HEADER / FOOTER INFORMATION (SUCH AS PRIVATE / CONFIDENTIAL)

Panel 5: Simulations and Training

Go for Lunar Landing: From Terminal Descent to TouchdownMarch 5, 2008 - Tempe, AZ

Henry HoehNorthrop Grumman CorporationIntegrated System - Bethpage, NY

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Apollo Lunar Module Design Evolution

• Proposal Design was a Starting Point for Additional Development• Mockups, Simulations and Test Articles Helped Drive Design:

• Optimize Human Machine Interfaces (HMI)• Optimize CONOPS• Provide Crew Training

• Simulations:• Validated GN&C Operational Performance• Validated Crew Interaction with the GN&C Hardware/Software• Provided Crew Mission Training• Performed Stand-by Mission Support• Performed Flight Anomaly Resolution

Proposal 1963 1965 Final

Original LM Cabin with Seats

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Apollo LM Mockups, Test Models, Test Articles, Sims & Flight Vehicles

M-1 Controller tests TM-1 InteriorTM-1 Lunar Access TestsLTA-8 Vacuum Test

Flying Simulator

1/6 Descent Stage LandingStability Drop Test Article

M-5 Mobility Tests

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Apollo LM Mockups, Test Models, Test Articles, Sims & Flight Vehicles (cont.)

6 Mockups (M) 15 Test Models (TM) 6+ Simulations (4+ Grumman,1+ NASA, 1+ Draper) 8 Lunar Module Test Articles (LTA) 5 LLRV/LLTVs LM Rendezvous & Docking Simulator

NASA CSM & LM Simulators

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Apollo Lunar Module Full Mission Engineering Simulator (FMES)

Cockpit Mockup

Flight Attitude Table

Artist Paints Crater Details for Simulator Lunar Surface

Optical Alignment of Lunar Surface Representations in Simulator

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Apollo-era Outpost Concept

Full-Scale Lunar Laboratory at Grumman Facility in Calverton, NY

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Example of Modern Sim (& GN&C) Tech F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) STOVL Config

Modern Design & Technology Implied to a Vertical Landing Vehicle Simulators Very Representative of Flight Vehicle GN&C Design Employs Dynamic Inversion & Multi-Variable Control Not Suggesting the F-35 Be Used as a LLTV