HELSINKI COMMISSION HELCOM MONAS 19/2013

Monitoring and Assessment Group 19th Meeting Helsinki, Finland, 19-22 November 2013

Note by Secretariat: FOR REASONS OF ECONOMY, THE DELEGATES ARE KINDLY REQUESTED TO BRING THEIR OWN COPIES OF THE DOCUMENTS TO THE MEETING Page 1 of 1

Agenda Item 4 Marine monitoring, quality assurance and data

Document code: 4/1

Date: 25.09.2013

Submitted by: HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group

REPORT OF HELCOM WORKSHOP AND TRAINING COURSE ON PHYTOPLANKTON

This document contains the report of the HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group (PEG) workshop and training course on phytoplankton, which was held in Gdynia, Poland on 8 – 12 April 2013.

The main messages from HELCOM PEG to MONAS are summarised in the document, and the following are of particular relevance for the HELCOM MONAS:

− At the MONAS meeting in autumn 2012, Denmark has not accepted the use of the agreed biovolume factors published by Olenina et al. (2006) and the latest updated biovolume file. HELCOM PEG continues to state that the latest biovolume file, confirmed by ICES, shall be used, since using harmonized taxonomy and biovolumes is essential for the quality assurance and comparability of Baltic Sea phytoplankton data. HELCOM PEG thinks it is very important to have a Danish representative in HELCOM PEG and invites Denmark, as well as Russia, to the 2014 HELCOM PEG meeting.

− Many PEG members are involved in different indicator projects. HELCOM PEG will function as a communication platform for the members concerning phytoplankton indicators and a presentation and discussion session will be included in the workshop program every year and will be documented in the minutes from the workshop. However, HELCOM PEG has no possibility to develop or evaluate new phytoplankton indicators in projects as HELCOM CORESET etc. due to lack of financial funding for these activities.

Further, HELCOM PEG requests that:

− A taxonomic reference list should be added at the end of the HELCOM COMBINE Manual, Annex C6 (see Annex 5 of this report).

− The web site for HELCOM PEG should be updated, with information from the HELCOM PEG group.

The Meeting is invited to:

− take note of the report of HELCOM PEG, especially the messages for MONAS and the Secretariat,

− encourage Denmark as well as Russia to participate in the work of HELCOM PEG,

− discuss how HELCOM PEG might be better involved in the activities of HELCOM, e.g. development of indicators,

− agree on updating the COMBINE Manual with the taxonomic reference list contained in Annex 5 of the PEG report.

REPORT OF HELCOM WORKSHOP AND TRAINING COURSE ON PHYTOPLANKTON Gdynia, Poland 8 – 12 April 2013 HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group (PEG)

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Message to HELCOM MONAS

• At the MONAS meeting in autumn 2012, Denmark has not accepted the use of the agreed biovolume factors published by Olenina et al. (2006) and the latest updated biovolume file. HELCOM PEG continues to state that the latest biovolume file, confirmed by ICES, shall be used, since using harmonized taxonomy and biovolumes is essential for the quality assurance and comparability of Baltic Sea phytoplankton data. HELCOM PEG thinks it is very important to have a Danish representative in HELCOM PEG and invites Denmark, as well as Russia, to the 2014 HELCOM PEG meeting.

• Many PEG members are involved in different indicator projects. HELCOM PEG will function as a communication platform for the members concerning phytoplankton indicators and a presentation and discussion session will be included in the workshop program every year and will be documented in the minutes from the workshop. However, HELCOM PEG has no possibility to develop or evaluate new phytoplankton indicators in projects as HELCOM CORESET etc. due to lack of financial funding for these activities.

• An intercalibration about methodological issues in counting filamentous and single celled species was performed in autumn 2012 by the HELCOM PEG. The preliminary results were presented at the meeting and the report will be finalized in summer 2013.

• PEG intends to invite Ms. Heidi Hällfors and Ms. Anke Kremp, Finland, as teachers for the PEG training course in 2014, which will be held in Finland.

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Message to HELCOM secretariat

Change in the HELCOM COMBINE manual (Annex C6): Due to an update of the ICES web-server, the link to the latest HELCOM PEG biovolume (in references) should be changed to: http://www.ices.dk/marine-data/vocabularies/Documents/PEG_BVOL.zip.

Addition to HELCOM COMBINE manual (Annex C6): A taxonomic reference list should be added at the end of the Guidelines (see Annex 5 of this report).

The web site for HELCOM PEG should be updated, with information from the HELCOM PEG group.

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Opening of the workshop

The co-chair of the HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group (PEG), Mr. Norbert Wasmund from the Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Germany, opened the meeting. The host, Ms. Janina Kownacka from the National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Poland, gave organizational information. A short presentation of the participants followed. The list of participants is attached as Annex 1 to this report.

Election of the rapporteur, adoption of agenda

Ms. Sirpa Lehtinen from the Finnish Environment Institute, Finland, and Ms. Helena Höglander from the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden, were elected as rapporteurs of the meeting. The agenda, accepted with minor changes made during the meeting, is added in Annex 2.

Information about last year’s activity

Mr. Norbert Wasmund presented the report on activities since the 2012 PEG meeting. An extract of his presentation is given in Annex 3.

Phytoplankton training course A training course is yearly arranged at the PEG workshop to maintain continuity in phytoplankton identification and counting. This year, Mr. Øjvind Moestrup from the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, held a training course on Haptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Dictyochophyceae and Pfiesteriaceae. Both live cultures of different species and Lugol preserved samples were presented. Some samples brought by PEG members were analysed. Images of phytoplankton organisms brought by participants were also shown and identified. The presentation of Mr. Øjvind Moestrup was given to the host Ms. Janina Kownacka, who will distribute it to all participants after changing it into pdf-format. Results of the last year’s intercalibration test The results of the 22 participants and the preliminary analysis were presented by Ms. Evelina Griniene from the Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Lithuania. The test was performed during summer/autumn 2012 and focused on methodological issues. The filamentous Nodularia spumigena (100x magnification) and the smaller Rhodomonas sp. (200 x magnification) were counted by the participants in three replicates in the areas half chamber, 4 stripes, 2 stripes and 50 fields using 10 ml and 25 ml chambers.

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The main results:

1. In both test species Rhodomonas sp. and Nodularia spumigena, 25 ml volume samples resulted in lower mean values and variability of individual counting’s around the abundance means compared to 10 ml volume samples.

2. For Rhodomonas sp., both counting method and sample volume affected significantly the abundance result.

3. For Nodularia spumigena, only the sample volume affected significantly the abundance results.

4. In case of test species Rhodomonas sp. and Nodularia spumigena, half chamber counting method resulted in lower mean values and variability of individual countings around the abundance means compared to counting methods of 50 fields, 2 stripes or 4 stripes.

5. It is important that the algae cultures remain unchanged during the intercalibration test period. A stability test has been done, and the result was that cultures remained unchanged during the intercalibration period.

6. Final report will be ready in summer 2013.

The intercalibration results were discussed, and PEG members agreed: 1. A new homogeneity test for Rhodomonas sp. will be performed on remaining

sample bottles (by Ms. Irina Olenina) to complement the incomplete Rhodomonas homogeneity test.

2. Using the 25 ml chamber seems to be better than using 10 ml chamber, but the recommendations will be discussed in the next year’s PEG meeting when the final report is available.

3. Non-PEG members will be marked in the results figures of the report. 4. The intercalibration test method was discussed and improvements will be

considered for up-coming intercalibrations. 5. The intercalibration test results could be taken into account when giving

recommendations for normal acceptable variance for monitoring results. Planning of the next intercalibration test It was agreed that HELCOM PEG intercalibration tests will continue to focus on testing variability caused by differences in methods with the aim of improving the HELCOM COMBINE guidance. It was agreed that the virtual ProfTest of SYKE and other separate tests should be used to test the proficiency of analysts. The planning of the next intercalibration was postponed to next meeting when the final results from 2012 year´s test are available. The focus will though be on methodological issues. The set-up of the next test depends on what questions should be clarified with the test. A statistician should be involved early in the planning. Suggestions discussed was to refine the 2012 test and only use 25 ml chambers but to count more replicates per participants or to test the influence of number of cells actually counted or the method of mixing the sample by turning the bottle.

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Review on species synonyms and updating of the biovolume file - Development and review of the database by the ICES data centre representative

Ms. Marilynn Sørensen from ICES started the discussion on data quality and the development of the database. To be able to harmonize the PEG biovolume list with WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species, www.marinespecies.org), PEG must use the two new columns added to biovolume list last year: (1) Aphia ID, information found on the WoRMS internet page, and the other column is (2) Aphia link (link to WoRMS web page for a specific Aphia ID). It was agreed that Mr. Andres Jaanus from the Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia, will be the responsible contact person towards ICES concerning the PEG biovolume list.

The summary of discussion and final remarks delivered by Ms. Marilynn Sørensen for the meeting report is given below:

AlgaeBase and WoRMS have made an agreement for updating species to WoRMS. All accepted species in AlgaeBase have now received an Aphia ID and are incorporated into WoRMS. Because of copyright issues, AlgaeBase species information will not be included in the WoRMS download. ICES will use the WoRMS web service to check Aphia IDs. Since the PEG biovolume report will use Aphia IDs (as agreed at the 2012 meeting) there will not be any copyright issues with AlgaeBase.

AlgaeBase and WoRMS have been synchronized. There are still a few outstanding issues concerning species information, so coordination between the two databases will be an ongoing task. Any missing species or differing information should be reported to WoRMS. The ICES Data Centre will contact WoRMS on behalf of PEG. As agreed at PEG 2012, the synonym template should be used when informing ICES of discrepancies. Discussion at the meeting showed that a new column for synonyms would be helpful for the PEG group. This “Synonym” column will be added as the last column in biovolume file 2013, but it will not be added to the ICES database. Ms. Marilynn Sørensen informed that ICES has changed the server and the link to the HELCOM PEG biovolume file has therefore been changed to: http://www.ices.dk/marine-data/vocabularies/Documents/PEG_BVOL.zip. Ms. Marilynn Sørensen will set up a share point site at ICES for communication between ICES and HELCOM PEG. Files to include on this site are the working version of PEG_BVOL-file, latest official Biovolume file, synonym template and update procedure documents. Access to the site should only be available for active PEG-members. (A list of E-mail addresses to the active PEG-members will be sent to Ms. Marilynn Sørensen).

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Review of species synonyms and general questions to the update of the biovolume file The PEG group and the ICES representative Ms. Marilynn Sørensen discussed and decided:

1. Ms. Marie Johansen from SMHI, Sweden will do a survey to find out if it is needed to add “Unknown trophic stage” into the list. Ms. Marilynn Sørensen informed that it is possible to leave the TROPHY column blank if the trophy is unknown, but it is preferable to have a known trophy. Ms. Marie Johansen will set up a questionnaire that will be sent out to the PEG-group. It will include questions about how trophy is decided by the PEG members if trophy is uncertain. The results will be presented and discussed at next year’s meeting and should result in a recommendation to the guideline.

2. Using unidentified counting units such as “unicells” or “flagellates” is problematic since there is no Aphia ID for unidentified counting units. Still, it is necessary to have the abundance and biomass of unidentified counting units to get correct total results. Ms. Marilynn Sørensen informed that unicells, as well as flagellates, will be handled separate by the ICES database check and ICES will allow continued reporting of these even if they do not have Aphia ID. The change of name “unicell” would require a change in the data already submitted in the database, something that ICES dislikes. If the PEG group wants to change the name and use something else instead (i.e. “unidentified”), “unicell” should be marked as non-accepted and be moved to the non-accepted worksheet and new items should be created in the biovolume file for the new name. PEG decided to continue with the name “unicell” and “flagellates”.

3. Name Chaetoceros convolutus and Chaetoceros concavicornis will be used until we have more scientific information about which name is correct to use.

4. Size overlap of Nitzschia longissima and Cylindrotheca closterium will be checked from literature by Ms. Marie Johansen.

5. The formulas and size classes of diatoms had been checked by Ms. Susanne Busch from the Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Germany. The changes will be included into the updated PEG biovolume list 2013. For centric diatoms the diameter should be written before the height in the size range column and for pennate diatoms first the height and then the length should be shown.

6. The taxonomical hierarchy and higher level names was discussed with Mr. Øjvind Moestrup, who will be in contact with AlgaeBase. Changes and updates of the taxonomical hierarchy and higher level names must be done first in AlgaeBase and then in WoRMS. The HELCOM PEG wants to continue to use the botanical higher taxonomy in the biovolume file. Since Algaebase and WoRMS use the zoological taxonomy ICES should contact them and ask them to change.

7. Addition made after the meeting: To harmonize with WoRMS variety should be changed from “v.” to “var.” in the biovolume file. ICES are asked to make a global change to change “v.” to ”var.” in the PEG list and in all submitted monitoring data based on PEG_BVOL.

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Update of the PEG biovolume list

Corrections to the PEG biovolume file (new species and size classes, size ranges etc.) were sent from the PEG members to Ms. Annely Heinala, University of Tartu, Estonia, before the meeting. Ms. Annely Heinala added the suggestions in the PEG biovolume list and presented them to the PEG group. The approved additions were inserted into the biovolume file after thorough discussion by the group. New species were added if images and descriptions were presented by the PEG-members suggesting the addition. A lot of Finnish coastal species and size classes are still missing from the PEG list. Ms. Sirpa Lehtinen will ask analysts who count Finnish coastal samples to send pictures, samples and basic information from literature for the new species which they are proposing to be included into the PEG biovolume list (to be added in 2014 biovolume file).

It was agreed that:

1. Ms. Marie Johansen will send a questionnaire to collect information on who are counting different heterotrophs, cysts etc., and this will be discussed in the next meeting when we will decide which of these will be counted and included into the PEG list. This should also result in a recommendation in the HELCOM Guidelines.

2. Urosolenia longiseta will be used instead of Rhizosolenia longiseta. Ms. Irina Olenina from the Department of Marine Research of Environmental Protection Agency, Lithuania, will inform Ms. Marilynn Sørensen about this synonym issue.

3. Before the meeting members had added synonyms to the PEG Biovolume file according to a list provided by Mr. Bengt Karlson, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Since the Aphia IDs were not available in WoRMS for all the species in the biovolume file, corresponding reference number and links to Algaebase had been included in the biovolume file by the PEG-members before the meeting instead of the Aphia IDs and Aphia links. All this information must be deleted and be replaced by the correct Aphia IDs and Aphia links. Ms. Marie Johansen will check with a consultant at SMHI if he can extract all the Aphia IDs and Aphia links from the WoRMS database, to be added to the PEG_BVOL2013. If this is easily done, Aphia IDs and Aphia links will be added to the PEG_BVOL2013-file. If it requires more effort, this will instead be postponed to the PEG_BVOL2014-file.

4. It was discussed if the PEG biovolume list needs a critical revision by all PEG members before it finally is sent to ICES.

Mr. Andres Jaanus will send the updated file to Ms. Marilynn Sørensen at ICES. Phytoplankton indicator work Ms. Marie Johansen presented the ongoing phytoplankton indicator work in the HELCOM CORESET Biodiversity group and in OSPAR. She presented also work of some persons who are involved in the indicator work in different projects, such as the EU

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MARMONI project and the Swedish project WATERS (Waterbody Assessment Tools for Ecological Reference conditions and status in Sweden). Mr. Andres Jaanus represented the indicator work performed in the MARMONI project with focus on the reference envelope method by using dinoflagellates, diatoms, cyanobacteria and Mesodinium rubrum biomass data which had been sent earlier to him by PEG members as agreed in last year’s meeting. It was pointed out that the influences of seasonality must be taken into account when analyzing data. Mr. Norbert Wasmund started the discussion about the importance of phytoplankton indicator development work. For example, the use of diatom/dinoflagellate ratio as an indicator was discussed in more detail. It was pointed out that this ratio has a consequence on functioning of the food web, but the ratio during spring bloom is difficult to measure if only monthly samples are taken during spring. Silicate consumption during spring may serve as a proxy for diatom growth estimations. HELCOM PEG has not the possibility to develop or to evaluate new phytoplankton indicators. Many PEG members are though involved in indicator works in different projects. It was agreed that PEG will share information and discuss shortly the on-going indicator work yearly at the meetings and write the conclusions of this discussion in the protocol. PEG will create a list of indicators from which the PEG members are aware of, this year based on the presentation that Ms. Marie Johansen presented at the meeting (see Annex 4). Presentation of Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheet “Cyanobacterial bloom indicator” The 17th meeting of the HELCOM Monitoring and Assessment Group (HELCOM MONAS 17/2012) decided that "HELCOM indicator fact sheets" should be renamed as “Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets” (BSEFSs) to differentiate them from HELCOM CORESET Indicators, which are used for follow-up of the Baltic Sea Action Plan. The 2012 “Cyanobacteria bloom indicator” was accepted by MONAS and uploaded to HELCOM web site: http://www.helcom.fi/BSAP_assessment/ifs/ifs2012/en_GB/CyanobacteriaBiomass/. It was agreed that PEG will continue work with the BSEFS “Cyanobacterial bloom indicator”, and thus the PEG members will send total biomass data of genera Nodularia, Aphanizomenon and Anabaena to Mr. Norbert Wasmund before end of June. In the fact sheet only June-August data is included but data from longer period can also be sent to Mr. Wasmund. Denmark is invited to deliver cyanobacteria data, too. New images to be added to the HELCOM PEG phytoplankton image gallery Before the meeting PEG members had prepared pictures to be added to HELCOM PEG image gallery at www.nordicmicroalgae.org. This year focus was on diatoms. All

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pictures (marked with species name, owner’s initials) were presented on the screen and validated by all members. All together 192 diatoms pictures were picked out to be uploaded to the image gallery. In 2014, focus will be on dinoflagellates.

Excursion 11 April

The 11th of April a guided excursion to Żuławy area with many large stork nests and hydro technical constructions (locks on Vistula river and its tributaries, drawbridge) was done. Links to website about “Stork-online” are www.bociany.ec.pl and www.bocianyonline.pl.

Presentation of application of molecular methods, with emphasis on fluorescence in situ hybridization, for identification of nano- and picoplanktonic organisms

Ms. Kasia Piwosz (National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Poland) presented the principles of the molecular fluorescence in situ hybridization method (FISH), for identification of nano- and picoplanktonic organisms. Potential future application on Baltic phytoplankton was presented and discussed in the group.

Updating common reference list in HELCOM Guidelines

An update of the former taxonomic reference list in the HELCOM Guidelines was presented by Ms. Helena Höglander. It was decided that only references to books should be included in the list (see Annex 5). A link to the HELCOM image gallery at www.nordicmicroalgae.org, with images validated by HELCOM PEG, was added.

New project proposal 2014-2016

The new project for 2014-2016 was submitted to HELCOM MONAS in autumn 2012. At the time of the meeting MONAS had not yet decided for the new project.

Tasks before the next meeting

Tasks to take care of before the next meeting:

• Add synonyms to the biovolume file and move old non-accepted names to non-accepted sheet (and add Aphia ID and Aphia link). Also size range information should be harmonized. This work should be divided into working groups: 1) Ms. Janina Kownacka, Ms. Irina Olenina, Ms. Iveta Jurgensone – cyanobacteria; 2) Ms. Marie Johansen, Mr. Lars Edler – dinoflagellates; 3) Ms. Susanne Busch, Ms. Chatarina Karlsson and Ms. Helena Höglander – diatoms; 4) Ms. Irina Olenina, Ms. Janina Kownacka, Ms. Iveta Jurgensone – green algae; 5) Ms. Iveta Jurgensone, Ms. Janina Kownacka, Ms. Irina Olenina – euglenophytes; 6) the rest Ms. Sławomira Gromisz.

• Fill in the synonym template if Aphia ID and Aphia link is missing in WoRMS, and send the template to ICES.

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• Questionnaire: Ms. Marie Johansen will prepare a questionnaire that will be sent to the PEG group after summer. The questionnaire will include questions about: 1) Which heterotrophs are counted (based on information from 2011 questionnaire), 2) how unknown trophy is handled by the analysts, 3) if cysts/ resting spores/akinetes are counted and reported, 4) how the analysts handle if a colony contains both resting spores/stages and vegetative cells. The results will be presented at next year’s meeting and will result in a recommendation to the HELCOM COMBINE Manual.

• Ms. Helena Höglander will check the HELCOM PEG web page and send any updates to HELCOM secretary.

• Selected diatom pictures should be uploaded to www.nordicmicroalgae.org by the contributors.

• Send last year’s total biomass data of genera Nodularia, Aphanizomenon and Anabaena to Mr. Norbert Wasmund before end of June 2013.

• Write the final report on the finalized project (2011-2013).

Tasks for next meeting

Following tasks should be included in the 2014 HELCOM PEG-meeting:

• Information on last year activities. • Continuation of the Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheet “Cyanobacteria biomass

index”. • Training course on northern Baltic proper species and dinoflagellates. Invited

teacher: Ms. Heidi Hällfors and Ms. Anke Kremp. Course should preferable not be the first day, to increase the possibility for participants to settle own samples to be observed at the course.

• Planning on the next intercalibration, based on the results from PEG 2012 intercalibration.

• Discussion on data quality with ICES representative. • Updating the biovolume file with new species and size classes. All new species

should be presented with images and description at the meeting. • Updating of synonyms and higher taxonomy in biovolume file, based on

information in WoRMS. • Presentation of questionnaire about how to count heterotrophs, unknown trophy,

spores and cysts. (By Ms. Marie Johansen). This will result in a recommendation in the HELCOM Guidelines.

• Images to the HELCOM gallery at www.nordicmicroalgae.org should focus on dinoflagellates. Good, representative images should be prepared (cropped and fixed) in advance before the meeting.

• Information session about on-going indicator projects. • Any excursion should be before the actual meeting.

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HECOLM PEG meeting 2014

Next HELCOM PEG meeting will be in Finland, and will be arranged by SYKE (Finnish Environment Institute). It was decided that the meeting shall take place either in end of April or early May 2014.

Closing of the meeting

Ms. Janina Kownacka, the host of the meeting, was thanked for all the nice arrangements around the meeting and the meeting was closed by the PEG co-chair Mr. Norbert Wasmund.

Annex 1 – List of participants, HELCOM PEG workshop 2013

HELCOM PEG WORKSHOP AND TRAINING COURSE 8-12 APRIL 2013, IN GDYNIA

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS (alphabetic order): Name Address Telephone E-mail

Susanne Busch Leibniz-Inst. for Baltic Sea Research Seestr. 15 18119 Warnemünde, GERMANY

+49 381 5197212 susanne.busch@io-warnemuende.de

Maciej Dubiński Maritime Institute in Gdańsk Department of Aquatic Ecology Abrahama 1, 80-307 Gdańsk, POLAND

+48 (58) 552 00 93, 552 03 68

maciej.dubinski@im.gda.pl

Jeanette Goebel Environmental Protection Agency (LLUR), Hamburger Chaussee 25, D-24220 Flintbek, GERMANY

+49 4347 704444 Jeanette.Goebel@llur.landsh.de

Evelina Griniene

Guest

Coastal Research and Planning Institute Klaipeda University H. Manto 84 LT 92294, Klaipeda LITHUANIA

+370 63 538585 evelina@corpi.ku.lt

Sławomira Gromisz National Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kołłataja 1 PL 81-332 Gdynia POLAND

+48 587356145 grosz@mir.gdynia.pl

Regina Hansen Leibniz-Inst. for Baltic Sea Research Seestr. 15 18119 Warnemünde, GERMANY

+49 381 5197240 regina.hansen@io-warnemuende.de

Annely Heinala Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 12618 Tallinn ESTONIA

+372 6718976 annely.heinala@ut.ee

Helena Höglander Dept. of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 21 A SE – 10691 Stockholm SWEDEN

+46 8 6747551 helena.hoglander@su.se

Siv Huseby UMF/Umeå universitet Norrbyn 90571 Hörnefors SWEDEN

+46 90 7867967 siv.huseby@umf.umu.se

Andres Jaanus Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 12618 Tallinn ESTONIA

+372 6 718974 andres@sea.ee

Marie Johansen SMHI Oceanographic Unit Sven Källfelts gata 15 SE-426 71 Västra Frölunda SWEDEN

+46 31 7518972 marie.johansen@smhi.se

Kaire Kaljurand Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 12618 Tallinn ESTONIA

+372 6718974 kaire.Kaljurand@ut.ee

Chatarina Karlsson UMF/Umeå universitet Norrbyn 90571 Hörnefors

+46 90 7867979 chatarina.karlsson@umf.umu.se

Annex 1 – List of participants, HELCOM PEG workshop 2013

SWEDEN Justyna Kobos University of Gdańsk

Institute of Oceanography Al. Piłsudskiego 46 81-378 Gdynia POLAND

+48 585236712 justyna.kobos@univ.gda.pl

Janina Kownacka National Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kołłataja 1 PL 81-332 Gdynia POLAND

+48 587356288 janko@mir.gdynia.pl

Anna Maria Kubiszyn

Guest

Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 148, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, POLAND

+48 (58) 7311780 aniak@iopan.gda.pl

Sirpa Lehtinen Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Marine Research Centre Erik Palménin Aukio 1 P.O. Box 140 00251 Helsinki FINLAND

+358 400 148 518 sirpa.lehtinen@ymparisto.fi

Maria Łotocka

Guest

Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 148, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, POLAND

+48 (58) 7311836 lotocka@iopan.gda.pl

Øjvind Moestrup

Teacher, guest

Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Ø. Farimagsgade 21 DK-1353 Copenhagen K DENMARK

+45 3532 2290 moestrup@bio.ku.dk

Johanna Oja Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Marine Research Centre Erik Palménin Aukio 1 P.O. Box 140 00251 Helsinki FINLAND

+358 40 1823253 johanna.oja@ymparisto.fi

Irina Olenina

Department of Marine Research of Environmental Protection Agency, Lithuania Taikos 26 LT-91141 Klaipeda LITHUANIA

+370 61205120 i.olenina@aaa.am.lt

Kasia Piwosz

Guest

National Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kołłataja 1 PL 81-332 Gdynia POLAND

+48 587356288 kpiwosz@mir.gdynia.pl

Marilynn Sørensen

Guest

ICES Data Manager DENMARK

+45 33386720

marilynn@ices.dk

Agnieszka Tatarek

Guest

Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 148, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, POLAND

+48 (58) 7311780 derianna@iopan.gda.pl

Ilva Vasmane Latvian Inst. of Aquatic Ecology Marine Monitoring Centre Daugavgrivas str. 8 LV-1048 Riga LATVIA

+371 67 601995 ilva.vasmane@lhei.lv

Norbert Wasmund Leibniz-Inst. for Baltic Sea Research Seestr. 15 18119 Warnemünde,

+49 381 5197212 norbert.wasmund@io-warnemuende.de

Annex 1 – List of participants, HELCOM PEG workshop 2013

GERMANY Józef Wiktor

Guest

Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 148, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, POLAND

+48 (58) 7311785 wiktor@iopan.gda.pl

Barbara Witek University of Gdańsk Institute of Oceanography Al. Piłsudskiego 46 81-378 Gdynia POLAND

+48 58 5236656 ocebw@ug.edu.pl

Annex 2 – Agenda HELCOM PEG Workshop 2013 1 (2)

WORKSHOP AND TRAINING COURSE of the HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group

8.04.-12.04.2013 in Gdynia, Poland

AGENDA

8.04.2013, Monday 08.30-08.40 Opening of the Workshop 08.40-08.50 Election of the rapporteur, adoption of agenda. 08.50-09.30 Information on last year’s activities (Norbert Wasmund as co-chair) 09.30-10.30 Phytoplankton training course on Haptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Dictyochophyceae

and Pfiesteriaceae by Prof. Øjvind Moestrup. 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-12.30 Phytoplankton training course on Haptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Dictyochophyceae

and Pfiesteriaceae by Prof. Øjvind Moestrup. 12.30-13.30 Lunch 13.30-15.00 Phytoplankton training course on Haptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Dictyochophyceae

and Pfiesteriaceae by Prof. Øjvind Moestrup. 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-17.00 Phytoplankton training course on Haptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Dictyochophyceae

and Pfiesteriaceae by Prof. Øjvind Moestrup (our own samples for identification). 9.04.2013, Tuesday 08.30-10.30 Presentation of the intercalibration results (Evelina Griniené) 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-12.30 Discussion on the intercalibration results (Evelina Griniené + all) 12.30-13.30 Lunch 13.30-15.00 The work with the review of species synonyms and update of the biovolume file -

Development and review of the database (Marilynn Sørensen) 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-17.30 The work with the review of species synonyms and update of the biovolume file

1. Unknown trophic stage (Lars Edler / Marie Johansen) 2. Change “Unicell” to Coccoids or Miscellaneous 3. Change Chaetoceros concavicornis and C. convolutes to Chaetoceros cf. convolutes (Lars Edler / Marie Johansen) 4. Check the size overlap of Nitzschia longissima and Cylindrotheca closterium

5. Check formulas and size classes of diatoms (Susanna Busch) 6. New species or new size classes to be added in the PEG biovolume file (Annely Heinala)

19.15- Conference dinner (at the NMFRI Gdynia Aquarium) 10.04.2013, Wednesday 08.30-10.30 Cont. update of biovolume file 10.30-10.45 Coffee break 10.45-12.00 Cont. update of biovolume file 12.00-12.30 Phytoplankton indicators – remarks from Marie Johansen after HELCOM CORSET

Biodiversity meeting and experience from work in OSPAR 12.30-13.30 Lunch 13.30-14.00 Phytoplankton potential indicators (cont. Andres Jaanus) 14.00-14.30 Discussion on decreasing of the reputation of the phytoplankton as an important

component of the monitoring (Norbert Wasmund) 14.30-15.00 Presentation IFS “Cyanobacterial bloom indicator” (Norbert Wasmund) 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-17.30 New images to add to the phytoplankton image gallery in groups (focusing on

diatoms)

Annex 2 – Agenda HELCOM PEG Workshop 2013 2 (2)

11.04.2013, Thursday 09.30-17.00 Excursion to Żuławy area 12.04.2013, Friday 08.30-09.00 Application of molecular methods, with emphasis on fluorescence in situ

hybridization, for identification of nano- and picoplanktonic organisms (Kasia Piwosz)

09.00-09.30 Updating common reference list in HELCOM Guidelines (Helena Höglander) 09.30-10.30 Tasks for the next meeting. Discussion on the new project 2014-2016. 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-12.30 Tasks for the next meeting

Closing of the meeting. 12.30 Departure

Annex 3 - HELCOM PEG meeting report 2013 – last year’s activities

Last year’s activities (April 2012 – April 2013) 1. New project proposal: In spring 2013 our recent project ends. New project proposal (for 2014-2016) has been submitted to MONAS in 2012. Presentation of our project proposal at MONAS meeting (Ms. Iveta Jurgensone) was postponed to spring 2013 because HELCOM budget was not sure at that time. MONAS meeting 22-25 April 2013 has to decide on continuation of the PEG project. In order to present the latest state at that MONAS meeting, we shifted the PEG meeting to 8-12 April. Probably it is sufficient to defend our proposal via SKYPE (Mr. Norbert Wasmund). 2. HELCOM MONAS 17/2012 “welcomed the report by HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group (HELCOM PEG) (document 7/2)…”

- There is a German project on phytoplankton biovolumes (by Mr. Claus Dürselen), information will be provided to PEG.

- Proposed amendments to the COMBINE manual: Denmark disagreed because they use deviating methods for biovolume calculation. Denmark cannot accept: “While counting, the species/individuals have to be allocated to size classes according to the scheme of Olenina et al. (2006) and the latest update of its appendix”.

- PEG contributes to develop phytoplankton species composition indicators. - HELCOM MONAS 17/2012 had written “PEG has attempted to develop a phytoplankton

indicator” (?). “Phytoplankton indicators have been left out of the proposed core set of indicators”. Already HELCOM MONAS 15/2011 suggested: “The Meeting invited HELCOM PEG to better cooperate in the development of HELCOM core indicators for biodiversity and eutrophication; e.g. through participation in the HELCOM CORESET activities.”

- Denmark and Russia invited to PEG. 3. Update of biovolume file New species and size classes were added (as we did before), resulting in file PEG_BVOL2012, including corrections concerning structure in column “Size range” for Centrales (by Ms. Susanne Busch). The new file PEG_BVOL2012 was submitted to ICES (and published 27 June 2012 at ICES web-site). Recently dimension patterns (width x length) were also checked for other groups (pennate diatoms), to be discussed at PEG 2013. Preparation of a new biovolume file with new synonyms with AlgaeBase ID and URL have been prepared for the 2013 meeting (Ms. Iveta Jurgensone et al.). 4. Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheet – Cyanobacteria biomass indicator The 17th meeting of the HELCOM Monitoring and Assessment Group (HELCOM MONAS 17/2012) decided that "HELCOM indicator fact sheets" should be renamed as “Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets” (BSEFSs) to differentiate them from HELCOM CORESET Indicators, which are used for follow-up of the Baltic Sea Action Plan. In contrast to the previous cyanobacteria biomass indicator, now older data (back to 1990, if possible) have been included. This longer data series suggests trends, but term “trend” was avoided because low data coverage does not allow statistical trend analysis. The indicator was

Annex 3 - HELCOM PEG meeting report 2013 – last year’s activities

submitted to MONAS and published online on 11 September 2012: http://www.helcom.fi/BSAP_assessment/ifs/ifs2012/en_GB/CyanobacteriaBiomass/ 5. Upload of images to image gallery The agreed photos (green algae) of the PEG were uploaded to www.NordicMicroalgae.org by the originators. 6. Intercalibration (ring test) The HELCOM PEG intercalibration 2012 was prepared by Irina Olenina, Helena Höglander and Norbert Wasmund. Countings for homogeneity test by Maren Zill (Leibniz-Inst. for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany), countings for stability test by Helena Höglander, statistical evaluation by Darius Daunys and Evelina Griniene (CORPI, Lithuania).

Annex 4 – On-going indicator projects and indicator list (HELCOM PEG-meeting 2013)

Phytoplankton indicators – on-going projects and potential indicators This is just a first draft - to be updated at future HELCOM PEG-meetings. This is the first list of the on-going-projects and potential phytoplankton indicators presented and discussed during the HELCOM PEG meeting 2013: HELCOM CORESET (2010-2013) Web site: http://www.helcom.fi/projects/on_going/en_GB/coreset/ To develop a set of core indicators for following up the effectiveness of the implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Plan:

- HELCOM Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets (BSEFS) are more descriptive while core indicators will have targets and boundaries for good environmental status

- Indicators related to biodiversity, eutrophication and harmful substances Indicators:

- No phytoplankton core set indicator yet developed.

MARMONI (Innovative approaches for marine biodiversity monitoring and assessment of conservation status of nature values in the Baltic Sea) (2010-2015) Web site: http://marmoni.balticseaportal.net Partners: Finland, Estonia, Latvia Pelagic indicator status:

- Phytoplankton diversity or evenness (FI/EE) – published in the Journal of Marine Science, March 2013

- Seasonal succession of functional phytoplankton groups – groups: diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and Mesodinium rubrum (EE)

- Summer phytoplankton communities (LV) - Functional diversity (FI)

Different on-going national indicator projects: GERMANY

• Sagert et al. 2008 (Meeresbiol. Beitr, Heft 20:45-69): – Percentage of diatoms in spring bloom – Biovolume of different size ranges of diatoms (spring period) – Woronichinia compacta

• Wasmund 2013 (unpublished) suggested the Diatom/dinoflagellate ratio during the spring bloom (Dia/Dino-Index) as an indicator, but with silicate consumption as supporting tool for diatom spring bloom estimation, as suggested by Wasmund et al. (2013, J. Plankton Res. 35: 393-406).

Annex 4 – On-going indicator projects and indicator list (HELCOM PEG-meeting 2013)

ESTONIA • Jaanus et al. 2009 (Hydrobiologia 629:157-168):

– Skeletonema marinoi – Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana – Cylindrotheca closterium – Oscillatoriales

• Estonia: development parallel with MARMONI project and MSFD

FINLAND • Finland (MSFD):

– Proportion of cyanobacteria in total biomass (D4, 2014) – Diatom/dinoflagellate ratio (D4, 2018) – Species compositon, abundance and extent/magnitude of cyanobacterial and

dinoflagellate blooms (D5, 2014) – Introduced species

SWEDEN • Sweden (research program WATERS – Waterbody Assessment Tools for Ecological

Reference conditions and status in Sweden) (www.waters.gu.se). Ongoing project 2011-2016. Research project to improve existing Swedish indicators for phytoplankton and to test new possible indicators.

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HELCOM PEG Taxonomic reference list for phytoplankton Balech, E. 1995. The genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, i−iii, Ireland: 1−151.

Bérard-Therriault, L., Poulin, M, et Bossé, L. 1999. Guide d´identification du phytoplancton marine de l´estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent incluat egalement certains protozoaires. Publ. spec. can. sci. halieut. aquat.: 128. 387 pp.

Chrétiennot-Dinet, M.-J. 1990. Atlas du Phytoplancton Marin. Volume III: Chlorarachniophycées, Chlorophycées, Chrysophycées, Cryptophycées, Euglenophycées, Eustigmatophycées, Prasinophycées, Prymnesiophycées, Rhodophycées & Tribnophycées. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris: 261 pp.

Cronberg, G., Annadotter, H, 2006. Manual on aquatic cyanobacteria. A photo guide and a synopsis of their toxicology. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae: 106 pp.

Dodge, J. D. 1982. Marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty´s Stationery Office, London: 303 pp.

Ettl H. 1983. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. CHLOROPHYTA. Teil 1: Phytomonadina. - Stuttgart- New York: 607 pp.

Hernández-Becerril, D.U., 1996. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, London, (Botany Series) 26(1): 1-73.

Hindák F. 1984. Studies on the Chlorococcal Algae (Chlorophyceae). III. Biologicke Prace XXX. VEDA, Bratislava. 308 pp.

Hindák F. 1988. Studies on the Chlorococcal Algae (Chlorophyceae). IV. Biologicke Prace XXXIV. VEDA, Bratislava. 263 pp.

Hindák F. 1990. Studies on the Chlorococcal Algae (Chlorophyceae). V. VEDA, Bratislava. 225 pp.

Hindák F., 2008. Colour Atlas of Cyanophytes. VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava. 253 pp.

Hoppenrath, M. Elbrächter M., Drebes, G. 2009. Marine Phytoplankton: Selected microplankton species from the North Sea around Helgoland and Sylt. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 49, Schweizerbart‘sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart: 264 pp.

Horner, R. A. 2002. A taxonomic guide to some common marine phytoplankton. Biopress Ltd.: 195 pp.

Hällfors, G. 2004. Checklist of Baltic Sea Phytoplankton Species (including some heterotrophic protistan groups) - Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No 95: 208 pp.

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Hustedt, F., 1930. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete, Teil 1, in Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen – Flora, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H., Leipzig, 920 pp. (in German)

Jensen, K. G., Moestrup, Ø. 1998. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in inner Danish coastal waters Opera Botanica: N133, 68 pp.

Joosten A.M.T. 2006. Flora of the blue-green Algae of the Netherlands. The non-filamentous species of inland waters. KNNV Publishing: 239 pp.

Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K., 1998. Cyanoprokaryota. 1. Teil Chroococcales. In: Ettl, H., Gärtner, G., Heynig, H., Mollenhauer (Eds). Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 19/1. Gustav Fischer, Jena: 548 pp.

Komárek J., Anagnostidis K. 2005. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Cyanoprokaryota. 2 Teil: Oscillatoriales. Elsevier GmbH, München. 759 pp.

Komarek, J., Fott, B., 1983. Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen), Ordnung: Chlorococcales. In: Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (Ed.). Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers. Systematik und Biologie. 7. Teil 7, 1. Häfte. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Stuttgart: 1044 pp.

Kraberg, A., Baumann, M., Dürselen, C.-D. 2010. Coastal Phytoplankton. Photo Guide for Northern European Seas. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München: 204 pp.

Krammer K., Lange-Bertalot H., 1986. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 1: Naviculaceae. - Stuttgart - New York: 876 pp.

Krammer K., Lange-Bertalot H., 1988. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 2: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. - Stuttgart - New York: 596 pp.

Krammer K., Lange-Bertalot H., 1991. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 3: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. - Stuttgart – Jena: 576 pp.

Krammer K., Lange-Bertalot H., 1991. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 4: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. - Stuttgart – Jena.

Larsen, J., Moestrup, Ø. 1989. Guide to Toxic and Potentially Toxic Marine Algae. The Fish Inspection, Service, Ministry of Fisheries. Copenhagen: 61 pp.

Pankow, H. 1990. Ostsee-Algenflora. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena: 648 pp.

Pliński, M., Hindák F., 2010. Flora Zatoki Gdańskiej i wód przyległych (Bałtyk Południowy). Zielenice – Chlorophyta (Green Algae). Part one: Non-filamentous green algae (7/1). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; Ilość stron: 240 pp; ISBN 978-83-7326-736-7.

Pliński, M., Hindák F., 2012. Flora Zatoki Gdańskiej i wód przyległych (Bałtyk Południowy). Zielenice – Chlorophyta (Green Algae). Part one: Filamentous green algae (7/2). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; Ilość stron: 140 pp; ISBN 978-83-7326-902-6.

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Pliński M., Komárek J. 2007. Flora Zatoki Gdańskiej i wód przyległych (Bałtyk Południowy). Sinice - Cyanobakterie (Cyanoprokaryota). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; Ilość stron: 154 pp; ISBN: 978-83-7326-437-3.

Pliński, M., Witkowski A. 2009. Flora Zatoki Gdańskiej i wód przyległych (Bałtyk Południowy). Okrzemki – Bacillariophyta (Diatoms). Part one: Centric diatoms (4/1). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; Ilość stron: 223 pp; ISBN 978-83-7326-649-0.

Pliński, M., Witkowski A. 2011. Flora Zatoki Gdańskiej i wód przyległych (Bałtyk Południowy). Okrzemki – Bacillariophyta (Diatoms). Part two: Pennate diatoms-I (4/2). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; Ilość stron: 167 pp; ISBN 978-83-7326-875-3.

Popovsky J. 1990. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Dinophyceae (Dinoflagellida). Teil 1. - Jena- Stuttgart: 272 pp.

Ricard, M. 1987. Atlas du Phytoplancton Marin. Volume II: Diatomophycées. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris: 297 pp. Rines, J. E. B., Hargraves, P. E. 1988. The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) Flora of Narragansett bay, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Bibliotheca Phycologica 79, J. Cramer, Berlin: 196 pp. Snoeijs, P. (ed.) 1993. Intercalibration and distribution of diatom species in the Baltic Sea. Volume 1. The Baltic marine Biologists Publication No. 16a. Opulus Press, Uppsala, Sweden: 130 pp.

Snoeijs, P., Vilbaste, S. (eds.) 1994. Intercalibration and distribution of diatom species in the Baltic Sea. Volume 2. The Baltic marine Biologists Publication No. 16b. Opulus Press, Uppsala, Sweden: 125 pp.

Snoeijs, P., Potapova M.(eds.) 1995. Intercalibration and distribution of diatom species in the Baltic Sea. Volume 3. The Baltic marine Biologists Publication No. 16c. Opulus Press, Uppsala, Sweden: 125 pp.

Snoeijs, P., Kasperoviciené, J. (eds.) 1996. Intercalibration and distribution of diatom species in the Baltic Sea. Volume 4. The Baltic marine Biologists Publication No. 16d. Opulus Press, Uppsala, Sweden: 125 pp.

Snoeijs, P., Balashova, N. (eds.) 1998. Intercalibration and distribution of diatom species in the Baltic Sea. Volume 5. The Baltic marine Biologists Publication No. 16e. Opulus Press, Uppsala, Sweden: 144 pp.

Sournia, A. 1986. Atlas du Phytoplancton Marin. Volume I : Cyanophycées, Dictyochophycées, Dinophycées, Raphidophycées. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris: 219 pp.

Starmach, K. 1985. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. CHRYSOPHYCEAE und HAPTOPHYCEAE. 1 Auflage. – Jena: 515 pp.

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Thomsen, H. A. (ed.) 1992. Plankton i de indre danske farvande. Havforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen Nr 11/1992. Miljøministeriet Miljøstyrelsen, Copenhagen: 331 pp.

Throndsen, J., Eikrem, W. 2001. Marine mikroalger i farger. Almater Forlag AS, Oslo: 188 pp.

Throndsen J., Hasle, G.R. & Tangen, K. 2007. Phytoplankton of Norwegian coastal waters. Almater Forlag As: Oslo. 341 pp.

Tikkanen, T., Willén, T. 1992. Växtplanktonflora, Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm: 280 pp.

Tomas, C., R. (ed.) 1997. Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press, San Diego: 858 pp.

Willén, E. 2001. Checklista över Cyanobakterier i Sverige. SLU artdatabanken

Wołowski K., Hindák F. 2005. Atlas of Euglenophytes. VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Science: 136 pp.

Additionally valuable taxonomic information can be found in various scientific papers, Baltic Sea Phytoplankton Identification Sheets (Ann. Bot. Fennici) and ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton. For phytoplankton images validated by the HELCOM Phytoplankton Expert Group see the HELCOM PEG Gallery at www.nordicmicroalgae.org: http://nordicmicroalgae.org/galleries/helcom-peg.