Hello! The geography team hope are well and staying safe ...€¦ · BEDZED –solar panels, large south facing windows, car sharing. Explain the correlation between GDP (wealth)

Hello! The geography team hope are

well and staying safe!

Over the next 5 weeks you are going to

independently take charge of your

learning and study in more detail,

‘Rivers, Coasts & Resource

Management’.

• You can either complete work in

written format or using IT.

• Any questions please contact your

teacher and they will be able to

support you.

• Or @DeltaGeog

Week Lesson - challenge

1. 15.6.2020 1 Rivers – GEOG starter, Flooding Plains & Levees &

Exam Practise. Rivers crossword

2 Exam practise & Model answers on portal

2. 22.6.2020 1 Rivers – GEOG starter, Causes of flooding, hard and

soft engineering & Exam Practise


3. 29.6.2020 1 Rivers – GEOG starter , flooding case study and

revision clock


4. 6.7.2020 1 Urban – GEOG starter, mega cities map task &

population pyramids.


5. 13.7.2020 1 Urban – GEOG starter, Quiz, exploring population

growth & exam question.


Each week you will continue to have two 1 hour lessons.

Lesson 1 – Activities, Revision & GCSE PODS

Lesson 2 – Exam questions & Model answers found on portal

Define the term agribusiness.

Explain the advantages of fracking in the U.K.?

How can we be more sustainable in the home, refer to an example you have studied.

Explain the correlation between GDP (wealth) and Infant Mortality rates.

Define the term agribusiness.

Explain the advantages of fracking in the U.K.?

How can we be more sustainable in the home, refer to an example you have studied.

Farming for commercial reasons, to make profit. Increases energy security, creates jobs,

availability of shale gas in the U.K.

BEDZED – solar panels, large south facing

windows, car sharing.

Explain the correlation between GDP (wealth) and Infant Mortality rates.

Negative, as GDP increases, infant mortality rates decrease. Better access to clean water, medical care,

food supply.

Formation of Ox-bow Lakes

Step 1 Step 2

Erosion of outer bank forms river cliff. Deposition inner bank forms slip off slope.

Further hydraulic action and abrasion of outer banks, neck gets smaller.

Step 3 Step 4

Erosion breaks through neck, so river takes the fastest route, redirecting flow

Evaporation and deposition cuts off main channel leaving an oxbow lake.

Upper Course of a River

Near the source, the river flows over steep gradient from the hill/mountains. This gives the river a lot of energy, so it will erode the riverbed vertically to form narrow valleys.

Formation of a Waterfall

1) River flows over alternative types of rocks.

2) River erodes soft rock faster creating a step.

3) Further hydraulic action and abrasion form a plunge pool beneath.

4) Hard rock above is undercut leaving cap rock which collapses providing more material for erosion.

5) Waterfall retreats leaving steep sided gorge.

Middle Course of a River

Here the gradient get gentler, so the water has less energy and moves more slowly. The river will begin to erode laterally making the river wider.

River Management Schemes

Soft Engineering Hard Engineering

Afforestation – plant trees to soak up rainwater, reduces flood risk.Demountable Flood Barriers put in place when warning raised.Managed Flooding – naturally let areas flood, protect settlements.

Straightening Channel – increases velocity to remove flood water.Artificial Levees – heightens river so flood water is contained. Deepening or widening river to increase capacity for a flood.

Lower Course of a River

Near the river’s mouth, the river widens further and becomes flatter. Material transported is deposited.

Formation of Floodplains and levees

When a river floods, fine silt/alluvium is deposited on the valley floor. Closer to the river’s banks, the heavier

materials build up to form natural levees.

Nutrient rich soil makes it ideal for farming. Flat land for building houses.

Case Study: The River Tees

Location and BackgroundLocated in the North of England and flows 137km from the Pennines to the North Sea at Red Car.

Geomorphic Processes Upper – Features include V-Shaped valley, rapids and waterfalls. High Force waterfall drops 21m and is made from harder Whinstone and softer limestone rocks. Gradually a gorge has been formed. Middle – Features include meanders and ox-bow lakes. The meander near Yarm encloses the town. Lower – Greater lateral erosion creates features such as floodplains & levees. Mudflats at the river’s estuary.

Management -Towns such as Yarm and Middleborough are economically and socially important due to houses and jobs that are located there. -Dams and reservoirs in the upper course, controls river’s flow during high & low rainfall.- Better flood warning systems, more flood zoning and river dredging reduces flooding.

Hydrographs and River Discharge

River discharge is the volume of water that flows in a river. Hydrographs who discharge at a certain point in a river changes over time in relation to rainfall

1. Peak discharge is the discharge in a period of time.

2. Lag time is the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge.

3. Rising limb is the increase in river discharge.

4. Falling limb is the decrease in river discharge to normal level.

Water Cycle Key Terms

Precipitation Moisture falling from clouds as rain, snow or hail.

Interception Vegetation prevent water reaching the ground.

Surface Runoff Water flowing over surface of the land into rivers

Infiltration Water absorbed into the soil from the ground.

Transpiration Water lost through leaves of plants.

Physical and Human Causes of Flooding.

Physical: Prolong & heavy rainfallLong periods of rain causes soil to become saturated leading runoff.

Physical: GeologyImpermeable rocks causes surface runoff to increase river discharge.

Physical: Relief Steep-sided valleys channels water to flow quickly into rivers causing greater discharge.

Human: Land Use Tarmac and concrete are impermeable. This prevents infiltration & causes surface runoff.

Warm up activity

Upper Course Mid Course Lower Course

Long Profile

Cross Profile

1.Steeply sloping towards the lower sections of the river.

2. Almost at sea level, very gently sloping towards its mouth.

3. Shallow slopes towards the mouth of the river.

4. V-shaped valley remains with a wider valley floor and the river begins to meander across it. The river channel begins to widen and become deeper.

5.Steep sided v-shaped valley. Thin river channel, deep in places.

6. Wide, shallow valley, with large flood plains and meanders. The river channel is wide, deep and smooth sided.

Add the numbers to the correct section in the table to summarise a rivers long and cross profile

Warm up activity

Upper Course Mid Course Lower Course

Long Profile 1 3 2

Cross Profile 5 4 6

1. Steeply sloping towards the lower sections of the river.

2. Almost at sea level, very gently sloping towards its mouth.

3. Shallow slopes towards the mouth of the river.

4. V-shaped valley remains with a wider valley floor and the river begins to meander across it. The river channel begins to widen and become deeper.

5.Steep sided v-shaped valley. Thin river channel, deep in places.

6. Wide, shallow valley, with large flood plains and meanders. The river channel is wide, deep and smooth sided.

Add the numbers to the correct section in the table to summarise a rivers long and cross profile

Warm up activity

Complete the paragraph below to explain the formation of an ox-bow lake.Circle the correct answer in each set of brackets.

The fastest flow of water is on the [inside / outside ] bend of the river.

This results in [erosion / deposition]. The outside bends move closer

together as the meander neck becomes narrower. When there is a

very [high / low] discharge, the river cuts across the neck and takes a

straight course. The former meander is left as a

[long straight / horseshoe shaped] ox-bow lake.(4)

Warm up activity

Complete the paragraph below to explain the formation of an ox-bow lake.Circle the correct answer in each set of brackets.

The fastest flow of water is on the [inside / outside ] bend of the river.

This results in [erosion / deposition]. The outside bends move closer

together as the meander neck becomes narrower. When there is a

very [high / low] discharge, the river cuts across the neck and takes a

straight course. The former meander is left as a

[long straight / horseshoe shaped] ox-bow lake.(4)

Watch carefully …

https://timeforgeography.co.uk/videos_list/rivers/floodplains/

https://timeforgeography.co.uk/videos_list/rivers/floodplains/

Work through the

following tasks ...

a) Describe what a floodplain is …

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Work through the

following tasks ...

a) Describe what a floodplain is …add anything you missed!!!

A floodplain is an area of land which is covered in water when a river bursts

its banks. Floodplains form due to both erosion and deposition. Erosion

removes any interlocking spurs, creating a wide, flat area on either side of

the river. During a flood, material being carried by the river is deposited

(as the river loses its speed and energy to transport material). Over time,

the height of the floodplain increases as material is deposited on either

side of the river. Floodplains are often agricultural land, as the area is very

fertile because it's made up of alluvium (deposited silt from a river flood).

The floodplain is often a wide, flat area caused by meanders shifting along

the valley.

A) As the river floods, the water _____ down and the water can’t carry the biggest and _______silt particles so they are _______ on the ____.

B) The river ___ is raised __________ floods as ________occurs.

C) After many ______, the deposits on the bank build up forming ______.

Slows heaviest dropped bankin-between bed Deposition floods levees

Explain the formation of levées. (4)

Bonus: State two more examples of landforms resulting from deposition

A) As the river floods, the water _____ down and the water can’t carry the biggest and _______silt particles so they are _______ on the ____.

B) The river ___ is raised __________ floods as ________occurs.

C) After many ______, the deposits on the bank build up forming ______.

Slows heaviest dropped bankin-between bed Deposition floods levees

Explain the formation of levées. (4)

Bonus: State two more examples of landforms resulting from deposition

slows

heaviest dropped

bank

bed In-between

deposition

floods

levees

Exam Practise

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

Exam Answer

Just for fun!

Answers!

Describe the location of Megacities (3)

Explain what a megacity is. (4)

Why has the UK’s energy mixed changed?

Large number in Asia (1) Fewer numbers in HICs e.g. Europe (1)

A Megacity a very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people. E.g. New York and Los Angeles

We are no longer self sufficient in coal, oil & gas. - The UK needs to become more ‘energy secure’

Starter Challenge 1) What is our flood example.2) What are the key words with waterfalls.3) What happens on the outside of the bend?

Erosion/Deposition4) On the inside of the bend? Erosion/Deposition5) The name for a bend in a river.6) Human cause of flooding7) Physical cause of flooding8) What do floodplain build up?9) How do we measure the height of land?10) What is river discharge?

Picture Meaning Cause

Impermeable rocks and soils do

not allow rain to soak through

them. Any rain that falls will

stay near the surface

Very wet soil

Soil that is baked hard by the

sun in dry weather builds up a

crust. Rain is unable to soak

through the crust and so remains

on the surface

Very dry soil

Rain falling on a steep slope runs

quickly downhill towards a river.

It has little time to soak into

the ground so most of it stays on

the surface.

Many of the world’s forests are

being cleared to make way for

other developments. Trees

reduce flooding by intercepting

and using water, as well as

stopping soil from eroding

Deforestation

Urbanisation

If rain has been falling

for a long time, the soil

may become full of water

(saturated). Any further

rain is unable to soak into

the group and remains on

the surface.

Rain falling on concrete and

tarmac is unable to soak into the

ground, so stays on the surface.

Gutters and drains then carry

the water quickly and directly to

the river. Large towns are most

at risk.

Steep slopes

Impermeable

rocks

Fill in the

blanks...

Picture Meaning Cause

Impermeable rocks and soils

do not allow rain to soak

through them. Any rain that

falls will stay near the surface

Impermeable

rocks

If rain has been falling for a

long time, the soil may become

full of water (saturated). Any

further rain is unable to soak

into the group and remains on

the surface.

Very wet soil

Soil that is baked hard by the

sun in dry weather builds up a

crust. Rain is unable to soak

through the crust and so

remains on the surface

Very dry soil

Rain falling on a steep slope

runs quickly downhill towards

a river. It has little time to

soak into the ground so most

of it stays on the surface.

Steep slopes

Many of the world’s forests

are being cleared to make way

for other developments. Trees

reduce flooding by

intercepting and using water,

as well as stopping soil from

eroding

Deforestation

Rain falling on concrete and

tarmac is unable to soak into

the ground, so stays on the

surface. Gutters and drains

then carry the water quickly

and directly to the river.

Large towns are most at risk.

Urbanisation

Check answers

Use the next 2

pages to complete

the gridType Benefits Costs

Dams and reservoirs

River straightening and dredging

Embankments

Flood relief channels

Hard Engineering

Hard Engineering

Use the next page

to complete the

gridType Benefits CostsFlood warning

Flood Plain Zoning

Soft Engineering

Exam Question

Time.. _______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

Exam Answer Time..

Just for

Fun!

Answers!

Describe the location on Mumbai. (3)

Explain the importance of Mumbai (4)

The importance of Mumbai?• West coast of India• Capital City of Maharashtra

State• On the Coast of the Arabian

Sea• Mumbai lies at the mouth

of the Ulhas River• coastal region known as the

Konkan. • It sits on Salsette Island

Tourism – in 2016 visitors to London from India spent £152million. Mumbai is also a popular destination for flights from IndiaFilm – Indian films produced in London are worth $28millionAcademically –An increasing number of Indian people have degrees. English is also the official language.

1. Along the equator (1), between the Tropics (1), in low latitudes of Asia, South America and Africa

2. High temperatures (27oC+) (1) High precipitation (2000mm+) (1) “Hot and wet” (1)

Warm up activity Task: Match each number to the correct key term in table C

Bonus: How is a v shaped valley formed?

1.

2.

3.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

7.

8.

Answers Task: Match each number to the correct key term in table C

Bonus: How is a v shaped valley formed?

Flooding Case Study

Task: Using the template put together a case study on The South Yorkshire Floods in 2019. Use the following websites to help you:BBC NewsITV.comMet office

Causes Impacts ResponseEg. Building on floodplains Eg. People trapped inside Meadowhall shopping

centre overnightEg. Schools raised money to help local communities and supermarkets donated essential items to flood victims.

Formation of Ox-bow Lakes

Step 1 Step 2

Erosion of outer bank forms river cliff. Deposition inner bank forms slip off slope.

Further hydraulic action and abrasion of outer banks, neck gets smaller.

Step 3 Step 4

Erosion breaks through neck, so river takes the fastest route, redirecting flow

Evaporation and deposition cuts off main channel leaving an oxbow lake.

Upper Course of a River

Near the source, the river flows over steep gradient from the hill/mountains. This gives the river a lot of energy, so it will erode the riverbed vertically to form narrow valleys.

Formation of a Waterfall

1) River flows over alternative types of rocks.

2) River erodes soft rock faster creating a step.

3) Further hydraulic action and abrasion form a plunge pool beneath.

4) Hard rock above is undercut leaving cap rock which collapses providing more material for erosion.

5) Waterfall retreats leaving steep sided gorge.

Middle Course of a River

Here the gradient get gentler, so the water has less energy and moves more slowly. The river will begin to erode laterally making the river wider.

River Management Schemes

Soft Engineering Hard Engineering

Afforestation – plant trees to soak up rainwater, reduces flood risk.Demountable Flood Barriers put in place when warning raised.Managed Flooding – naturally let areas flood, protect settlements.

Straightening Channel – increases velocity to remove flood water.Artificial Levees – heightens river so flood water is contained. Deepening or widening river to increase capacity for a flood.

Lower Course of a River

Near the river’s mouth, the river widens further and becomes flatter. Material transported is deposited.

Formation of Floodplains and levees

When a river floods, fine silt/alluvium is deposited on the valley floor. Closer to the river’s banks, the heavier

materials build up to form natural levees.

Nutrient rich soil makes it ideal for farming. Flat land for building houses.

Case Study: The River Tees

Location and BackgroundLocated in the North of England and flows 137km from the Pennines to the North Sea at Red Car.

Geomorphic Processes Upper – Features include V-Shaped valley, rapids and waterfalls. High Force waterfall drops 21m and is made from harder Whinstone and softer limestone rocks. Gradually a gorge has been formed. Middle – Features include meanders and ox-bow lakes. The meander near Yarm encloses the town. Lower – Greater lateral erosion creates features such as floodplains & levees. Mudflats at the river’s estuary.

Management -Towns such as Yarm and Middleborough are economically and socially important due to houses and jobs that are located there. -Dams and reservoirs in the upper course, controls river’s flow during high & low rainfall.- Better flood warning systems, more flood zoning and river dredging reduces flooding.

Hydrographs and River Discharge

River discharge is the volume of water that flows in a river. Hydrographs who discharge at a certain point in a river changes over time in relation to rainfall

1. Peak discharge is the discharge in a period of time.

2. Lag time is the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge.

3. Rising limb is the increase in river discharge.

4. Falling limb is the decrease in river discharge to normal level.

Water Cycle Key Terms

Precipitation Moisture falling from clouds as rain, snow or hail.

Interception Vegetation prevent water reaching the ground.

Surface Runoff Water flowing over surface of the land into rivers

Infiltration Water absorbed into the soil from the ground.

Transpiration Water lost through leaves of plants.

Physical and Human Causes of Flooding.

Physical: Prolong & heavy rainfallLong periods of rain causes soil to become saturated leading runoff.

Physical: GeologyImpermeable rocks causes surface runoff to increase river discharge.

Physical: Relief Steep-sided valleys channels water to flow quickly into rivers causing greater discharge.

Human: Land Use Tarmac and concrete are impermeable. This prevents infiltration & causes surface runoff.

Physical and Human Causes of

Flooding Water cycle key

terms

Flood Hydrograph

The River Tees- Location and

Background :

Geomorphic Processes

Formation of a

waterfall

Formation of

floodplains and

levees

Hard Engineering

Flooding Case study

Complete Revision clock – use KO

to help you!

Formation of an

oxbow lake

Soft Engineering

Management

Just for

Fun!

Just for

Fun!

Use the figure to illustrate the issues in Mumbai. (4)

Choose two challenges and explain how/why they are a challenge for Mumbai (4)

- Poor infrastructure - Lack of clean water- Lack of transportation- Poor ventilation - Lack of H&S standards

x most of the world's hot deserts

lie between 15° and 35° north and south of the equator (1)

x several deserts are found on the western side of continents,

for example the deserts of South America and southern Africa (1)

x the largest desert (the Sahara) stretches across northern Africa

into the Middle East (1) x some hot deserts extend much

closer to the equator, for instance the Atacama desert on

the west

Why are urban populations in LICs and NEEs growing so

rapidly?

MIGRATION =NATURAL INCREASE =

Fill in the

definitions …

MEGA CITY=

Why are urban populations in LICs and NEEs growing so

rapidly?

MIGRATION =People moving into the cities.65 per cent of urban growth is

a result of migration.

NATURAL INCREASE =Where the birth rate is higher

than the death rateCity population structures are

dominated by people under 25 of child bearing age so growth will

continue.

Fill in the

definitions …

MEGA CITY=A city with a

population of more than 10 million people.

Using the Atlas in your planner – label the worlds megacities.

Mexico city New York Karachi New Delhi BeijingTokyo Shanghai Manila Dhaka Calcutta MumbaiBuenos Aires Sao Paulo Los Angeles

Now add the size of the population next to each city ….

Mexico city New York Karachi New Delhi BeijingTokyo Shanghai Manila Dhaka Calcutta MumbaiBuenos Aires Sao Paulo Los Angeles

A population pyramid is a type of bar graph that shows the proportion of males and females and the proportion of people in different age groups.

POPULATION PYRAMIDS•Draw the pyramids for The Gambia and the UK for 2018.•Add the following labels to the correct places on the correct pyramid.

1)Large number of older people means a long life expectancy2)Broad base means high birth rate3)Steeply sloping sides means a high death rate4)Narrow base means a low birth rate5)Few older people means low life expectancy6)Straight sides means lower death rate7)Slightly more older women than men


The Gambia


The UK

Just for

Fun!

Name 3 Rivers in Yorkshire Explain how rivers can change a landscape

Name 3 Fossil Fuels What is a contour

Name 3 Rivers in YorkshireTees, Leven, Swale, Ure, Wharfe, Nidd, Aire, Calder, Don, Humber, Ouse etc

Explain how rivers can change a landscapeVia Erosion, transport and deposition of material – creating waterfalls, meanders and ox-bow lakes etc

Name 3 Fossil FuelsCoal, Oil & Gas

What is a contourAn orange line on an OS map to show height

What is the total approximate population of the world?A) 6 billion B) 7.7 million C) 7 trillion D) 7.7 billion

What proportion of the world's population lives in towns and cities?A) 35% B) 55% C) 85% D) 90%

What is the most common age for people living on this planet?A) 53 B) 45 C) 29 D) 17

How many people on the planet are too young to work?A) 1.9 billion B) 74 million C) 18 million D) 3 billion

How many of the world’s population work in agriculture?A) 750 million B) 3.2 billion C) 1.4 billion D) 32 million

How much does population increase each year at the current rate?A) 1% B) 0.5% C) 10% D) 3%

Quick warm up Quiz!!

What is the total approximate population of the world?A) 6 billion B) 7.7 million C) 7 trillion D) 7.7 billion

What proportion of the world's population lives in towns and cities?A) 35% B) 55% C) 85% D) 90%

What is the most common age for people living on this planet?A) 53 B) 45 C) 29 D) 17

How many people on the planet are too young to work?A) 1.9 billion B) 74 million C) 18 million D) 3 billion

How many of the world’s population work in agriculture?A) 750 million B) 3.2 billion C) 1.4 billion D) 32 million

How much does population increase each year at the current rate?A) 1% B) 0.5% C) 10% D) 3%

Answers!!

Task1. Using the data on the left hand side create

two axes on the graph with date along the x axis and % urban population on the y axis.

2. Plot the world urban population percentage against the years on your graph and connect

the points with a curved line. 3. Go over the line with a colour and then colour the column in on your data table to

make a key.4. Plot the remaining 3 lines of data onto your

graph and don't forget to add a colour for each one and add to the key.

5. Describe the trends shown by each of the lines on the graph. Support your answer

with evidence from the graph. 6. Suggest reasons for the differences

between LIC and HIC regions of the world. Graph task

Using figure 1, explain how urban areas across the world are changing? [6]

Exam Practise ...

First Paragraph: Comparison between two continents.The continents all have…..(state the general pattern of urban population growth). This is shown by the overall world statistics which shows (describe the world increase). The continent which has seen the highest percentage increase is (name the continent) its urban population has…(describe its increase and projection). This is in contrast to..(describe which continent has the slowest increase in growth) which is projected to..(describe its projection)

Second Paragraph: Further comparison.Another continent which has seen a large increase in its urban population is (name the continent and describe how its urban pop has increased). Figure 1 suggests continents which have a higher proportion of HIC’s such as… have experienced (more/less urban growth). Whereas countries with more LIC’s or NEE’s such as …Have experienced greater growth in urban populations.

Just for

Fun! Match the flag to the

country.

Well done on completing the ‘Coasts’ unit of

work independently!

You should be very proud of yourself.

We are proud of you!

Summer holidays are here, arriving not in the

style we normally expect.

We will wait patiently to welcome you back

for the next academic year, until then, take

care, enjoy your summer and remember,

every day is a learning day!

Documents

Hello! The geography team hope are well and staying safe ...€¦ · BEDZED –solar panels, large south facing windows, car sharing. Explain the correlation between GDP (wealth)