• Hello Students,– I’m sorry I cannot be with you today, but this ppt will guide you

through what we would have covered. One of you can come up and click through these slides. What I have done is added questions to the “notes” section of this ppt so you can see what I would have emphasized / asked you. Whoever is clicking through this slideshow can read them off and you can discuss them. If there are topics you are lost on, it would be great if one of you could email me so I can put something together for us to review on Monday. If you all read, you should not have much difficulty doing this.

– Over the weekend – work on your Presidential Presentations and study for your test on Wed. We will continue discussing Ike and start discussing the Civil Rights Movement on Monday (and Tuesday).

– To my Period 6 and 7 classes – your grades for your presentations are posted. I compiled what your group collectively said to determine your grades and will be sending your group my general comments about it.

– Mr. K

Truman and Foreign Policy

• China (lost)

• NATO (Warsaw Pact)

• Hydrogen Bomb

• NSC 68

• Korea

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) Background and Election (1952)

• Trained Soldiers in WWI• Africa / WWII• Chief of Staff• President of Columbia University• Supreme Allied Commander

• Ike and Nixon (VP)– Likable and “attack dog”– Nixon – diplomacy throughout world

VS.

• “Egghead” of Illinois, Adlai Stevenson

Eisenhower’s Platform:

• Strengthen US position – containment wasn’t working (Dems too soft)

• Korean “mess” needs to be ended

• Use business principles to reduce waste (reduce Gov Spending)

• Cut taxes

• Expand Social Security by 10 million people

• Quest for International Peace

• Landslide over Stevenson by 7 million votes, 442-89

Ike’s Style

• Both business-like and military style• Sec State John Foster Dulles brought

experience and conviction» Diplomat since 1907, served under

Wilson at Versailles» aggressive: containment not enough» develop atomic capability as

deterrence

• promise of a "rollback" of communist power proved to be a hollow one.

• Neither in East Germany (1953) • Hungary (1956)

• Believed in combining financial prudence with a deterrent of nuclear weapons.

“Dynamic conservative” approach is not as conservative nor as liberal as some wish

Liberals like that Ike does these things:

1. Created Dept of Health, Education, Welfare

2. Appoints 2nd woman cabinet Sec in Oveta Hobby

3. St. Lawrence Seaway creates public power like TVA

4. Supported some federal support of education

5. Expands Social Security

6. Revised min. wage upward

Dynamic Conservatism

» Supported Civil Rights Act 1957 to guarantee political/social equality

» yet “doesn’t get civil rights”

» Appointed Earl Warren (CA gov.) as Chief Justice to Supreme Court…a liberal court develops

» Supported but failed to get more public housing

» Extends price supports and “soil bank” to farmers who struggle; paid not to cultivate land in some cases

Dynamic conservatismRaised gas taxes to build the Federal Interstate system:

Longest Interstate Routes:

• I-90 :Seattle, WA to Boston, MA 3,020.54 miles• I-80 :San Francisco, CA to Teaneck, NJ 2,899.54 miles• I-40 :Barstow, CA to Wilmington, NC 2,555.40 miles

Largest public works project ever built in US

The Red Scare: The Hollywood 10

• 10 producers, writers, and directors who had been or were Communist Party members

• Refused to testify

• 1st amendment– Eventually went to prison

• Blacklist or name names

HUAC (House Committee on Un-American Activities)

• Whittaker Chambers (journalist) said Alger Hiss was passing secret documents

• Nixon

• Pumpkin papers

• “there was a need to clean house”

• Loyalty oaths– Anti-homosexual rules– Teachers

The Red Scare: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

• US was looking for suspects• Soviet Union just detonated its first bomb• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested and executed for

giving bomb secrets

Joseph McCarthy(ism)• Ever changing undisclosed list of

communists working in the government (Wheeling WV)

• Part of the larger criticism of Truman’s government and reflected world happenings (China)

• Demagogue – people followed him

• Exemplifies how “broader executive authority was necessary to protect national security” (Gerstle)

• Army McCarthy Hearings

AFTER THIS ARE TWO SLIDES ON MCCARTHY IN MORE DEPTH – THE PREVIOUS ONE SHOULD SUFFICE FOR YOU THOUGH

• February 1950: The State Department is infested with communists:

• The Big Lie

– No evidence– Never exposed a single spy– 1000’s of people were eager to believe– When the accused denied charges, McCarthy

made even more wild accusations– Why? Real spies, Korea, ‘49 Soviets get the a-

bomb, ’53 Soviets get the hydrogen bomb : all are behind the public’s willingness to believe the accusations.

Army-McCarthy Hearings

– Millions watch hearings on new TVs• 32 witnesses, 71 half-day sessions, 187 hours of

TV air time• McCarthy’s scowl and sweaty face hurt his image• Senator McCarthy frequently threatened witnesses

with prosecution for contempt, but all cases were either thrown out of court or overturned on appeal.

– Lawyer representing the Army memorably asks:

• “Have you no sense of decency, sir?”– Senate votes to censure McCarthy, 67-22