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HELPFUL HOT SPOTS:For mixed-ability classrooms and
teaching students with dyslexia
www.macmillanenglish.com/hotspot
The Hot Spot Teacher’s Books provide additional support for teachers of students with dyslexia and for thoseteaching mixed-ability classes.
Teacher’s Book
Includes:
Student’s Book pages
Test CD
Photocopiable classroom activities
HOTHOT
spot
Magdalena Kondro
Teacher’s Book
Photocopiable classroom activities
Magdalena Kondro
Teacher’s BookIncludes:Student’s Book pagesTest CD
Photocopiable classroom activities
HOTHOTspot
Magdalena Kondro
2HOT
Helpful tips precede activities which students withdyslexia may fi nd more challenging. Suggestions are also given on how to modify many activities for mixed-ability classes. These tips and hints provide teachers with support and ideas on how to further encourage and motivate all students.
These pages provide just a small taster of the strategies found in the Hot Spot Teacher’s Books.
Mixed-ability classes
Characteristics of students with dyslexia
Students tend to behave badly when they are not challenged enough, or when the activity is too long or too diffi cult for them. Set time limits to keep the pace, give fast fi nishers extra tasks that will stretch their abilities and off er extra support to those students who are fi nding the task diffi cult. Also, be prepared to fi nish an activity early if it is not work-ing for your class.
Dyslexic students may have some or all of these characteristics:• Short attention span• Poor short-term memory• Weak reading comprehension skills• Poor spelling and/or handwriting• Diffi culty in remembering sequences, including instructions• Delay in completing tasks• Slow and often inaccurate copying (e.g. from the board)
students with dyslexia
Mixed-ability Hot Spot 1
When learning numbers and their word equiva-lents, encourage less confi dent or weaker students to substitute the words with digits fi rst, before writing the number word. Meanwhile fast fi nishers can write their own gapped equations, using the number words. They can then exchange notebooks with other fast fi nishers and solve each other’s maths problems.
Hot Spot 1
7 = ___ + 3
Eight + ___ = 10
Eight + 2 = Ten
Six + Three = Nine
___ + One = Eleven
Dyslexia Hot Spot 1
Missing words: Completing a missing words activity will be easier if you give students some more clues. Help by pointing to the pictures and adding one or two more letters to each word on the board. For example: app__ for a___, cho__ for c___ etc. Make sure you also give students more time to fi nish the activity.
Hot Spot 1
a____app__
c____cho______
p____p__za
Mixed-ability Hot Spot 2
For less confi dent students, write the sentence beginnings on the board. Fast fi nishers can add more information to the sentence including more complex adjectives. Fast fi nishers could also work on memory activities such as closing their books to recall information and quizzing other fast fi nishers on their sentences.
Hot Spot 2
My name is _____ I am __ years oldI live ___________My favourite____________
106
6 ’sIs she Della’s sister? Toby is Ben’s dog.
’s:
Is she Della’s sister? Toby is Ben’s dog.
’s and the short form of is – ’s:
Possessive ’s ’s (short form of is)
Is she Della’s sister?She’s Della’s sister. = She is Della’s sister.
’s
Danny KenIt’s Danny’s pen.
Dina Susie
Molly Craig
7
in on under next to
It’s in the bag. It’s on the table.
It’s under the chair. It’s next to the bag.
in, on, under, next to.
1 The socks are under the book
1 The socks are the book.
2 The poster is the wall.
3 The pen is the book.
4 The sweets are the bag.
2
3 4
5 6
1
9780230533707_text.indb 106 12/8/08 09:18:43
Dyslexia Hot Spot 2
Checking answers: Students with dyslexia may not be able to copy answers from the board accurately. It will also take them longer. Give them the answers on a sheet of paper instead.
Hot Spot 2
the book.
the wall.
the book.
the bag.
106
6
’sIs she Della’s sister? Toby is Ben’s dog.
’s:
Is she Della’s sister? Toby is Ben’s dog. ’s and
the short form of is – ’s:
Possessive ’s
’s (short form of is)
Is she Della’s sister? She’s Della’s sister. =
She is Della’s sister.
’s
Danny
Ken
It’s Danny’s pen.
Dina
Susie
Molly
Craig
7in on under next to
It’s in the bag. It’s on the table.
It’s under the chair. It’s next to the bag.in, on, under, next to.
1 The socks are under the book
1 The socks are the book.
2 The poster is the wall.
3 The pen is the book.
4 The sweets are the bag.
2
3
4
5
6
1
9780230533707_text.indb 106
12/8/08 09:18:43
1 The socks are under the book.
2 The poster is on the wall.
3 The pen is next to the book.
4 The sweets are in the bag.
Have you got a book?
Mixed-ability Hot Spot 3
Encourage less confi dent students to look for and underline the ending of nouns in questions as this will remind them that they need to use ‘a’ or ‘any’ before these words. Fast fi nishers can create more questions from other nouns in the activity.
Have you got any books?
Do you have any pens?
Hot Spot 3
Have you got ...Sweet(s)Cup(s)Ruler(s)
Do you have a pen?
Dyslexia Hot Spot 3
Correcting sentences: Students with dyslexia fi nd reading very diffi cult so they need help with correcting written sentences. Read the sentences aloud and then ask the class to correct each one. Students can in this way focus on correcting the mistakes by ear. It is also helpful to do pair work in which a student without dyslexia reads out the sentences and the student with dyslexia corrects them.
Hot Spot 3
Have you got ...Sweet(s)Cup(s)Ruler(s)
Teacher reads aloud:
Student corrects:
Teacher reads aloud:
I am a pen
I have a pen
I have a pen
Mixed-ability Hot Spot 4
Encourage stronger students to create their own dictionary of new vocabulary and to add to it byincluding synonyms and/or antonyms for each word. Ask students to write their own defi nitions for new vocabulary and/or use a monolingual dictionary to fi nd defi nitions. Weaker students might want to add illustrations.
Hot Spot 4
illustrati ons
Map
A drawing of an area that shows the positi ons of things such as countries, rivers, citi es, and streets.
monolingual dicti onary defi niti on
own defi niti on
A picture of all the diff erent countries in the world.
Dyslexia Hot Spot 4
Reading diffi cult words: Encourage students with dyslexia to make index cards or bookmarks with common words they have problems reading out. On the front of each card they should write or print one word and on the back they should draw anillustration, stick a picture or write a defi nition of the word. These cards can then be used for practice at home or reference in class.
Hot Spot 4
history
Time of year that is warm and
sunny
Mixed-ability Hot Spot 5 Hot Spot 5
30
1 1.44
beach castle church cinema
park river
shop railway station supermarket swimming pool bus station house
2 1.45
1.45
7 My dream town
Talking about
places in a town or city
3
1 There is a river.
2 There isn’t a beach.
3 There are a lot of shops.
4 There is a bus station.
5 There aren’t any cinemas.
In Dream Town there is an old
castle and a river. And there
are a lot of fun things to do.
There isn’t a beach but there
is a big swimming pool with a
fantastic water slide. And there
are two cinemas and a big park.
There isn’t a bus station but
there is a railway station.
There is a church and there
are a lot of nice houses. There
aren’t any supermarkets but
there are a lot of shops.
Dream Town
places in a town or cityLesson objective
9780230533707_text.indb 30
12/8/08 09:09:38
31
2
6
7
There is a/an … There are two/three/a lot of …
1 There is a big swimming pool with a water
slide.
2 There are a lot of ...
8 1.46
1 There is a … 2 There isn’t a …
3 There are a lot of … 4 There aren’t any …
4
Grammar spot
anyGrammar spot
any
Negatives
There aren’t any cinemas.
(BUT There isn’t a beach.)
Questions
Are there any shops?
(BUT Is there a river?)
Grammar pages 107, 108
How can you remember new words?
Draw a picture and write the initial letters.
h r
Study tip
5
There is/There isn’t/There are/
There aren’t.
1 There is a church
1 a church.
2 a beach.
3 any supermarkets.
4 a lot of houses.
5 a railway station.
6 a lot of shops.
7 a bus station.
Is there/
Are there
8 a castle?
9 any cinemas?
10 any supermarkets?
11 a park?
Yes, there is./Yes, there are.
No, there isn’t./No, there aren’t.
9780230533707_text.indb 31
12/8/08 09:09:41
+-++
+-- +
Positives Negatives
When creating a comparison chart (positives/negatives) from a reading text, let fast fi nishers add their own points to the list. Less confi dent students can mark the text and mark them with plus and minus symbols to show the good and bad points. This way they will not take a long time writing down the answers or worrying about spelling.
There isn’t a beach.
There are two cinemas.
Dyslexia Hot Spot 5
Editing written work: Students with dyslexia may struggle with editing their work. Help them tocreate a checklist for editing, e.g. spelling, grammar, organisation of ideas etc. Allow them to make corrections to their work and accept that as a fi nal draft in order to reduce the amount of copying they need to do.
Hot Spot 5
Checklist
abc = spelling
a catan cat x = grammar
point 1 point 2
= organisati on of ideas
My dream town = heading
How can teachers help?
• Be understanding and sympathetic towards students’ diffi culties and praise achievement
• Show that you are willing to help
• Accept and respect all their eff orts
• Bear in mind that students with learning diffi culties are often highly intelligent
• Keep instructions as short as possible
• Use examples or demonstrate the task with a student
• Split long instructions into stages
• Introduce necessary language before beginning each activity
• Develop a set of routine activities to allow students to settle and get ready for the lesson
• Discuss mistakes made with the whole class without revealing who made each one
For more information on mixed-ability teaching or teaching students with dyslexia visit: For more information on mixed-ability teaching or teaching students with dyslexia visit:
www.onestopenglish.com off ering a range ofmethodology articles, tips, lesson plans andresources for teachers with mixed-ability classes.
Dyslexia Internationalwww.dyslexia-international.org/
World Dyslexia Forum 2010www.worlddyslexiaforum.org/
British Dyslexia Associationwww.bdadyslexia.org.uk/
Dyslexia Action www.dyslexiaaction.org.uk/
Being Dyslexic - Information, Inspiration, Advice and Support www.beingdyslexic.co.uk/
British Dyslexics - Registered charitywww.dyslexia.uk.com/
Waterstones Bookshop and Dyslexia Action Informationwww.waterstones.com/waterstonesweb/navigate.do?pPageID=100000021
Waterstones Bookshop guide for young dyslexic readerswww3.waterstones.com/wat/images/special/mag/waterstones_dyslexia_action_guide.pdf
Blog: Helping English Language students with learning disabilities eltnotebook.blogspot.com/2007/01/helping-students-with-learning.html
Report in BBC news website on new programme of training for school teachers in UK (22 June 2009):http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/8109554.stm
9 780230 408975
ComponentsStudent’s Book and CD-ROM pack
Teacher’s Book and Test CD pack
Activity Book
Class Audio CDs
Level 19780230723740
Level 29780230723757
Level 3 9780230723764
Level 49780230723771
Level 19780230717886
Level 29780230717909
Level 3 9780230717923
Level 49780230717947
Level 19780230533714
Level 29780230533752
Level 3 9780230533790
Level 49780230533837
Level 19780230533738
Level 29780230533776
Level 3 9780230533813
Level 49780230533851