Helsinki University of TechnologyInternal Combustion Engine Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory– Located in the Department of Mechanical

Engineering and in the Group of Vehicle Engineering

– The only university level research and education unit for advanced engine technology in Finland

– Personnel in 2006: 7+8+5

Courses 2007-2008

· Experimental Methods (BSc) 5 cr

· Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (MSc) 5 cr· Piston Engine Technology (MSc) 5 cr· Simulation of Internal Combustion (MSc) 5 cr· Laboratory Exersizes (MSc) 5 cr

· Advanced Spray Combustion Modeling (PhD) 10 cr· Engine Combustion Diagnostics (PhD) 10 cr· Post Graduate Seminar (PhD) 5 cr

Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory

Main research interests

· In-cylinder physical phenomena: spray, combustion and emission formation, computational and experimental research

· Engine performance development, computational and experimental research

· Piston technology, thermal load, tribology computational and experimental research

Diesel Combustion andJohn Dec’s conceptual model

Performance Simulation,1D-fluid mechanics, turbocharging

Combustion Modeling with CFD,3-d fluid mechanics with spray,

combustion and emission sub-models

Optical Diagnostics,PIV/LIF measurements in HUT

Double-pulse Nd-Yag laser and high speed camcordersand analyzing software

Optical access in engine

New Unique Research Engine, EVE

IEA Combustion AgreementMeeting in Helsinki 2004

Polttoainesuihkun dynamiikka2004-2006

· Yhteistyöhanke ja tutkijanvaihtoa

· Polttoainesuihkun fysiikka erityisesti lähellä suutinta

SAE Paper 2003-01-3231

Martti Larmi, Jukka Tiainen Helsinki University of Technology

Diesel Spray Simulation and KH-RT Wave Model

Fuel Spray, exp. and simulated

KH-RT Wave Model

RD Wave Model

SAE 2003-01-3231

Dimensionless numbers

σρ ru

We rg2

=

rOh

l

lσρµ

=

σρ ruWe rl

l2

=

l

rll

ruReµ

ρ=ll ReWeOh /=

SAE 2003-01-3231

Breakup Regimes

Breakup regime Weber numberDeformation and flattening …12Bag breakup 12…80Boundary layer or “shear” breakup 80…Stretching and thinning 80…350Catastrophic breakup 350…

Table from Lee and Reitz, 2000

SAE 2003-01-3231

Bag Breakup

Picture from Lefebre: Atomization and sprays, 1989

SAE 2003-01-3231

Streching and thinning

Picture from Lee and Reitz, 2000

SAE 2003-01-3231

Catastrophic Breakup

Picture from Lee and Reitz, 2000

SAE 2003-01-3231

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

Distance downstream nozzle [mm]

SM

D [ µ

m]KH-RTRD

SAE 2003-01-3231

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Distance from spray axis [mm]

SM

D [ µ

m]KH-RTRDExperimental

SAE 2003-01-3231

SAE 2003-01-3231

SAE Paper 2006-01-1390

Ville Vuorinen, Martti Larmi, Eero Antila, Ossi Kaario Helsinki University of TechnologyEssam El-Hannouny, Sreenath GuptaArgonne National Laboratory

Near Nozzle Diesel Spray Modeling and X-Ray Measurements

Argonne National Laboratories,X-Ray Measurements

SAE 2006-01-1390

Early Injection Phase Fuel Mass Distribution

SAE 2006-01-1390

−500 0 5000

1

2

3

y (µ m)Mas

s o

n t

he

Pix

el A

rea

(µ g

)

−−=theory: round liquid tubez=0.20mmz=0.80mmz=2.00mmz=10.00mm

(a) 0.4ms

−500 0 5000

1

2

3

y (µ m)

(b) 0.8ms

−500 0 5000

1

2

3

y (µ m)

(c) 1.5ms

−500 0 5000

1

2

3

y (µ m)

(d) 2.7ms

Fuel Mass Distribution, X-Ray

SAE 2006-01-1390

Droplet SMD, CAB model

−0.5 0 0.50

0.2

0.4

0.6 (a) 75µ s

CAB

Cλ=5.5

y (cm)

z (c

m)

µ m

20

40

60

80

100

−0.5 0 0.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

(b) 0.15ms

−0.5 0 0.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

(c) 0.4ms

−0.5 0 0.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

(d) 1.2ms

SAE 2006-01-1390

Droplet SMD, KHRT

−0.5 0 0.50

0.2

0.4

0.6 (a) 75µ s

KHRT

C3=4.0

y (cm)

z (c

m)

µ m

20

40

60

80

100

−0.5 0 0.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

(b) 0.15ms

−0.5 0 0.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

(c) 0.4ms

−0.5 0 0.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

(d) 1.2ms

SAE 2006-01-1390

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 40

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Mas

s (µ

g)

y (mm)

o− = CAB/Cλ=5.5

.− = KHRT/C3=5.33

* = experimental peak

values and errorbars

by El−Hannouny et al.

SAE 2003−01−3150

z∼ 0.5−1.0mm

z∼ 2.0−3.0mm

z∼ 10.0mm

SAE 2006-01-1390