalCinematographic Institute are very satisfactory ; we hope and believe that they are not only areward for efforts of the past but a promise of future achievements.

The Italian Government, to which the League of Nations is indebted for the creation of theInstitute, continues to interest itself in the work and to give it support. It has once more shownits generosity this year by making the Institute an additional grant of 2oo,ooo lire.

DRAFT RESOLUTION

The Assembly,Having noted the reports of the International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation and of

the Governing Body of the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation (documents A.2 3and A.24, I93I ) ;

Noting with great satisfaction the results achieved during the year by the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation as a whole and expressing its gratification that the re-organisation effectedlast year has made it possible to carry on in the most effective way possible the international workof liaison and co-ordination which in the intellectual sphere appears essential to the future of theLeague of Nations;

Approves the work undertaken in the different branches of intellectual activity and theprogramme of work drawn up for the coming year

Is particularly glad that special importance is being attached to education, and that a planhas been drawn up for promoting international co-operation in this respect and for spreading stillfurther a knowledge of the League of Nations among the young;

Expresses its satisfaction at the measures proposed to ensure regular co-operation between theofficial institutions dealing with the protection of intellectual rights;

Has noted with satisfaction the new work undertaken to ensure an objective and disinterestedstudy of the major international problems through the institutes engaged in the scientific study ofinternational relations, and of the programme drawn up by the Committee of Arts and Lettersfor the League of Nations to assist, by arranging for regular intellectual exchanges in theinternational sphere, in defending the interests of culture and civilisation;

Approves the steps taken by the Committee in response to the Chinese Government's requestand anticipates the most happy results from this co-operation ;

Recognises the existence of the Intellectual Co-operation Organisation, comprising theInternational Committee on Intellectual Co-operation, which is the advisory body of the League ofNations ; the commissions and committees dependent on it ; the International Institute ofIntellectual Co-operation, its executive organ, and the International Educational Cinematographic

54

Institute, these two institutes having been placed at the League's disposal under the conditionslaid down in their respective statutes; and the National Committees on Intellectual Co-operation,whose representatives may be called upon to meet occasionally in conference on the proposal of theInternational Committee on Intellectual Co-operation;

Approves the summoning of a meeting of the National Committees on Intellectual Co-operationin I934.

Having noted the report of the Governing Body of the International Educational Cinema-tographic Institute;

Expresses its gratification at the results achieved;Is happy to note the progress of the preparatory work for the Conference for the abolition of

Customs barriers for educational films;Expresses its satisfaction at the gratifying development of the International Review of

Educational Cinematography.Draws the attention of the States Members of the League of Nations to the experiments being

made by a certain number of countries with regard to the use of broadcasting as a meansof education;

Approves the step taken by the Committee on Intellectual Co-operation in asking the Instituteto undertake an enquiry, in co-operation with the other competent organisations, into the edu-cational aspects of broadcasting;

Recommends that this enquiry should cover all the possibilities of using broadcasting as ameans for international rapprochement;

Asks the States Members of the League to encourage the use of broadcasting to create bettermutual understanding, to secure a more thorough comprehension of the international characterof a large number of urgent problems and to permit of a more complete appreciation of the taskof the League of Nations and of the aims which it has before it.

Drawing the attention of the States Members of the League of Nations to the initiative takenby the city of Berne and the invitation addressed to them by the Federal Government to participaten the Exhibition of Popular Arts in 1934;

Urges the Members of the League of Nations to associate themselves with this greatinternational manifestation and to take suitable steps for this purpose.

- 55--

INDEX

Abbreviations

Cttee. - Committee.Govt. - Government.Perm. = Permanent.U. S. A. = United States of America.

Pages PagesAgenda of Committee Education

Adoption and text .................... 8 Broadcasting as means of. 27-6, 31, 36, 51, 54in China, see Intellectual co-operation,

Art, History of Requests for co-operation, from ChinaInstruction in ........................ 27 by Cinematograph .................... 53Educational Information Centre of League.

Arts and Letters 27, 27-8, 32, 33in Int. co-operation, see Co-operation, int.,

Committee, Perm., work of... 29, 30, 36, 51, 53 World Conference, etc.

Broadcasting European Union, Work of Commission ofEducational value of...... 26-7, 3, 36, 5 54 Enquiry foras Means of int. rapprochement. 27, 3I, 33, 36, 37, Committees and Sub-Cttees, question of,

54 see below Economic and financial ques-Budget of League tions, Overlapping, etc.

Constitution and methods of work. 9, I, I3, 39Necessity for economy in preparing budget Report by Commission ...... 9, 2, 3, 39

for I932 :resolution of Assembly, See also below Economic and financialSept. 12. 193I .................... 9 questions, Overlapping, etc. and

Technical Organisations, etc.Cinermatsograph Continuance of work ........ 9, O, II, 12, 13

Education by means of ................. 3, 53 Discussion. ......................... 9-I4, 35-6Films Resolutions, draft

Censorship ........................ 53 Adopted by Cttee. No. 6. i3- 4 (text), 35Customs duties on educational films ,253 Submitted by Estonian delegation

abolition of.. ........... . 30, 53, 54 9 (text), Io, I , 12, 14Educational re League ............ 53 Drafting Cttee, appointment and composi-

Institute, Int. tion .................. 3.... .... 13Co-operation with various Committees Economic and financial questions examined

and organisations re educational Overlapping involved by creation ofcinematography and cinematograph, Sub-Cttees. for questions withinas means of int. rapprochement. 30, 33, 53 competence of Economic and Fin-

Grant from Italian Govt ............ 53 ancial Organisation. 9, io, II, 12, 13, 39Recognition by Assembly, recommen- Reference to Cttee. No. 2...... 9, 13, 39

ded by Cttee. No. 6.............. 53-4 Letter from Chairman of Cttee. No. 2 toReport of Governing Body........ 53, 54 Chairman of Cttee. No. 6. 35-6, 48-9 (text)Review published by, see below Inter- Letter from Chairman of Cttee. No. 6 to

national Review, etc. Chairman of Cttee. No. 2....... 3, 39 (text)Work ....................... 3I, 36, 53 Participation of non-European countries.

International Review of Educational Cine- 9, IO, Io-ir, 12matography ........................ 53,54 See also nder Economic non-aggression,

as Means of int. rapprochement. 27, 30, 3I , 33 etc., Sub-Cttee., etc.Relation to agriculture ................ 53 Rapporteur, appointment ............... 4Social aspects ........................ 53 Technical Organisations of League, func-

tion re collection of documentationCo-operation, International for Commission and settlement of

certain questions .............. 13, 39, 48World Conference of educators on : resolu- Budgetary questions ................ 8-9

tion re convocation, submitted by See also above Resolutions, etc. Sub-Polish delegation. 32 (text), 36, 38, 52, 53 mitted by Estonian delegation

Copyright Ibero-American ClassicsBerne and Havana Conventions, harmonis- See Latin-American classics

ation of ........................ 27Instruction of Youth in Aims of LeagueDiplomas, Equivalence of .................. 50

Progress re ................. 27, 29, 33, 53Economic Non-Aggression, Draft Pact sub- Sub-Committee of Cttee. on Intellectualmitted by Representative of U.S.S.R. to Co-opeation .................... 27Commission of Enquiry for European Union

Intellectual Co-operationRapporteur, appointment .............. I4Reference of question to Ctte. No. 2...... 13 For questions dealt with by Committee andReference of question to Economic Organ- Institute, see the subjects concerned

isation, proposed ................... 9, 13 in Canada... ... ............. 30Resolution, draft, adopted by Cttee. No. 6. 35-6 Committee, Int.Sub-Committee to be appointed by Com- Liaison with associations, etc., of

mission .... 9, 9-IO, II, 13, 35, 49 intellectual workers ......... 26, 33, 36Participation of non-European States Report........ 53

Members and of U.S.A. in work of. Arrangement of reports .......... 32, 369-10, I3, 35-6, 49 Resolution re disarmament . . .... 53

- 56 -

Pages PagesIntellectual Co-operation (continued) MPandates (continuzed)

Committees of Experts Iraq (continued)For individual Committees, see the Frontier between Iraq and Syria,

subjects concerned delimitation of ................ 2,22Allusions to work ................. 26, 50 Judicial Agreement between Great

Discussion ...................... 26-33, 36-8 Britain and Iraq, March. 4, 1931 I9, 34Exchanges, intellectual ............... 53 Judicial system and situation of Per-in India ..... ........... sian nationals .................. 2, 34Institute, Int. Minorities, protection of, see below

Director, tribute to................ 28 Termination of mandate, etc.Organisation and work. 27-33 passim, 5I-4 Persian nationals in, see above Judicial

passim system, etc.Report of Governing Body .......... 53 Termination of mandate and rights of

Arrangement of reports .......... 32, 36 minorities and of foreigners in rela-National centres in South America, crea- tion to................... 19, 20-I, 21

tion of ........................... 27 See also above Admission to LeagueNational Committees Islands under Japanese mandate, adminis-

Activities and increase in number. 26, 33, 36, 52 tration and development ...... 21-2, 22Austrian. 33 Minorities in Mandated territories, protec-British.......................... 31 tion, of, see above Iraq, Termination ofConference in I934 ............... 52, 54 mandate, etc. and below Termination ofMeetings, periodical ............... 54 mandate regimeRecognition by Assembly, recommend- Most-favoured-nation treatment, applica-

ed by Cttee. No. 6 ............... 54 tion of, see below Termination of man-Organisation date regime, etc.

Recognition by Assembly recomm- Nauru, administration ................ 21ended by Cttee. No. 6 ........ 27, 31, 53-4 Palestine, situation between Jews and

Reorganisation, results of, and pro- Arabs re Jewish national home ... 20, 48gramme of work.. 26-33 passim, 50-4 Public health in mandated territories and

passim admission of foreign doctors. 19-20, 21, 48Work during 1930-193I.... 50-4 passim See also above Islands under JapaneseSee also above Committee, Int. and mandate, etc.

Institute ,Int. Rapporteur, appointment ............. 20, 35Overlapping, danger of ...... 27-8, 32, 33, 37 Report and resolution (draft) of Cttee.Rapporteur, appointment .............. 20,38 No. 6 .................. 34-5, 47-8 (text)Report and resolution (draft) of Cttee. Resolution draft,, of Cttee. No. 6 (text).... 48

No. 6......... 26, 33, 36-8, 50-4 (text) South West Africa .................... 35Requests for co-operation Syria and Lebanon

from China ... ......... 26, 31, 32,52 Frontier between Syria and Iraq, delim-from Int. Labour Office (re workers' itation of ...................... 21, 22

leisure) . ...................... 3, 51-2 Judicial system, see below PersianResolutions, draft nationals, etc.

Adopted by Cttee. No. 6. 36, 38, 53-4 (text) Persian nationals, treatment of, inSubmitted by M. Fierlinger, see Pop- judicial matters. ........... 21, 34, 35

ular arts, Exhibition, etc., Resol- Termination of mandate regime: con-ution, etc. ditions to be fulfilled (protection of mi-

Submitted by Polish delegation, see norities, safeguarding of rights ofCo-operation, int., World Confer- foreigners, maintenance of economicence, etc. equality and application of most-

Scandinavian Folk High School at Geneva. 28 favoured-nation treatment). 19, 20, 20-I, 21,Welcome to M. de Reynold, M. Dufour- 34, 35, 47-8, 48

Feronce, M. de Montenach and M. Bon- See also above Iraq, Termination, etc.net......... .................... 26 Western Samoa, administration ......... 22

Intellectual Rights, Protection of.......... 5, 53 Meetings of Connmittee

Intellectual Workers Publicity .......................... 8

Advisory Committee on................ 52 Members of Committee, List of............ 5-7Confederation of..................... 26, 33 Minorities, Protection of

International Relations, Scientific Study of Application of system during I930o-931' 49

Conference of representatives of Institutes. 29, 51, 53 Committees, constitution and working of. 14, 49Consultative Cttee., Perm., proposed..... 15

Iraq Discussion .................. 4-I5 36~~See · under Mandates Petitions, procedure re and publicity of

results of examination of cases ..... 14, 15Islands under Japanese Mandate Rapporteur, appointment.............. 15

Report, draft, of Cttee. No. 6..... 36, 49 (text)See under Mandates Statistics .......................... 49

Views of various delegations ....... I4-5, 49Latin-American Classics, Collection of 26, 27,29,33,52

Monuments, Artistic and Historical, Preser-Librarians, Committee of.................. 51 vation of

Literary and Scientific Works, Free Circul- Conference, int., at Athens, I931....... 29, 51ation of. 30o, 36, 36-7

Muiseums Office, Int. ......... ............. 27 ,5I

MandatesNauru

Annual reports of mandatory Powers .... . 7Commission, Perm. Mandates: work and . See under Mandates

tributes to................ 19, 21, 47, 48Discussion ...................... I9-22, 34-5 P.E.N Clubs, Congress ofEconomic equality, see below Termination

of mandate regime, etc. Literary prize, League of Nations, offeredForeigners in mandated territories, rights by ... *. ......................... 32

ofSee below Iraq, Judicial system, etc. Pacific Islands under Japanese Mandate

Syria and Lebanon, Persian See Mandates, Islands, etc.nationals, etc.

Termination of mandate r6gime PalestineIraq

Admission to League ............ 19, 21 See under Mandates

57

Pages Page

Popular Arts Scientific Advisers, Committee of ........... 32, 5

Exhibition, Int., Berne, 1934 preparation of 28, 29, 32-3, 33, 36, 37, 52, 54 SlaveryDraft resolution submitted by M. in Abyssinia

Fierlinger (text) .29............ 29 Letter from first delegate of New Zeal-

Rapporteurs, Appointment of. I4, I5, 20, 24, 25, 35, and to Chairman of Cttee. No. 6,36 38 forwarding correspondence between

Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Pro-Refugees, Russian, Armenian, Assyrian, tection Society and Emperor of

Assyro-Chaldean and Turkish iAbyssinia .............. 6, 39-43 (text)

Advisory Commission, Inter-Government- Regulations re liberation of slaves....

al. I7, 43-4 (text)

Activities .......... 24, 46-7 47, Tribute to action of Emperor.... i7, 18, 22

Recommendations re certain facilities Advisory Bureau, Perm.: British proposalfor refugees, communication to to create (I930) ............. 6, 17, I, 9

Govts ........................ 47 Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection

Report on 4 th session .............. 45 SocietyRepresentation of Belgian Govt. on.. 25 Correspondence with Emperor of

Armenian refugees Abyssinia, see above in Abyssinia,in Syria ....................... 2346 Letter, etc.Transfer to Armenia (Erivan Repub- Report .......................... 6-I7

lie)................... 23, 24, 25, 46, 47 in China, absence of................... I8, I

in China, see below Russian, in Manchuria Commission, TemporaryConvention to ensure protection of refug- Allusions to work ................. I6, 45

ees on liquidation of, Int. Refugees Revival: British proposal. 16, 17, i8, I9, 22-3,45

Office, preparation of, proposed... 46-7, 47 Credits, question of ....... 6, I8, 19, 22

Discussion ......... ................... 23-5 Sub-Committee to consider, see

Expulsion and refusal of entry ........ 47 below Sub-Cttee,. etc.Juridical and political position of refugees. 24 Committee of colonial experts:Nansen certificate, validity, renewal and Netherlands proposal to create ..... I8, 45

extension of ........ .............. 47 Committee of Experts, appointment for

Nansen memorial fund ... ............. 24, 46 one year recommended by Sub-Cttee.,National Cttees., creation of ......... 46, 47 see below Sub-Cttee., etc., Report and

Nansen stamp system ........... 23-4, 46, 47 resolutionRapporteur, appointment .............. 24, 25 Convention, Int., 1926((Refugee )), definition of term ........... 47 Allusions to................ 16, 17, 22, 23

Refugees Office, Nansen Int. Ratification ................. I6, I8, I9

Activities Discussion ...................... 16-I9, 22-3

Handbook re, publication of...... 25 in India, absence of .................... Information re, to the included in in Liberia

report of Governing Body....... 24, 25 Special Committee on question ofStatement by President of Govern- assistance to Liberia ............. I8

ing Body (M. Huber) ... 23-4, 45 46 Work of Commission of Enquiry .... 17-18

Budget ........ . 23, 25, 45, 46, 47 Resolution, draft, of Cttee. No. 6. 22-3, 45 (text)

Liquidation, eventual, plan prepared Sub-Committee of Cttee. No. 6 to considerby Governing Body. 23, 24, 25, 45-6, 47 revival of Temporary Commission

See also above Convention, etc. and Appointment and composition. i6, I8, 19, 45

below Staff, etc. Report and resolution... 23-2, 45 (text)President of Governing Body

Statement re activities of Office, South West Africasee above Activities, etc., State-ment, etc.ment, etc. See under Mandates

Tributes to .................... 24, 45Report of Governing Body ...... 23-4, 45-6 Syria and LebanonRules of Procedure and Financial and

f See under MandatesStaff Regulations ............... 47Staff, liquidation of ..... 46, 47

Report and resolution (draft) of Cttee. The Aims and Organisation of the Leaue ofNo. 6 ................... 25, 45-7 (text) Nations

Resolution, draft, of Cttee. No. 6.. 25, 47 (text) Russian, in Manchuria, and Russian refug- Translation into Indian languages ....... 32, 33

ees of German origin in Harbin. 23, 24, 46, 47Visas, issue of......................... 47 University Relations

Roman Characters, Universal Adoption of 27 Exchanges of professors and students.. 33Overcrowding of universities ........... 50

Samoa, Western Work of Institute of Intellectual Co-opera-

see Mandates, Western Samoa tion.............. .............. 50

School Text-Books, Revision of Vice-Chairman of Committee

Progress re and proposed creation of Cttee. of Experts ................... 27, 3T, 5I Election ..................... .....

Schools Western Samoa

Conference, int., of school teachers, propos-edn.c3I, 37-8 See under Mandates

Documentation, scholastic, interchange of. 51Elemerntary and secondary ............. 32, 50 Workers' Leisure

Exchanges, int. of pupils........ 32, 33, 5I

Text - books, see School text-books Enquiry se ............... 3, 36, 51-