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Hepatite B e gravidez Prof. Alexandre S. Moura Ambulatório de Infectologia - Unifenas-BH Hospital Eduardo de Menezes-FHEMIG

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Page 1: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Hepatite B e gravidez

Prof. Alexandre S. MouraAmbulatório de Infectologia - Unifenas-BH

Hospital Eduardo de Menezes-FHEMIG

Page 2: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

❑ Gestante:❑ Evolução da doença durante a gravidez

❑ Criança:

❑ Risco de transmissão

❑ Toxicidade dos medicamentos

Por que preocupar?

Page 3: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Hepatite B piora na gravidez?

Page 4: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

❑ População: 35 gestantes e 140 controles pareados

❑ 66% HBeAg positivo

Piora na gravidez?Progressão da doença

❑ Não houve descompensaçãoclínica nem óbito.

❑ Elevação ALT, principalmente no pós-parto (p=0,007).

❑ Perda de HBe: 14,3% gestantes x 2,2% controle (p=0,02)

Tan et al. Hepatol International, 2008;2:370-375.

Page 5: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Piora na gravidez?“Flares”

❑ Alteração imunológicas durante a gestação e pós-parto.

❑ Mais comuns no pós-parto (25%) do que durante a gestação.

❑ Mais comuns em pacientes HBeAg+ (OR 2,5)

❑ Pode resultar em clareamento HBeAg.

Lin HH et al., J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006; Giles M et al. Gut, 2015

Page 6: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Piora na gravidez?Recomendações

❑ Não ocorre piora da doença hepatica na maioria das mulheresdurante a gravidez;

❑ Relato de casos de exacerbações e insuficiência hepatica fulminante.

❑ Importante monitorar exames do perfil hepático tanto de gestantes quanto de puérperas: avaliação trimestral

Rawal BK, et al. Lancet. 1991; Yang YB, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; Mahtab MA, et al. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2008;

Page 7: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Transmissão materno-infantil

Page 8: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Como ocorre a transmissão?

❑ Intra-utero

❏ Muito rara (< 10%)

❏ Associada com altos níveis HBV-DNA ou ameaça de abortamento/trabalho parto prematuro

❑ Parto

❏ HBeAg + : 85%

❏ HBeAg - : 31%

Wang Z, et al. J Med Virol. 2003; Beasley RP, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1977

Page 9: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Como reduzir transmissão?

Page 10: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Como reduzir transmissão?Meta-análise: 26 ensaios clínicos

Intervenção Relative Risk (95% CI)

Placebo ou sem intervenção 1.00

HBIG 0.50 (0.41-0.06)

Vacinação HBV 0.28 (0.20-0.40)

Vacinação HBV + HBIG 0.08 (0.03-0.17)

Mesmo com imunização ativa-passiva, transmissão ocorre emum subgrupo de pacientes.

Lee C, et al. BMJ. 2006;332:328-336.

Page 11: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Como reduzir transmissão?

Intervenção Imunização

passiva

Imunização

passiva + ativa

Transmissão (%) 28% 5%

Ranger-Rogez S, et al. Expert Rev Ant Infect Ther. 2004; del Canho R, et al. Vaccine. 1997

Papel HBV DNA na transmissão

HBV DNA < 1,1 x 107 IU/mL = 0% transmissão

HBV DNA > 1,1 x 107 IU/mL = 32% transmissão

Page 12: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

HBeAg positivo (n = 61)

4 transmissões (6,6%)

138 mulheres HBsAg positivo, HBV DNA–positivo

Imunização ativa/passiva

HBeAg negativo (n = 77)

0 transmissão (0%)

HBV DNA cutoff: 108 copias/mL (1,7 x 107 UI/ml)

Wiseman E, et al. Med J Aust. 2009;190:489-492

Como reduzir transmissão?

Page 13: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Como reduzir transmissão?

Page 14: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Todos RN receberam vacina e HBIG

Xu WM, et al. J Viral Hepat. 2009;16:94-103.

LAM 100 mg/day (n = 56)

Placebo (n= 59)

32 ± 2 semanas gestação 4 semanaspós-parto

Gestantes HBsAg+, HBV DNA >

~ 8.3 log10 IU/mL

(N = 115)

Status RN 52 sem, % LAM (n = 56) Placebo (n = 59) P

HBsAg positive (ITT) 18% 39% .014

Como reduzir transmissão?

Page 15: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Como reduzir transmissão?Uso de lamivudina

Meta análise: 10 ensaios clínicos randomizados (n=951)

- Desfecho:

- HBsAg+ nascimento: OR=0,38 (0,15–0,94) (p=0,04)

- HBsAg+ 9-12 meses de vida: OR=0,31 (0,15-0,63, P <0.01)

Shi Z et al. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(1):147-159.

Page 16: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

0

20

40

60

Infa

nts

wit

h H

Bs

Ag

+ i

n V

en

ou

s B

loo

d,

%

Infants’ HBsAg status at birth

P <.001

LAM use

in the 2T

Untreated

group

0

11.8

24.4

0

30.4

8.7

Infants’ HBsAg status at the age of 28 weeks

11/45 8/9214/119 28/92

P =0.003

P =0.004

LAM use

in the 3T

Jiang HX, et al. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2012

Como reduzir transmissão?Uso de lamivudina

256 gestantes

HBe+

CV > 200.000 UI/ml

Page 17: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

▪ Median end-of-treatment viral load was lower in the TDF group

▪ – LAM: 5.37 log10 IU/mL (95% CI: 5.17-5.83)

▪ – TDF: 4.24 log10 IU/mL (95% CI: 3.71-4.93), P =0.005)

▪ Inadequate viral suppression (end-of-treatment HBV DNA >7 log10 IU/mL) was seen in the 5/25 mothers treated with LAM vs 0/7 in the TDF group

Lawler J, et al. AASLD 2011; Poster #1117.

Serum HBV DNA Prior to Prophylaxis and At-Delivery

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

107 IU/mL

LamivudineH

BV

DN

A,

log

10

IU/m

L

Baseline End-of-Treatment

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13Tenofovir

107 IU/mL

HB

V D

NA

, lo

g10

IU/m

L

Baseline End-of-Treatment

Como reduzir transmissão?Uso de TDF

Page 18: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Multi-center, prospective, randomized, controlled study of 200 mothers in China

HBeAg-positive mothers with

HBV DNA levels > 200,000

IU/mL (media 8 log UI/ml)

TDF

1:1 Randomization

Primary endpoint

Baseline at

30–32 Weeks

of

Pregnancy

Week 4

after birth

Week 28

after birth

Delivery Week 24

after birth

Screened at

28 weeks of

pregnancy

All infants

received

HBIg and

vaccine

All infants

received

HBIg and

vaccine

All infants

received

HBV

vaccine

No treatment

Como reduzir transmissão?Uso de TDF

Pan, NEJM, 2016;

Page 19: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

▪ Perfil de segurança semelhantes

▪ Sem diferença em malformações congêntias

– 2.11% (n=2) TDF, 1.14% (n=1) controle, P=1.00

0

6,82

0

5

10

15

20

TDF No treatment

MT

CT

ra

te, %

MTCT Rate at Postpartum Week 28 (PP)

6/880/92

5,16

18,0

0

5

10

15

20

TDF No treatment

MT

CT

ra

te, %

MTCT Rate at Postpartum Week 28 (ITT)

18/1005/97*

ITT, intent to treat; MTCT, mother to infant transmission; PP, per protocol

Pan, NEJM, 2016; 374:2324-34

Como reduzir transmissão?Uso de TDF

Page 20: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

❑ Via de parto não se relaciona com a taxa de transmissão

❑ Não existe indicação para cesárea eletiva

Wang J, et al. Chin Med J. 2002; Yang J, et al. Virol J. 2008.

Como reduzir transmissão?Via de parto

Page 21: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

❑ HBV pode ser detectado no leite materno

❑ Neonatos imunizados podem amamentar

❑ Interromper se presença de fissuras e sangramentos.

❑ Análogos de nucleosídeos podem ser detectados no leitematerno

Linnemann CC, et al. Lancet. 1974; Beasley et al. Lancet, 1975; Lee et al. J Infect Dis, 1978; Hill JB, et al. Obstet Gynecol. 2002; Cornberg M, et al. J Viral Hepat. 2008; Johnson MA, et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999.

Como reduzir transmissão?Amamentação

Page 22: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

É seguro para a criança?

Page 23: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Riscos de toxicidadeCLASSIFICAÇÃO FDA

Drug Pregnancy

Category

PegIFN alfa-2a C

Adefovir C

Entecavir C

Lamivudina C

Telbivudina B

Tenofovir B

Page 24: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Riscos de toxicidade

Medicamento Malformações neonatais/

nascidos vivos

(1o trimestre)

Malformações neonatais/

nascidos vivos

(2o e 3o trimestre)

Adefovir 0 (0/48) 0 (0/0)

Entecavir 0 (1/50) 0 (0/2)

Lamivudina 3,1 (135/4273) 2,8 (198/6989)

Telbivudina 0 (0/10) 0 (0/14)

Tenofovir 2,3 (42/1800) 2,2 (20/894)

Risco de malformações população geral (por 100 nascidos vivos): 2,72 (2,68-2,76)

Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry

Page 25: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Wen, AASLD 2017, Poster 1216

TDF

N=55

Control

N=43P-value

Rate of chronic HBV, n,

(%)1 (1.8) 4 (9.3) 0.17

Growth indices

Z-scores. Weight-for-age 0.3 ± 0.9 0.2 ± 0.9 0.75

Z-scores. Height-for-age 0.2 ± 1.1 0.3 ± 1.0 0.51

Bone Metabolism Markers

Serum Ca (mmol/L) 2.7 ± 0.5 2.6 ± 0.1 0.15

Serum P (mg/dL) 5.2 ± 0.6 5.16 ± 0.6 0.54

Serum BsAP (μg/L) 69.1 ± 20.4 66.9 ± 21.2 0.62

Serum calcidiol (mg/mL) 34.6 ± 10.2 33.9 ± 8.4 0.74

Bone Mineral Density N=24 N=18

Age ≥4 years (g/cm2)0.6 ± 0.1

n=11

0.6 ± 0.0

n=130.81

Age 2-3 years (g/cm2)0.5 ± 0.1

n=13

0.5 ± 0.1

n=50.90

Parâmetros pediátricos

Riscos de toxicidadeUso pré-natal

Page 26: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

Riscos de toxicidadeAMAMENTAÇÃO

Níveis de TDF no leite materno de nutrizes em uso da medicação

Erturk, AASLD 2018, 431

8879

93

50

116 116

58 62

88

163

134

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ng

/mL

Patient

Concentration of TFV in maternal bloodMedian: 88 ng/mL

Concentration of TFV in breast milk

Median: 7 ng/mL

7 5 4 5 8 7 7 6 5 10 7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ng

/mL

Patient

Concentração

plasmática nos

neonates: 0 ng/mL

Page 27: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

❑ Ausência de fibrose avançada

❏ Tratamento após gestação.

❏ Avaliar profilaxia no 3º trimestre, se viremia alta (> 200.000 UI/ml)

❑ Fibrose avançada/cirrose:

❏ Tratar antes, durante e após a gravidez.

❏ Trocar ETV por TDF durante a gravidez.

RECOMENDAÇÕES PARA MULHERES QUE DESEJAM ENGRAVIDAR

EASL, 2017

Page 28: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

• Tratamento deve ser considerado utilizando-se tenofovir no 3o

trimestre em gestantes com alta carga viral (200.000 UI/ml).

• Iniciar na semana 24-28 e manter por pelo menos 12 semanaspós-parto.

• Amamentação não é contra-indicada (AAP, CDC)

RECOMENDAÇÕES DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO

Page 29: Hepatite B e gravidez - ameci.org.br€¦ · Week 4 after birth Week 28 after birth Delivery Week 24 after birth Screened at 28 weeks of pregnancy All infants received HBIg and vaccine

❑ Prevenir é melhor do que remediar:

❏ Vacinação amplamente disponível

❑ Importante fazer uma discussão pré-concepção.

❑ Monitorar atentamente o perfil hepático durante a gestação

e puerpério.

❑ Indicar profilaxia no 3º trimestre se carga viral elevada.

CONCLUSÃO