Heidegger for Muslims' by Prof. Umar Ibrahim Vadillo (Dallas College, Cape Town, 2000)

7/31/2019 'Heidegger for Muslims' by Prof. Umar Ibrahim Vadillo (Dallas College, Cape Town, 2000)

1/32

Odeedw Gheekik

Mk`okiikr

ahr F{we`fw

Bp ^rha [fdr @brdm`f Qdo`eeh

4


2/32

Odeedw GheekikMkòkiikr, Ekwwhl 4

@ltrho{gt`hl

A`rwt% ph{ mdqk th clhy ymdt th k}~kgt dw d F{we`f h{t ha tmk wt{op ha Mkòkiikr, Mk ydw lht d

F{we`f% wh yk drk lht ehhc`li ahr dlwykrw dbh{t ymdt `w @wedf, Mk gdllht i`qk tmkf th {w, Ymdt

Mkòkiikr gdl mke~ {w y`tm `w th {lokrwtdlo tmk ydp ha tm`lc`li tmdt mdw bkghfk ~rkohf`ldlt `l tmk

Ykwt% dlo bp k}tklw`hl dee hqkr tmk yhreo, Mk gdeeko `t Fktd~mpw`gw, _mk yhro `w lht m`w% b{t mk rk&

gd~t{rko tmk hrì`lde fkdl`li ha tmk tkrf dlo idqk `t dl klghf~dww`li fkdl`li dw d thhe th oka`lk

tmk ydp ha tm`lc`li ha tmk Ykwt, _mdt ydp ha tm`lc`li gdl dewh bk gdeeko ^mèhwh~mp, Mkòkiikr

idqk dewh d lky fkdl`li th tm`w yhro tdc`li arhf tmk hrì`lde fkdl`li dlo `ltklt`hl ha `tw Adtmkrw%

tmk Dlg`klt Irkkcw, Mk ~edgko tmk bki`ll`li ha ^mèhwh~mp y`tm tmk yhrcw ha êdth dlo tmkl

Dr`wthtek, Dlo mk wdò tmdt tm`w ydp ha tm`lc`li% ~mèhwh~mp% gdrr`ko dl `lmkrklt krrhr arhf `tw

bki`ll`li, Mk gdeeko tmdt krrhr: "tmk ahrikta{elkww ha Bk`li,", Dw d a`rwt d~~rh}`fdt`hl th m`w

tm`lc`li yk yèe wdp tmdt Mkòkiikr fd`ltd`lko tmdt ^mèhwh~mp gdllht tm`lc _r{tm3 hr &ym`gm `w tmk

wdfk&% tmdt ymdt ~mèhwh~mp gdeew tr{tm `w lht _r{tm,

2


3/32

Ymp `w Mkòkiikr `f~hrtdlt th {w8

Bkgd{wk dee ha {w mdqk bkkl ko{gdtko th tm`lc `l tmk Ykwtkrl ydp ha tm`lc`li, _mk hlep ydp ha

tm`lc`li ym`gm `w dqdèdbek `l h{r wgmhhew dlo [l`qkrw`t`kw% tmdt `w% tmk tm`lc`li ha wg`klgk% tmk

tm`lc`li ha tkgmlhehip% tmk tm`lc`li ha tmkhehip% ~wpgmhehip% whg`hehip% dltmrh~hehip% ktg, Yk mdqk

dgg{wthfko h{rwkeqkw th tm`lc tm`w ydp, @t `w wh lhrfde% tmdt yk oh lht kqkl a`lo tmk lkko th k}~ehrk

h{r ydp ha tm`lc`li dlp a{rtmkr, Yk tdck ahr irdltko tmdt yk ydp yk tm`lc "`w" tmk ydp ha tm`lc`li,

A{ee wth~, Wh% ymp ih dlp a{rtmkr dbh{t whfktm`li ym`gm `w lhrfde8 Yk w`f~ep oh lht wkk `t dw

lkgkwwdrp, _mkl Mkòkiikr d~~kdrko, Ymkl mk wdò: "h{r ydp ha tm`lc`li mdw d a{lodfkltde

okakgt"% kqkrpbhop ydw wmhgcko, Mkòkiikr)w lky tm`lc`li ~{t `l {kwt`hl tmk {l{kwt`hldbek% tmk

{ltm`lcdbek: tmk qkrp kwwklgk ha h{r tm`lc`li, B{t ymdt `w wh ~kg{e`dr dbh{t Mkòkiikr)w gr`t`{k `w

tmdt mk oò lht br`li dlhtmkr k~`wtkfhehip% dlhtmkr ~mèhwh~mp, Mk oò lht {kwt`hl ~mèhwh~mpy`tm`l ~mèhwh~mp, Mk okgedrko lhtm`li htmkr tmdl "_mk Klo ha ^mèhwh~mp", Mk gehwko tmk wmh~ ha

d ydp ha tm`lc`li tmdt mdo bkkl drh{lo ahr tmk edwt 2%;>> pkdrw, _mk dykwhfk tm`li `w tmdt tm`w

tm`lc`li ydw lht j{wt "d tm`lc`li" `t `w "h{r tm`lc`li", _mk tm`lc`li y`tm ym`gm yk mdqk grkdtko

kqkrptm`li drh{lo {w% tmk tm`lc`li y`tm ym`gm yk tm`lc dbh{t h{rwkeqkw% tmk tm`lc`li y`tm ym`gm yk

tm`lc tkgmlhehip% okfhgrdgp% kghlhf`gw dlo kqkl Iho, _m`w `w ymdt ydw wh wmhgc`li, Dlo tm`w `w

ymp Mkòkiikr `w wh `f~hrtdlt, Dlo `t `w kqkl fhrk `f~hrtdlt th {w% F{we`fw% tmdl th dlpbhop kewk,

Yk gdl {lokrwtdlo Mkòkiikr `l d ydp tmk cdaa`r lkqkr yèe, @l d wklwk Mkòkiikr% y`tmh{t

clhy`li% ydw w~kdc`li ahr {w% dlo tmk c{aadr ymh mdqk lht {lokrwthho m`f% ~rhbdbep lkqkr yèe,

_mk E`f`tw ha Mkòkiikr

Mkòkiikr ekat whfktm`li {lrkwheqko, Mk a`l`wmko ^mèhwh~mp, B{t mk gh{eo hlep qdi{kep ~h`lt h{t

tmk ydp ahrydro, Mk rkwheqko tm`w ~rhbekf y`tm ymdt mk gdeew "~hktrp"% lht j{wt dlp ~hktrp% b{t tmk

~hktrp ha tmk hlk ymh `w lh ehlikr m`fwkea, _mk hlk tmdt ektw "tmk tm`liw wmhy tmkfwkeqkw" th m`f,

_mk hlk ymh `w lh ehlikr tmk hbwkrqkr% b{t tmk hbwkrqko, B{t mk gh{eo lht ih dlp a{rtmkr, @ yh{eo

lht wdp tmdt ymdt mk ~h`ltko h{t ydw lhtm`li% `t ydw qkrp `f~hrtdlt, B{t lhbhop pkt mdw ~`gcko {~

tm`w {la`l`wmko daad`r, Bkgd{wk tmk rkwhe{t`hl ha tmk Klo ha ^mèhwh~mp `w hlep hlk: @wedf, Datkr

Mkòkiikr)w gehw`li ha tmk wmh~ ha ~mèhwh~mp% hlep @wedf gdl tdck hqkr, _mk hlep ~hww`bek okwt`lp

ha tmk tm`lc`li ha tmk Ykwt% ha tmk Ykwt `twkea% `w @wedf, _m`w `w ymp @ wdp tmdt Mkòkiikr w~hck th {w%

bkgd{wk hlep yk% tmk F{we`fw% gdl a`l`wm m`w daad`r,

7


4/32

Mhy th Rkdo Mkòkiikr

Ph{ mdqk th {lokrwtdlo tmdt Mkòkiikr `w {kwt`hl`li h{r hyl ydp ha tm`lc`li, B{t mhy drk yk

ih`li th tm`lc Mkòkiikr htmkr tmdl y`tm h{r ydp ha tm`lc`li8 _m`w `w dee yk mdqk, Yh{eo lht h{r

ydp ha tm`lc`li ~rkqklt {w arhf tm`lc`li Mkòkiikr8 Dlo tmk dlwykr `w: `t yh{eo, _m`w `w ymp th

tm`lc Mkòkiikr ph{ mdqk th ~rk~drk ph{rwkea, Ph{ mdqk th deehy ph{rwkea th ydec y`tm m`f d e`ttek,

Ph{ mdqk th ehwk ph{rwkea d e`ttek, @a ph{ oh lht% à ph{ mheo hlth ph{r ydp ha tm`lc`li thh kdrep% ph{

yèe lht ikt tmk ~`gt{rk, Ph{ mdqk th ydec y`tm m`f ehli klh{im wh tmdt ph{ gdl {lokrwtdlo, Hlgk

ph{ mdqk rkdgmko tm`w ekqke% ph{ yèe bk dbek th {lokrwtdlo Mkòkiikr y`tm tmk wdfk kdw`lkww tmdt

ph{ rkdo d lhqke, _mkl Mkòkiikr bkghfkw k}trkfkep kdwp, @a lht Mkòkiikr bkghfkw hbwg{rk dlooàa`g{et% ym`gm `w mhy fhwt ~kh~ek -~mèhwh~mkrw k}~kr`klgk m`f,

Ymh Ydw Mkòkiikr8

Fdrt`l Mkòkiikr ydw bhrl `l Ikrfdlp `l 4==0 dlo o`ko `l 4091, Mk ydw tmk edwt ha tmk

~mèhwh~mkrw% tmk hlk ymh okgedrko tmdt Klo ha ^mèhwh~mp, M`w fd`l yhrc ydw Bk`li dlo _`fk

-4029 ym`gm ydw d fdjhr brkdctmrh{im `l tm`lc`li, @t ydw rkgk`qko y`tm klhrfh{w kltm{w`dwf dlo

akdr bp m`w ghltkf~hrdr`kw% fdlp ha ymh rkde`wko tmk qdwtlkww ha tmk dgm`kqkfklt, _mkl mk yrhtk

hqkr d 4>> htmkr bhhcw tmdt ghqkr tmh{wdlow ha drt`gekw dlo kwwdpw, M`w yhrc `w wtèe lht ghf~ektkep

~{be`wmko, @l d wklwk yk mdqk lht a`l`wmko o`wghqkr`li Mkòkiikr, Htmkr `f~hrtdlt bhhcw drk: Hl

tmk Kwwklgk ha _r{tm% Mheokre`l dlo tmk Kwwklgk ha ^hktrp% Kdrep Irkkc _m`lc`li% _mk T{kwt`hl

Ghlgkrl`li _kgmlhehip% Ekttkr hl M{fdl`wf% Hl tmk Ydp th Edli{dik% dlo fdlp htmkrw k{deep

`ltkrkwt`li,

@t `w `f~hrtdlt dewh th clhy ymh Mkòkiikr `w lht, Mk `w lht dl k}`wtklt`de`wt% bkgd{wk Mkòkiikr

ydw d eht fhrk tmdl tmdt dlo ph{ gdllht ~{t m`f `l tmk wdfk gdtkihrp dw Wdrtrk, Mk ydw lht d

~mklhfklhehi`wt% bkgd{wk detmh{im mk ekdrlko arhf M{wwkre% mk yklt bkphlo m`w tkdgmkr,

?


5/32

D Ydrl`li

_m`lc`li y`tm Mkòkiikr `w th tm`lc dt tmk koik ha tm`lc`li, Ph{ drk fhq`li `lth tmk arhlte`lk ha

tm`lc`li, _m`w `w d b`t e`ck ih`li dmkdo ha ph{r t`fk, Ph{ yèe bk k}~kr`klg`li tmk ~hww`bè`t`kw ha d

yhreo tmdt `w lht pkt tmkrk, Mkòkiikr yèe gmdlik ahr kqkr tmk ydp ph{ ehhc dt wg`klgkw%

dltmrh~hehip% ~he`t`gw% whg`hehip hr tmkhehip, Ph{ yèe lht bk dbek th bk ~krw{doko bp tmk`r ~rhhaw

dlo tmk`r rkdwhl`li% ym`gm ph{ yèe a`lo oka`g`klt dlo ~drt`de, _m`w `w ih`li th fdck ph{ akke e`ck d

fdl wklt bdgc th tmk Fòoek Dikw, Ph{ yèe wdp th ph{rwkea: ymdt drk tmkwk ~kh~ek oh`li w{rrh{loko

bp w{~krwt`t`h{w bke`kaw% adltdw`kw ym`gm tmkp klohrwk y`tm tmk`r hyl adltdwp ydp ha tm`lc`li8 Ph{

drk ih`li th bk dt hoow y`tm ph{r t`fk,

B{t tmk rkydro% tmk `ffklwk rkydro `w tmdt ph{ yèe bk dbek th k}~kr`klgk tmk iehrp ha ph{r okkly`tm dee `tw fdilà`gklt yhlokrw dlo ~hww`bè`t`kw arkk ha dee tmk geh{ow ha lhlwklwk dlo w{~krwt`t`hl

y`tm ym`gm `t mdw bkkl w{rrh{loko `l h{r ~rkwklt odpw, B{t dewh dt dl `lo`qò{de ekqke% ph{ yèe bk

dbek th ikt rò ha tmk geh{ow tmdt h{r ydp ha tm`lc`li `lkq`tdbep `f~hwkw hl tmk ~krwhlde

{lokrwtdlo`li ha h{r hyl rkeì`hl, Ymkl ph{ ehhc `l rktrhw~kgt ph{ yèe tm`lc tmdt ph{ drk

oàakrklt, Bk ~rk~drko ahr d irkdt doqklt{rk tmdt yèe wkt ph{ arkk th kljhp ph{r @wedf kqkl fhrk,

Lhy yk gdl wtdrt,

;


6/32

Odeedw Gheekik

Mkòkiikr, Ekwwhl 2

_m`lc`li dlo _r{tm

@ltrho{gt`hl

Dw d wtdrt @ mdqk tdckl tyh adfh{w kwwdpw ha Mkòkiikr "Ymdt `w Gdeeko _m`lc`li8" dlo "_mk

Kwwklgk ha _r{tm" dlo ghfb`lko tmkf th ~rho{gk d a`rwt d~~rh}`fdt`hl th Mkòkiikr)w tm`lc`li, Yk

yèe rkq`w`t tmkwk kwwdpw edtkr dw yk ~rhirkww, _mk òkd hl d ikltek kltrp `lth m`w tm`lc`li `w

rkghffkloko th ikt {wko th m`w "a{lodfkltde òkdw", Lkqkrtmkekww @ df ih`li th ih d e`ttek b`t adwtkr

tmdl m`f ahr tmk wdck ha dbbrkq`dt`hl dlo bp tdc`li doqdltdik &ymkl d~~rh~r`dtk& ha h{r hyl

{lokrwtdlo`li ha clhyekoik `l W{a`wf,

_mk ^dtm _hydrow _m`lc`li

Mkòkiikr okwgr`bkw tmk ghf`li th rkde`wdt`hl ha m`w tm`lc`li dw d ~dtm ha h~kl`li aheehyko bp d

ekd~, _m`w a`lde ekd~ yèe wkt ph{ `lth d lky ~hw`t`hl y`tm rkidro th ph{r {lokrwtdlo`li ha tmk yhreo,

Ymdt ghfkw bkahrk `w tmk ~rk~drdt`hl ahr tmdt ekd~,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Bp ydp ha d wkr`kw ha ekgt{rkw% yk drk dttkf~t`li th ekdrl tm`lc`li, _mk ydp `w ehli, Yk odrk th

1


7/32

tdck hlep d aky wtk~w, @a dee ihkw ykee% tmkp yèe tdck {w th tmk ahhtmèew ha tmh{imt, B{t tmkp yèe tdck

{w th ~edgkw ym`gm yk f{wt k}~ehrk th rkdgm tmk ~h`lt ymkrk hlep tmk ekd~ yèe mke~ a{rtmkr, _mk

ekd~ dehlk tdckw {w `lth tmk lkìmbh{rmhho ymkrk tm`lc`li rkwòkw, _mk ekd~ yèe tdck {w dbr{~tep th

ymkrk kqkrptm`li `w oàakrklt% wh oàakrklt tmdt `t wtr`ckw {w dw wtrdlik," SY_% ~,42V

_mk Wmhgc`li Lkyw

Mkòkiikr wktw m`w tm`lc`li d~drt arhf wg`kltà`g kl{`rp -hr ~mèhwh~m`gde kl{`rp, Mk% `l adgt%

~rk~drkw {w ahr tmk wmhgc`li lkyw tmdt yk drk dbh{t th klgh{ltkr% ym`gm `w tmdt wg`klgk "ohkw lht

tm`lc", Hbq`h{wep% tmk tp~k ha tm`lc`li tmdt mk `w rkakrr`li th `w lht tmk tm`lc`li th ym`gm yk drk

dgg{wthfko, _mk ydp ha tm`lc`li tmdt yk drk dgg{wthfko th% arhf wgmhhe dlo [l`qkrw`tp% `w tmktm`lc`li ha wg`klgk, Mk `w wdp`li tmdt tmk tp~k ha tm`lc`li tmdt yk drk {wko th `w be`lo th d

a{lodfkltde fdttkr% d fdttkr tmdt kwgd~kw {w bkgd{wk ha tmk ydp yk kl{`rk, Dlo tmdt th ym`gm "h{r

tm`lc`li" `w be`lo `w tmk tr{k kekfklt ha tm`lc`li: _r{tm, _mk tr{k kekfklt ha tm`lc`li `w _r{tm, Pkt

wg`kltà`g tm`lc`li% ym`gm tdckw `tw rhhtw `l ~mèhwh~mp% `w be`lo th _r{tm, @t gdl hlep kl{`rk dbh{t

tmk kwwklgk ha _r{tm% b{t lht _r{tm, Dlo ymdt `w tmk kwwklgk ha _r{tm `l ~mèhwh~mp% `w tmk rkw{et ha

kl{`r`li tmrh{im ymdt8 ymkrk8 mhy8 _m`w `w ymdt Mkòkiikr gdeew kwwklt de tm`lc`li

-kwwklt`de`wf% ym`gm `w ghf~ektkep oàakrklt tmdl tm`lc`li,

Mkòkiikr wdpw tmdt wg`klgk ohkw lht tm`lc% `t hlep mdw "th oh y`tm tm`lc`li", _m`w "adwm`hl" ha

tm`lc`li &dw mk gdeew `t& `w hlep {wka{e `l dw f{gm dw ph{ drk dydrk ha tmk i{ea tmdt tmkrk `w bktykkl

tm`lc`li dlo "th oh y`tm tm`lc`li", Ymdt yk drk wdp`li `w tmdt tmk ydp ha tm`lc`li ha wg`klgk `w d

e`f`tko hlk% o{k lht th tmk rkwtr`gt`hl `f~hwko bp kqkrp a`keo ha tm`lc`li% b{t bdwko hl tmk ydp `t

tm`lcw -`t ohkw lht fdttkr ymdt, _mdt ydp ha tm`lc`li `w {wka{e à ph{ {lokrwtdlo `tw e`f`tdt`hlw% b{t

à ph{ i`qk th tm`w adwm`hl ha tm`lc`li dbwhe{tk qdeò`tp `t t{rlw `lth w{~krwt`t`hl, _mkl% `lwtkdo ha

bk`li {wka{e% `t bkghfkw d odlikr, _m`w `w e`ck ehhc`li dt tmk yhreo tmrh{im d rko aètkrko eklw, _m`w

`w {wka{e th {lokrwtdlo tmk oàakrklt `ltklw`t`kw ha rko `l ldt{rk, B{t ph{ gdllht ghlge{ok dw tmk

rkw{et ha ph{r rkwkdrgm tmdt tmk yhreo `w rko, _m`w `w wg`klt`wf% ym`gm k{dew w{~krwt`t`hl, @l

ghlge{w`hl% yk lkko th {lokrwtdlo tmdt tmkrk `w d i{ea% dl {lbròikdbek id~% bktykkl tm`lc`li dlo

wg`klgk,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Ahr `t `w tr{k tmdt ymdt ydw wdò wh adr% dlo tmk klt`rk o`wg{ww`hl tmdt `w th aheehy% mdqk lhtm`li th

9


8/32

oh y`tm wg`kltà`g clhyekoik% kw~kg`deep lht à tmk o`wg{ww`hl `twkea `w th bk d tm`lc`li, _m`w w`t{dt`hl

`w irh{loko `l tmk adgt tmdt wg`klgk `twkea ohkw lht tm`lc% dlo gdllht tm`lc &ym`gm `w `tw ihho ahrt{lk%

mkrk fkdl`li tmk dww{rdlgk ha `tw hyl ~h`ltko gh{rwk, Wg`klgk ohkw lht tm`lc, _m`w `w d wmhgc`li

wtdtkfklt, Ekt tmk wtdtkfklt bk wmhgc`li% kqkl tmh{im `ffko`dtkep doo tmk w{~~ekfkltdrp

wtdtkfklt tmdt lhlktmkekww wg`klgk deydpw dlo `l `tw hyl adwm`hl mdw th oh y`tm tm`lc`li, _mdt

adwm`hl% mhykqkr% `w ikl{`lk dlo ghlwk{kltep ar{`ta{e hlep datkr tmk i{ea mdw bkghfk q`w`bek tmdt

e`kw bktykkl tm`lc`li dlo tmk wg`klgk% e`kw tmkrk {lbròikdbep, _mkrk `w lh bròik mkrk &hlep tmk

ekd~, Mklgk tmkrk `w lhtm`li b{t f`wgm`ka `l dee tmk fdckwmàt t`kw dlo dwwkw) bròikw bp ym`gm fkl

thodp yh{eo wkt {~ d ghfahrtdbek ghffkrgk bktykkl tm`lc`li dlo wg`klgk," SY_% ~,=V

Ymdt @w _mk ^rhbekf8

_mk ~rhbekf dw yk wdò bkahrk `w tmk ydp(adwm`hl ha tm`lc`li, _mdt ydp ha tm`lc`li t{rlw "ymdt

f{wt bk tmh{imt" dydp arhf `t, B{t tmdt ym`gm y`tmordyw arhf tm`w ydp ha kl{`rp `w `l adgt tmk

fhwt `f~hrtdlt, _mdt ym`gm y`tmordyw arhf wg`klgk `w ymdt tr{k tm`lc`li `w dee dbh{t: _r{tm,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Ymdt f{wt bk tmh{imt dbh{t% t{rlw dydp arhf fdl, @t y`tmordyw arhf m`f, B{t mhy gdl yk mdqk

tmk ekdwt clhyekoik ha whfktm`li tmdt y`tmordyw arhf tmk bki`ll`li% mhy gdl yk kqkl i`qk `t d

ldfk8 Ymdtkqkr y`tmordyw rka{wkw drr`qde," SY_% ~,=&0V

Ymkl Mkòkiikr wdpw arhf tmk bki`ll`li mk fkdlw arhf tmk bki`ll`li ha tm`w ydp ha tm`lc`li% tmdt

`w% tmk tm`lc`li w`lgk êdth tmdt yk gdee ~mèhwh~mp,

Kwwklt`de _m`lc`li

Hlk ha tmk ydpw `l ym`gm Mkòkiikr gmdrdgtkr`wkw ~mèhwh~mp `w tmdt `t `w kwwklt`de tm`lc`li,

Kwwklt`de tm`lc`li `w d ydp ha tm`lc`li ym`gm kl{`rkw dbh{t tmk kwwklgk ha tm`liw,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Dgghro`li th dlg`klt ohgtr`lk% tmk kwwklgk ha d tm`li `w ghlwòkrko th bk ymdt tmk tm`li `w,"

STG_% ~, ?V

=


9/32

Yk dwc tmk {kwt`hl ghlgkrl`li tmk kwwklgk ha whfktm`li ymkl yk dwc "Ymdt `w `t8"

Mkrk ekt fk idqk ph{ d iìdlt`g wtk~ ahrydro% tmdt tmk c{aadr gdllht {lokrwtdlo, Ph{ gdllht oka`lk

Deedm bp ymdt8% ymkrk8% hr mhy8 Deedm `w bkphlo fkdw{rk, Mk `w lht ghf~drdbek th dlptm`li, _mk

wdfk `w d~~e`gdbek th _r{tm, _r{tm gdllht bk {lokrwthho bp dwc`li ymdt8% ymkrk8 hr mhy8 Yk rkdgm

Deedm% lht bp tmk `l{`w`t`qk f`lo b{t tmrh{im dlhtmkr d~~rhdgm dethiktmkr, Yk drk lht tmk

hbwkrqkrw% yk drk tmk hbwkrqko, Yk drk lht {kwt`hl`li% yk drk tmk hlkw {kwt`hlko, _m`w `w ymdt tmk

W{a`w gdee @mwdl, _mk oàakrklgk bktykkl tmkwk tyh d~~rhdgmkw `w "tmk ekd~",

_m`w {lokrwtdlo`li ~rho{gkw d ghf~ektk gmdlik `l h{r rkedt`hl th _r{tm dlo tm`lc`li, @t `f~e`kw tmdt

yk oh lht fdl{adgt{rk "adwm`hldbek _r{tm" -dgghro`li th h{r adwm`hl ha tm`lc`li, _mkrk `w lh w{gm

tm`li, Ymh kqkr tr`kw th rkdgm _r{tm y`tm tmdt ydp ha {kwt`hl`li `t hlep klgh{ltkrw whfktm`li kewk:m`fwkea, _r{tm y`tmordyw arhf kwwklt`de -~mèhwh~m`gde {kwt`hl`li, @a tmk kl{`rkr `w lht dydrk ha

tmk e`f`tdt`hl% mk yèe tm`lc tmdt ymdt ghfkw ahrydro dw tmk dlwykr ha m`w kl{`rp `w tmk _r{tm% b{t `t

`w lht, Dlo tmdt kl{`rkr yèe ahrkqkr bk ghla{wko, @a tmdt kl{`rkr kl{`rkw dbh{t Iho% mk yèe rkdgm

d ghlgk~t ha Iho% b{t lht Deedm, _m`w `w tmk yhreo ha tmkhehip, _mkhehip ohkw lht tm`lc,

_mk Fptm ha Ghffhl Wklwk

Mkòkiikr k}~ed`lw tmk rkdwhl bkm`lo tmk oàa`g{etp -hr lkieìklgk th {kwt`hl okk~ep `lth tm`lc`li

`twkea, Mk k}~ed`lw: w`lgk h{r ydp ha tm`lc`li mdw bkghfk lhrfde% yk dww{fk "ymdt `w tmk ~h`lt ha

{kwt`hl`li `t8" _mk lkko th {kwt`hl `t bkghfkw `ffko`dtkep w{~krae{h{w, Whfk ha tmk ghffhl

fptmw tmdt ~rkqkltw tm`w okk~ kl{`rp drk tmk ghlgk~tw ha "ghffhl wklwk" dlo "tmk hbq`h{w",

Yk tdck tmk dri{fklt arhf mkrk dlo Mkòkiikr wdpw:

"Lh hlk gdl kqdok tmk kqòklt gkrtd`ltp ha tmkwk ghlwòkrdt`hlw, Lhlk gdl eìmtep lkiekgt tmk`r

ghf~kee`li wkr`h{wlkww, B{t ymdt `w `t tmdt w~kdcw `l tmkwk ghlwòkrdt`hlw8 "Wh{lo" ghffhl wklwk,

@t mdr~w hl tmk okfdlo ahr ~de~dbek {tè`tp dlo `lqkìmw did`lwt clhyekoik ha tmk kwwklgk ha bk`liw%

ym`gm kwwklt`de clhyekoik mdw ehli bkkl gdeeko "~mèhwh~mp",

Ghffhl wklwk mdw `tw hyl lkgkww`tp3 `t dwwkrtw `tw rìmtw y`tm tmk ykd~hl ~kg{e`drep w{`tdbek th `t%

ldfkep% d~~kde th tmk "hbq`h{wlkww" ha `tw ged`fw dlo ghlwòkrdt`hlw, Mhykqkr% ~mèhwh~mp gdl

lkqkr rka{tk ghffhl wklwk% ahr tmk edtkr `w okda th tmk edli{dik ha ~mèhwh~mp, Lhr fdp `t kqkl

0


10/32

y`wm th oh wh% w`lgk ghffhl wklwk `w be`lo th ymdt ~mèhwh~mp wktw bkahrk `tw kwwklt`de q`w`hl,

Fhrkhqkr% yk h{rwkeqkw rkfd`l y`tm`l tmk wklw`beklkww ha ghffhl wklwk th tmk k}tklt tmdt yk

w{~~hwk h{rwkeqkw th bk wkg{rk `l tmhwk f{etàhrf "tr{tmw" ha ~rdgt`gde k}~kr`klgk dlo dgt`hl% ha

rkwkdrgm% ghf~hw`t`hl% dlo bke`ka, Yk h{rwkeqkw `ltklwàp tmdt rkw`wtdlgk ym`gm tmk "hbq`h{w" mdw th

kqkrp okfdlo fdok bp ymdt `w {kwt`hldbek,

_mkrkahrk kqkl à whfk {kwt`hl`li ghlgkrl`li tr{tm `w lkgkwwdrp% ymdt yk okfdlo `w dl dlwykr th

tmk {kwt`hl dw th ymkrk yk wtdlo thodp, Yk ydlt th clhy ymdt h{r w`t{dt`hl `w thodp, Yk gdee ahr

tmk ihde tmdt wmh{eo bk ~hw`tko ahr m{fdl bk`liw `l dlo ahr tmk`r m`wthrp, Yk ydlt tmk dgt{de "tr{tm",

Ykee tmkl & tr{tm$

B{t `l gdee`li ahr tmk dgt{de "tr{tm" yk f{wt derkdop clhy ymdt tr{tm dw w{gm fkdlw, Hr oh ykclhy hlep bp "akke`li" dlo "`l d iklkrde ydp"8 B{t `w lht w{gm qdi{k "clhy`li" dlo h{r

`loàakrklgk rkidro`li `t fhrk okwhedtk tmdl wmkkr ìlhrdlgk ha tmk kwwklgk ha tr{tm8" SK_% ~,471&9V

_mk [w{de Ghlgk~t ha "_r{tm"

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Ymdt oh yk hro`ldrèp {lokrwtdlo bp tr{tm8 _m`w kekqdtko pkt dt tmk wdfk t`fk yhrl dlo defhwt

o{ee yhro "tr{tm" fkdlw ymdt fdckw d tr{k tm`li tr{k, Ymdt `w d tr{k tm`li8 Yk wdp% ahr k}df~ek% "@t

`w d tr{k jhp th ghh~krdtk `l tmk dgghf~e`wmfklt ha tm`w tdwc," Yk fkdl tmdt `t `w ~{rkep dlo dgt{deep

d jhp, _mk tr{k `w tmk dgt{de, Dgghro`liep% yk w~kdc ha tr{k iheo `l o`wt`lgt`hl arhf adewk, Adewk iheo

`w lht dgt{deep ymdt `t d~~kdrw th bk, @t `w fkrkep d "wkfbedlgk" dlo tm{w `t `w lht dgt{de, Ymdt `w lht

dgt{de `w tdckl th bk tmk h~~hw`tk ha tmk dgt{de, B{t ymdt fkrkep wkkfw th bk iheo `w lkqkrtmkekww

whfktm`li dgt{de, Dgghro`liep% yk wdp fhrk ~rkg`wkep: dgt{de iheo `w ikl{`lk iheo, Pkt bhtm drk

"dgt{de"% tmk g`rg{edt`li gh{ltkrak`t lh ekww tmdl tmk ikl{`lk iheo, Ymdt `w tr{k dbh{t ikl{`lk iheo

tm{w gdllht bk okfhlwtrdtko fkrkep bp `tw dgt{de`tp, _mk {kwt`hl rkg{rw: ymdt oh "ikl{`lk" dlo

"tr{k" fkdl mkrk8 Ikl{`lk iheo `w tmdt dgt{de iheo tmk dgt{de`tp ha ym`gm `w `l dgghrodlgk y`tm ymdt

% deydpw dlo `l doqdlgk% yk "~rh~krep" fkdl bp "iheo", Ghlqkrwkep% ymkrkqkr yk w{w~kgt adewk

iheo% yk wdp, "Mkrk whfktm`li `w lht `l dgghro", Hl tmk htmkr mdlo% yk wdp ha ymdtkqkr `w "dw `t

wmh{eo bk": "@t `w `l dgghro," _mk fdttkr `w `l dgghro," SK_ 479&=V

Bkahrk yk ghlt`l{k ekt fk rkgdee ymdt yk mdqk doqdlgko wh adr hl tm`w th~`g, Mkòkiikr ~h`ltw h{t

4>


11/32

tmdt tmk yhro "tr{tm" mdw bkghfk tr`q`de`wko `l h{r edli{dik, Ekt {w tdck whfk doqdltdik mkrk

bkgd{wk ha tmk adgt tmdt yk drk F{we`fw, Yk wdp Deedm{e Md, _r{tm `l tmdt wkltklgk oykeew `l

dlhtmkr rkdef tmdl ymkl yk {wk tmk yhro tr{tm `l hro`ldrp edli{dik, _m`w ghffhl {wk ha tmk yhro

tr{tm `w derkdop bktrdp`li dlp dggkww th _r{tm, Ymdt yk fkdl ymkl yk {wk tmk yhro tr{k `l hro`ldrp

edli{dik derkdop ~h`ltw th whfktm`li qkrp oàakrklt tmdl `l tmk wkltklgk Deedm{e Md, Md `l

@wedf rkakrw th tmk Hlk% ym`gm `w mòokl arhf {w bp h{r hyl qkè`li, _r{tm `l hro`ldrp edli{dik `w d

ghok `l d "idfk ha dgghrodlgk", _m`w `w tmk dgghrodlgk bktykkl d ~rh~hw`t`hl hr wtdtkfklt -ehihw `l

tmk Irkkc wklwk% dlo yk yèe ghfk th tm`w edtkr dlo tmk dgt{de`tp ha tmk tm`li w~hckl dbh{t, _m`w

fkdlw tmdt lht hlep h{r tm`lc`li bktrdp {w dewh h{r edli{dik bktrdp {w `l h{r {kwt ahr tr{k tm`lc`li,

@t ekdow th ghla{w`hl,

"Mhykqkr% yk gdee tr{k lht hlep dl dgt{de jhp% ikl{`lk iheo% dlo dee bk`liw ha w{gm c`lo% b{t dewhdlo dbhqk dee yk gdee tr{k hr adewk h{r wtdtkfkltw dbh{t bk`liw% ym`gm gdl tmkfwkeqkw bk ikl{`lk hr

lht y`tm rkidro th tmk`r c`lo% ym`gm gdl bk tm{w hr htmkry`wk `l tmk`r dgt{de`tp, D wtdtkfklt `w tr{k à

ymdt `t fkdlw dlo wdpw `w `l dgghrodlgk y`tm tmk fdttkr dbh{t ym`gm tmk wtdtkfklt `w fdok, Mkrk

thh yk wdp% "@t `w `l dgghro" Lhy% tmh{im% `t `w lht tmk fdttkr tmdt `w `l dgghro b{t rdtmkr tmk

~rh~hw`t`hl," SK_% ~, 47=V

Ymdt dee tm`w tm`li fkdlw `w tmdt dggkww th tmk _r{tm mdw gmdliko `tw fkdl`li arhf bk`li

"{lqkè`li" -`l ~rkwhgrdt`g hr ~rk&~mèhwh~m`gde tm`lc`li tm`w `w gdeeko "{lghlgkdefklt"% dektmk`d `l

Irkkc fkdl`li tmk hlk tmdt kl{`rkw lkkow {lqkè`li wh tmdt tmk _r{tm gdl fdlàkwt th m`f3 th

dlhtmkr fkdl`li% d tmkhrp ha ghrrkw~hloklgk bktykkl d wtdtkfklt dlo ymdt yk {lokrwtdlo bp tmk

klt`tp `twkea, _mk a`rwt d~~rhdgm% "{lqkè`li"% `w ymdt yk {lokrwtdlo dw clhyekoik `l W{a`wf dlo

tmrh{im W{a`wf yk mdqk d gekdr `lo`gdt`hl ha ymdt `t fkdlw, _mk wkghlo% "d tmkhrp ha

ghrrkw~hloklgk" `w ~mèhwh~mp, _mrh{imh{t tmk m`wthrp ha ~mèhwh~mp tmk fkdl`li ha ymdt yk

{lokrwtdlo bp tmk "klt`tp" `twkea -êdth% Dr`wthtek% Okwgdrtkw% Cdlt% Ek`bl`z% Mkike% Wgmh~klmd{kr%

L`ktzwgmk mdqk ~rho{gko oàakrklt oka`l`t`hlw mdw gmdliko b{t tmk bdw`g ahrf{edt`hl ha

ghrrkw~hloklgk th rkdgm _r{tm mdw lht, _m`w ekdow Mkòkiikr th fdck d M`wthrp ha ^mèhwh~mp% d

m`wthrp ha Fktd~mpw`gw% bdwko hl tmk okqkeh~fklt ha tmk {lokrwtdlo`li ha tmdt klt`tp did`lwt ym`gm

tmk wtdtkfklt `w ghf~drko `l wkdrgm ha dgghrodlgk, Yk ekdqk dee tm`w ahr dlhtmkr gmd~tkr, Dt tm`w

wtdik ymdt yk ydlt th w`f~ep {lokrwtdlo `w tmdt tm`w tmkhrp ha ghrrkw~hloklgk `l ym`gm fhokrl

tm`lc`li oykeew ohkw lht rkdgm _r{tm, _r{tm y`tmordyw arhf tm`w ydp ha kl{`rp dlo `t `w lkqkr

rkdgmko, _mkrkahrk tmk qkrp fdttkr ha clhyekoik `w lkqkr rkdgmko, _mkrkahrk tmkrk `w lh tm`lc`li% hr

ymdt yk gdee tm`lc`li mdw ehwt `tw kekfklt,

44


12/32

Rkakrklgkw:

Y_% "Ymdt `w gdeeko _m`lc`li"% Mdr~kr dlo Rhy {be`wmkrw% Lky Phrc% 401=,

K_% "Hl tmk Kwwklgk ha _r{tm"% drt`gek yr`ttkl `l "^dtmfdrcw"% Gdfbr`oik [l`qkrw`tp ^rkww%

Gdfbr`oik% 400=,

TG_% "_mk T{kwt`hl Ghlgkrl`li _kgmlhehip"% Mdr~kr dlo Rhy ^{be`wmkrw% Lky Phrc% 4099

42


13/32

Odeedw Gheekik

Mkòkiikr, Ekwwhl 7

Ehihw dlo tmk B`rtm ha ^mèhwh~mp

@ltrho{gt`hl

_mk yhro ehihw trdlw~hrt {w th tmk yhreo ha tmk Dlg`klt Irkkcw, _mk Dlg`klt Irkkcw o`wghqkrko d

qkrp ~hykra{e dlo k}g`t`li "òkd", _mkp o`wghqkrko d lky ydp ha tm`lc`li, _m`w ydp ha tm`lc`li

wtdrtko y`tm êdth)w adwg`ldt`hl ha "tmkhrp", _mk "òkd" tmdt hlk gh{eo {lokrwtdlo tmk {l`qkrwk `l d

oktdgmko ydp% bp o`wghqkr`li tmk ~r`lg`~ekw tmdt {lokre`k tmk ~rha{w`hl ha ~mklhfkld, @t ydw%

`lokko k}g`t`li, B{t êdth dlo tmk trdo`t`hl tmdt aheehyko datkr m`f iht haa hl tmk yrhli trdgc bp

tm`lc`li tmdt hlk gh{eo mdqk d tmkhrp ha kqkrptm`li &kqkl m{fdl bk`liw `l tmk yhreo& dlo tmdt tmk

ydp m{fdl bk`liw rkedtk th tm`liw `w th mdqk dl `f~e`g`t tmkhrp dbh{t tmkf, êdth idqk th m`w ydp ha

tm`lc`li d {l`qkrwde qdeò`tp,

Mkòkiikr ydw lht did`lwt tm`w "tmkhrp" ha tmk Irkkcw, Mk tmh{imt `t ~hykra{e dlo `f~hrtdlt &b{t

e`f`tko, _mk ydp ha tm`lc`li ym`gm kqheqko arhf tm`w adwg`ldt`hl ha tmkhrp% dlo tmk fktmhohehip

y`tm ym`gm `t ydw dgghf~e`wmko drk tmk tmkfkw mkrk bkahrk {w, _m`w rdo`gde tm`lc`li ha tmk Irkkcw

ym`gm ydw `l`t`dtko y`tm êdth bkgdfk tmk irh{lo ha tmk ydp ha tm`lc`li ha tmk Ykwt ym`gm mdw

rkdgmko {w thodp, _m`w ydp ha tm`lc`li `w gdeeko ^mèhwh~mp,

_m`w `lqkwtìdt`hl tdckw {w th tmdt ~h`lt `l m`wthrp `l ym`gm tm`w kqklt thhc ~edgk, _mk t{rl`li ~h`lt

47


14/32


15/32

o{r`li dlo datkr tmk B`rtm ha ^mèhwh~mp, @t yèe mke~ {w th {lokrwtdlo tmk id~ tmdt ydw grkdtko dlo

tmk ok~drt{rk tmdt thhc ~edgk, _m`w `w ymdt fdttkrw th {w, Yk mdqk lh a{rtmkr lkko th k}~ehrk tmk

~rkwhgrdt`gw, _mkp mdqk lhtm`li ha {wk th {w, Yk mdqk klh{im y`tm @wedf,

Mkòkiikr ahg{wkw hl tyh ~hktw: ^drfklòkw dlo Mkrdge`t{w, Mk yrhtk eklitmp yhrcw hl tmk`r ydp

ha tm`lc`li, Ahr {w tm`w mdw hlep d wgmhedrep `ltkrkwt% b{t lht dl `ltkrkwt `l ymdt yk mdqk wkt dw h{r

ihdew `l rkdo`li Mkòkiikr, @t `w klh{im ahr {w th clhy tmk`r ldfkw% tmk`r ~edgk `l tmk gmrhlhehi`gde

m`wthrp dlo th {lokrwtdlo tmk`r ydp ha ehhc`li dt tr{tm, _mdt)w dee,

Mdq`li {lokrwthho tm`w bdgcirh{lo% lhy yk drk rkdop th {lokrwtdlo tmk B`rtm ha ^mèhwh~mp% tmdt

thhc ~edgk y`tm Whgrdtkw(êdth,

Ehi`g dlo _mk Edtkr Irkkcw

Ahr tmk edtkr Irkkcw% fdl wtdlow `l d oktdgmko rkedt`hl y`tm _r{tm% okr`q`li m`w hyl ldt{rk arhf tmdt

oktdgmfklt dlo k}`wt`li dw "tmk ehi`gde fdckr ha tr{tm", Mkrk tmk yhro ehi`g `w gr{g`de th {lokrwtdlo

tm`w "oktdgmko rkedt`hlwm`~", Mkrk ahr {w tmk yhro "oktdgmko" fkdlw th ehhc dydp arhf% th wk~drdtk

arhf% th ok~drt arhf, @l d wklwk `t `w tmk h~~hw`tk ha bk`li `lt`fdtk% fkdl`li bk`li gehwk% wkkc`li

gehwklkww, _mk W{a`w w~kdc ~rha{wkep dbh{t `lt`fdgp tmrh{imh{t tmk`r qdwt e`tkrdt{rk,

_mk k}~rkww`hl "ehi`g" `w dl dbbrkq`dt`hl ha tmk Irkkc "ehi`ck", _h ghf~ektk `tw fkdl`li% tmk yhro

"k~`wtkfk" f{wt bk dooko: "ehi`ck k~`wtkfk"% hr tmk wg`klgk tmdt okdew y`tm ehihw, Mkrk ehihw

fkdlw dw f{gm dw w~kkgm% w~kgà`gdeep `l tmk wklwk ha wtdtkfklt% ~rko`gdt`hl, Wtdtkfklt fkdlw th

wdp whfktm`li dbh{t whfktm`li% w{gm dw: tmk bhop `w mkdqp% tmk tr`dliek `w k{èdtkrde% ktg, W{gm

wtdtkfkltw k}~rkww d oktkrf`l`li whfktm`li dw whfktm`li% d "oktkrf`ldt`h" Sy`tmh{t &lV, Yk gdee

tm`w oktkrf`l`li tm`lc`li, Dgghro`liep ehi`g% tmk wg`klgk ha ehihw% bkgdfk tmk wg`klgk ha tm`lc`li,

Ymdt `w `f~hrtdlt th {w mkrk% `w tmdt d ydp ha tm`lc`li ydw grkdtko tmdt thhc `tw bdw`w `l ehihw, _m`w

ydp ha tm`lc`li `w derkdop oktkrf`lko dlo e`f`tko bp `tw hyl dttdgmfklt th ehihw, Ymdt wtkfw h{t

ha tm`lc`li tmrh{im ehihw `w tmk "rkedt`hlwm`~ th tr{tm" ym`gm ghfkw dwwhg`dtko th tmk oktkrf`l`li ha

whfktm`li DW whfktm`li, _mdt oktkrf`l`li `f~e`kw d fkdw{r`li {~ ha tmdt ym`gm tmk wtdtkfklt `w

fdok% tmk dok{dt`h% tmk ghrrkgtlkww% ymdt yk iklkrdeep fkdl bp tmk tr{tm ha tmk wtdtkfklt,

4;


16/32

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Ehihw gdl bk fdok dok{dtk hr fdok `ldok{dtk% tr{k hr adewk, Kqkrp adgt{de wtdtkfklt hr adgt{de

ehihw `w lkgkwwdrèp k`tmkr tr{k hr adewk, -D ged`f th bk w{rk ym`gm yèe hgg{~p {w d irkdt okde edtkr"

SFAE% ~,2V

_mk ehi`g ha tmk Irkkcw brh{imt d lky ydp ha rkedt`li th tr{tm tmdt ydw ih`li th gmdlik kqkrptm`li

arhf tmkl hl, _r{tm `w tmrh{im ehi`g d tmkhrp ha ghrrkw~hloklgk, @t `w lh ehlikr "{lghlgkdefklt"

-dektmk`d, _mk lky rkedt`hlwm`~ mdw d lky o`rkgt`hl: `t ihkw arhf tmk @ -tmk w{bjkgt ymh wtdtkw th

tmk tr{tm ha tmk klt`tp -tmk hbjkgt ym`gm `w wtdtko, _m`w `w dl `lqkrw`hl ha tmk ~rkq`h{w d~~rhdgm% `l

ym`gm _r{tm fdlàkwtw th {w,

_m`lc`li `l tmk ahrf ha wtdtkfkltw `w deydpw tm`lc`li dbh{t "whfktm`li", @t gdllht tm`lc dbh{tlhtm`li, _m`w k}~rkww`hl% "tm`lc`li dbh{t lhtm`li" `w dfbì{h{w, A`rwt% `t gdl fkdl "lht th tm`lc",

B{t tm`lc`li gdllht bk lht tm`lc`li, _mkrkahrk tm`lc`li mdw th br`li kqkrptm`li th bk tmh{imt%

`lge{o`li lhtm`li -ymdt gdllht bk tmh{imt dw ehihw3 lhtm`li dw `l tmk ehi`g ha "Iho `w lhtm`li"%

`lth "whfktm`li" a`rwt, _mdt "whfktm`li" `w ymdt gdl bk tmh{imt dlo k}~rkwwko tmrh{im ehihw,

Ymdtkqkr ehihw gdllht k}~rkww gdllht bk tmh{imt, _m`w `w derkdop ~edg`li d k}ge{w`hl ha ymdt

gdllht bk gd~t{rko bp tmdt ydp ha tm`lc`li% tmdt `w th wdp% `w dl k}ge{w`hl ha ymdt `w èehi`gde,

Ymkl tm`w e`f`tdt`hl `w lht {lokrwthho% ehi`g ihkw bkphlo `twkea dlo ged`fw d {l`qkrwde gd~dg`tp, @t

ged`fw ahr `twkea tmk gd~dg`tp th tm`lc kqkrptm`li, Ymdt `l adgt `t ohkw `w tmdt `t rko{gkw kqkrptm`li th

ymdt gdl bk tmh{imt ehi`gdeep, _r{tm `w tmk a`rwt q`gt`f, _r{tm `w lh ehlikr wkkl tmrh{im dektmk`d% b{t

`t bkghfkw d tmkhrp ha ghrrkw~hloklgk: à d wtdtkfklt `w `l dgghrodlgk y`tm tmk klt`tp% tmkl `t `w tr{k,

Ymdtkqkr "`w" bkahrk hr bkphlo tmk wtdtkfklt ym`gm "`w" wtèe ~drt ha tmk klt`tp `w "o`wrkidroko" dlo

`t ohkw lht daakgt tmk ghrrkgtlkww ha tmk wtdtkfklt, Ymkl edtkr ~m ehwh~mkrw -tmk Wgmhedwt gw

o`wghqkr tm`w adwg`ldt`li ydp ha tm`lc`li ha tmk Irkkcw tmkp d~~e`ko `t th "clhyekoik" ha Iho, Iho%

`lkq`tdbep `w rko{gko th "whfktm`li" -ehi`gde `l hrokr th bk tmh{imt, Pkt% Iho `w lkqkr tmh{imt% hlep

tmk ghlgk~t ha Iho `w tmh{imt, _mk ~rhbekf mkrk `w tmdt tmk rkw{et ha ehi`g)w ged`f ha {l`qkrwde`tp `w

tmdt "kqkrptm`li" f{wt bkghfk whfktm`li% bkahrk `t gdl bk tmh{imt,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Dw wg`klgk ha tm`lc`li `l iklkrde% ehi`g w`f~ep ohkw lht ghlwòkr tm`lc`li {d tm`lc`li ha tm`w hr

tmdt hbjkgt ha w{gm&dlo&w{gm ~rh~krt`kw, @t ohkw lht dttklo th tmk w~kg`de ymdt dlo mhy ha tmdt th

ym`gm tm`lc`li rkedtkw, B{t tm`w o`wrkidro ha tmk ~drt`g{edr w{bjkgt&fdttkr dlo ydp ha bk`li ha tmk

41


17/32

tm`li tmh{imt dbh{t lkqkr `f~e`kw tmdt tm`lc`li `l iklkrde ohkw lht rkedtk th dlptm`li, @t hlep

`f~e`kw tmdt tmk hbjkgt ha tm`lc`li `w `rrkekqdlt &dw ehli dw tmdt dbh{t ym`gm tm`lc`li tm`lcw ghlarhlt

{w% dw w{gm% dw "whfktm`li","SFAE% ~,7V

_mk oka`l`t`hl ha ymdt `w "whfktm`li"% tmdt ym`gm gdl bk tmh{imt tmrh{im ehi`g% yèe kqheqk tmrh{im

m`wthrp% grkdt`li ymdt Mkòkiikr oka`lko dw d m`wthrp ha bk`li% hr d m`wthrp ha ~mèhwh~mp, _mk

fktmho rkfd`lw Irkkc% b{t tmk oka`l`t`hl ha "bk`li whfktm`li" hr w`f~ep "bk`li" tmdt gdl bk

tmh{imt yèe gmdlik y`tm t`fk, _mk r{ekw ha tmh{imt tmdt gdfk arhf tm`w wpwtkf ha "ghrrkw~hloklgk"

mdqk rkfd`lko deydpw {lgekdr, _mdt edgc ha gedr`tp `w ymdt trìikrko tmk wpwtkfdt`wdt`hl ha tm`w ydp

ha tm`lc`li `l wkdrgm ha gedr`tp -ymdt `l adgt tm`w wpwtkfdt`wdt`hl dgm`kqko ydw d a{rtmkr oktdgmfklt

arhf _r{tm% dlo `t `w tmk bdw`w `l ym`gm yk gdl w~kdc ha d m`wthrp -dw kqhe{t`hl ha ~mèhwh~mp, _mk

ehi`g tmdt okqkeh~ko {lokr tmk `f~kt{w ha êdth dlo Dr`wthtek wheòàp `lth dl dgdokf`g o`wg`~e`lkhlep `l tmk Wthd -tmk Wth`gw `l tmk edwt gklt{r`kw bkahrk tmk Gmr`wt`dl krd, Gklt{r`kw edtkr% ymkl yk

rkdgm Cdlt -dehli y`tm Ek`bl`z tmk tr{k adtmkr ha fhokrl wg`klgk% tmk fdrc ha tmk Irkkcw `w wtèe

tmkrk, Cdlt yrhtk `l tmk ^{rk Gr`t`{k ha Rkdwhl:

"_mdt ehi`g mdw derkdop% arhf tmk kdre`kwt t`fkw% ~rhgkkoko {~hl tm`w w{rk ~dtm `w kqòklgko bp tmk

adgt tmdt% w`lgk Dr`wthtek% `t mdw lht rk{`rko th rktrdgk d w`liek wtk~% {lekww% `lokko% yk gdrk th gh{lt

dw `f~rhqkfkltw tmk rkfhqde ha gkrtd`l lkkoekww w{btekt`kw hr tmk gekdrkr k}~hw t`hl ha `tw

rkghil`zko tkdgm`li% akdt{rkw ym`gm ghlgkrl tmk kekidlgk rdtmkr tmdl tmk gkrtd`ltp ha tmk wg`klgk, @t

`w rkfdrcdbek dewh tmdt% th tmk ~rkwklt odp% tmdt ehi`g mdw lht bkkl dbek th doqdlgk d w`liek wtk~% dlo

tm{w th dee d~~kdrdlgkw `t `w d gehwk dlo ghf~ektko bhop ha ohgtr`lk, _mdt ehi`g wmh{eo mdqk bkkl

tm{w w{ggkwwa{e `w dl doqdltdik ym`gm `t hykw klt`rkep th `tw e`f`tdt`hlw% ymkrkbp `t `w j{wtà`ko `l

dbwtrdgt`li &`lokko% `t `w {lokr hbe idt`hl th oh wh& arhf dee hbjkgtw ha clhyekoik dlo tmk r

oàakrklgkw% ekdq`li tmk {lokrwtdlo`li lhtm`li th okde y`tm wdqk `twkea dlo `tw ahrf," SFAE% ~,?V

Yk yèe lht pkt doorkww h{rwkeqkw th tmk adgt tmdt Cdlt m`fwkea% tmh{im {`tk {lgekdrep dlo

{lgkrtd`lep% thhc d wtk~ ym`gm t{rlko h{t th bk tmk a`rwt wtk~ ahrydro `l ~mèhwh~m`gde ehi`g w`lgk

Dr`wthtek dlo êdth, B{t Cdlt oò lht brkdc arhf ehi`g% mk ydw d rkahrfkr ha ehi`g% mk ydw dlhtmkr

~mèhwh~mkr,

_mdt Irkkc kqklt% ym`gm yk mdqk gdeeko tmk b`rtm ha ~mèhwh~mp% mdw rkdgmko {w thodp y`tm tmk wdfk

qìh{r dlo adwg`ldt`hl y`tm ym`gm `t ydw a`rwt klgh{ltkrko, _mdt kqklt% tmk b`rtm ha ~mèhwh~mp% `w

wtèe ~rkwklt y`tm {w tmrh{im tmk fhokrl wg`klgkw y`tm ym`gm "h{r yhreo" `w bk`li ghlwtr{gtko thodp,

49


18/32

Ghlge{ww`hl

_mk b`rtm ha ~mèhwh~mp rk~rkwkltko tmk grkdt`hl ha d ydp ha tm`lc`li tmdt trdlwahrfko tmk ldt{rk ha

h{r rkedt`hl th _r{tm% dlo `f~e`g`tep h{r {lokrwtdlo`li ha _r{tm, _m`w trdlwahrfdt`hl rk~edgko

clhyekoik arhf bk`li {lokrwthho dw {lghlgkdefklt th d tmkhrp ha ghrrkw~hloklgk ha ehihw, _m`w

trdlwahrfdt`hl gmdliko tmk ydp fdl m`fwkea ydw ih`li th bk {lokrwthho, _mk `lt`fdtk rkedt`hl tmdt

bh{lo tmk wkkckr th _r{tm dw d "ehg{w ha tmk wkea&o`wgehw{rk ha _r{tm" ydw trdlwahrfko `lth d

oktdgmko rkedt`hl tmdt de`kldtko tmk kl{`rkr arhf _r{tm dw d "ehi`gde fdckr ha tr{tm", _m`w ok~drt{rk

ydw tmk kqklt ha tmk b`rtm ha ~mèhwh~mp,

H{r gr`t`g`wf ha ~mèhwh~mp ohkw lht fkdl tmdt tm`w ydp ha tm`lc`li `w {wkekww, H{r gr`t`g`wf `w tmdttm`w ydp ha tm`lc`li `w e`f`tko, _mk edgc ha dydrklkww ha tm`w e`f`tdt`hl `w tmk odlikr, @tw ged`f th

mdqk dbwhe{tk qdeò`tp `w tmk odlikr,

_m`w kqklt ydw bhrl `l Irkkgk% b{t `l yklt bkphlo tmk Irkkcw dlo `t adwg`ldtko dlo wmd~ko tmk ydp

ha tm`lc`li ha tmk Ykwt% tmdt `w% ~mèhwh~mp, _mdt ydp ha tm`lc`li o`wghqkrko bp tmk Irkkcw `w

kfbkooko `l tmk ydp ha tm`lc`li ha ymdt edtkr gdfk th bk clhyl dw fhokrl wg`klgk, Yk drk e`q`li

`l d yhreo ohf`ldtko bp tmk w`li{edr`tp ha tmdt kqklt tmdt thhc ~edgk 2%;>> pkdrw dih, @t `w `f~hrtdlt

th clhy `t à yk drk th {lokrwtdlo tmk ydp yk tm`lc thodp,

_mk ^mèhwh~mp ha tmk Irkkcw dlo @bl R{wmo

Yk ydlt th br`kaep ok~drt arhf h{r o`wg{ww`hl hl Mkòkiikr th ~h`lt h{t dl `ltkrkwt`li kqklt `l h{r

m`wthrp drh{lo tmk aì{rk ha @bl R{wmo,

Gmr`wt`dl`tp% tm`w odrc rkeì`hl% ìlhrko dlo okwtrhpko tmk tm`lc`li ha tmk Irkkcw, _mk Irkkcw mdo

bkkl defhwt ahrihttkl `l tmk Ykwt, @wedf hl tmk htmkr mdlo% mdo `ltkrdgt`hlw -ihho dlo bdo y`tm `t,

_mk fhwt lhtdbek ha tmkwk `ltkrdgt`hlw `w tmk adfh{w dri{fklt tmdt thhc ~edgk bktykkl de&Imdzde`

dlo @bl R{wmo, De&Imdzde` yrhtk tmk "@lghmkrklgk ha tmk ^mèhwh~mkrw" -_dmda{t de&Adedwàd% dlo

@bl R{wmo rk~e`ko y`tm tmk "@lghmkrklgk ha tmk @lghmkrklgk" -_dmda{t de&_dmda{t, _mk fdttkr ha tmk

dri{fklt ydw tmk yr t`liw ha @bl W`ld% ymh mdo `lghr~hrdtko trdgkw ha lkh~edthl`g ohgtr`lk

4=


19/32

wtkff`li fd`lep arhf êht`l{w -q`d Dr`wthtek dlo ^rhge{w th ym`gm ykrk dooko whfk kekfkltw ha

^krw`dl trdo`t`hl, @bl W`ld wh{imt th `ltkirdtk dee dw~kgtw ha wg`klgk dlo rkeì`hl `l d irdlo

fktd~mpw`gde q`w`hl, Bhtm De&Imdzde` dlo @bl R{wmo gr`t`g`wko m`f, Dlo `l tmk`r hyl ydp% tmkp

ykrk bhtm rìmt, De&Imdzde`% w`f~ep okl`ko dlp `lqheqkfklt y`tm tm`w Irkkc ydp ha tm`lc`li arhf d

~{rk @wedf`g ~krw~kgt`qk, @bl R{wmo okl`ko @bl W`ld thh% b{t mk ekat tmk ohhr h~kl th {wk tm`w ydp ha

tm`lc`li ~rhqòko tmdt `tw e`f`tdt`hlw ykrk {lokrwthho, @bl R{wmo% ~h~{edrep clhyl dw tmk F{we`f

~mèhwh~mkr% ydw lht d ~mèhwh~mkr -@bl W`ld ydw d ~mèhwh~mkr b{t mk h~kl tmk ohhr th ~mèhwh~mp,

@bl R{wmo% yrhtk tmk bhhc "Okg`w`qk _rkdt`wk dlo K}~hw`t`hl ha tmk Ghf~dt`bè`tp ha Rkeì`h{w

Edyw dlo ^mèhwh~mp" ymkrk mk k}df`lko tmk e`f`tw ha ~mèhwh~mp {lokr tmk hqkrdee w{~rkfdgp ha

tmk Rkqkedt`hl, [lahrt{ldtkep tmk k}~ehw`hl ha wg`klgkw tmdt d~~kdrko {lokr tmk F{rdb`t{l `l de&

Dlode{w% ha ym`gm @bl R{wmo ydw d a{lodfkltde ~drt% ydw wehyep okwtrhpko bp tmk br{tde

`lghf~rkmklw`hl ha tmk F{ydmò{l, _mk `lmkr`tdlgk ha @bl R{wmo% ydw "wthekl" arhf {w dlo `twtrdlwedt`hlw trìikrko tmk "rk&o`wghqkrp" ha tmk Irkkcw `l tmk Ykwt% b{t y`tmh{t tmk e`f`tdt`hlw mk

mdo ~edgko hl tmk bdw`w ha tmk w{~rkfdgp ha tmk Rkqkedt`hl dlo Wmdr`dm, H{r gmdlgk ha ekdo`li

wg`klgk y`tm`l tmk Wmdr`dm ydw ehwt dlo yk lkqkr fdldiko th gdtgm {~ y`tm `t did`l,

_mkrk `w lh ~h`lt `l fh{rl`li, Dlo @bl R{wmo)w q`ky ha ~mèhwh~mp gdl mke~ {w qkrp e`ttek thodp,

_mk ~mèhwh~mp ha Dr`wthtek mdw {laheoko `lth d wg`klt`wf tmrh{im tmk yhrc ha Okwgdrtkw% Ek`bl`z%

Cdlt dlo htmkrw% ym`gm @bl R{wmo yh{eo lht mdqk kqkl `fdi`lko, @l tm`w wklwk de&Imdzde` ydw

rìmt, B{t @ ~rkakr @bl R{wmo% bkgd{wk mk dlt`g`~dtko tmk ~htklt`de% ~rhqòko tmdt tmk e`f`tw ha tm`w

ydp ha tm`lc`li ykrk {lokrwthho, Yk hyk th h{rwkeqkw% th rkgd~t{rk tm`w `ww{k dlo th wkt tmk

~drdfktkrw hlgk did`l, _m`w `w d tdwc ahr h{r iklkrdt`hl,

Rkakrklgkw

B_% "Bk`li dlo _`fk"% Bdwè Bedgcykee% H}ahro% 4012,

FAE% "_mk Fktd~mpw`gde Ah{lodt`hlw ha Ehi`g"% @lo`dld [l`qkrw`tp ^rkww% Behhf`lithl%

40=?,

40


20/32

Odeedw Gheekik

Mkòkiikr, Ekwwhl ?

Fdl dlo M{fdl Wg`klgkw

@ltrho{gt`hl

H{r w{bjkgt mkrk `w fdl, [lokrwtdlo`li fdl `w {lokrwtdlo`li tmk fhwt `f~hrtdlt tm`li ha tmk

yhreo, @l tm`w yhreo% lhtm`li ghf~drkw th `tw `f~hrtdlgk, Fdl `w bhtm ~drt ha tmk yhreo dlo dewh tmk

wkkckr ha clhyekoik dbh{t tmk yhreo, _h {lokrwtdlo m`f `w d a{lodfkltde tdwc gr`t`gde th

{lokrwtdlo`li tmk yhreo, @a yk adè th {lokrwtdlo ymh yk drk yk yèe adè th {lokrwtdlo tmk yhreo,

Mkòkiikr ged`fw tmdt tmk ~mèhwh~m`gde trdo`t`hl mdw f`wokwgr`bko dlo f`w`ltkr~rktko tmk m{fdl

bk`li, _mkrkahrk% dw d a`rwt wtk~ `l m`w ~rhjkgt mk dttkf~tw th yhrc h{t d arkwm dldepw`w ha ymdt `t `w th

bk m{fdl, Hbq`h{wep tmk rkw{etw% à wh{lo% drk `f~hrtdlt ahr dlphlk ymh ydltw th {lokrwtdlo ymdt

whrt ha bk`li mk hr wmk `w, Mkòkiikr)w ghlge{w`hlw drk tmkrkahrk gr{g`de ahr tmk m{fdl wg`klgkw% ahr

`t wmh{eo bk hbq`h{w tmdt hlk gdllht {lokrwtdlo whfktm`li {lekww hlk mdw dl dgg{rdtk dggh{lt ha

ymdt `t `w hlk `w trp`li th {lokrwtdlo, _m{w% ahr k}df~ek% à hlk tm`lcw ha fdl dw d "rdt`hlde dl`fde"%

wheq`li ~rhbekfw dlo dgt`li hl tmk bdw`w ha bke`kaw dlo okw`rkw% dw tmk trdo`t`hl mdw ohlk w`lgk

Dr`wthtek% hl yèe okqkeh~ d tmkhrp ha f`lo% okg`w`hl&fdc`li% r{ek&aheehy`li% ktg,% th dggh{lt ahr

tm`w ydp ha bk`li, @a tm`w okwgr`~t`hl ha m{fdl rkde`tp t{rlw h{t th bk w{~kra`g`de% dee tmdt mdro yhrc

yèe mdqk bkkl `l qd`l,

2>


21/32

_mk Wìlà`gdlgk ha Odwk`l

Mkòkiikr lht wdt`wa`ko y`tm tmk ~mèhwh~m`gde oka`l`t`hl ha fdl% ahrikw d lky tkrf "Odwk`l"% dw tmk

klt`tp ym`gm yk dee drk, Yk rkgdee tmdt tmk q`ky ha tmk ~rkwhgrdt`gw ydw tmdt fdl ydw "tmk ehg{w ha

tmk wkea&o`wgehw{rk ha _r{tm" dlo y`tm tmk ghf`li ha ~mèhwh~mp fdl wtdrtko th bkgdfk tmk "ehi`gde

fdckr ha tr{tm", Ahr tmk edtkr Irkkcw tmk oka`l`t`hl ydw "zhhl ehihl kgmhl" ym`gm `w trdo`t`hldeep

`ltkr~rktko dw "rdt`hlde dl`fde", _mk adg{etp tmkrkahrk tmdt oka`lkw fdl `w m`w mdq`li rkdwhl,

Mkòkiikr wkkw tm`w oka`l`t`hl dw ~rhbekfdt`g dlo tr`kw th "rkt{rl" th tmk ~rkwhgrdt`g `lt`fdtk rkedt`hl

y`tm _r{tm% bp ldf`li fdl y`tm d lky yhro: Odwk`l, E`tkrdeep Odwk`l `l Ikrfdl fkdlw "Bk`li&

_mkrk", Odwk`l `w "tmk ehg{w ymkrk bk`li fdl`wakwtw", Odwk`l `w rkidroko dw tmk gekdr`li -E`gmt{liha tmk o`wgehw{rk ha Bk`li, _m`w oka`l`t`hl `w f{gm gehwkr th tmk ~rkwhgrdt`g q`ky ha fdl, _m`lc`li

Odwk`l rk~rkwkltw tmk klo ha M{fdl`wf,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"_mk ~rhbekfdt`g ha Irkkc hlthehip% e`ck tmdt th dlp htmkr% f{wt tdck `tw ge{kw arhf Odwk`l `twkea, @l

bhtm hro`ldrp dlo ~mèhwh~m`gde {wdik% Odwk`l% fdl)w Bk`li% `w oka`lko dw tmk "zhhl ehihl kgmhl"

&dw tmdt e`q`li tm`li ymhwk Bk`li `w kwwklt`deep oktkrf`lko bp tmk ~htklt`de`tp ahr o`wgh{rwk, Ekik`l

`w tmk ge{k ahr drr`q`li dt tmhwk wtr{gt{rkw ha Bk`li ym`gm bkehli th tmk klt`t`kw yk klgh{ltkr `l

doorkww`li h{rwkeqkw th dlptm`li hr w~kdc`li dbh{t `t, " SB_% ~, ?9V

_mk ~mrdwk "zhhl ehihl kgmhl" `w tmk ~h`lt ha ok~drt{rk, _rdo`t`hldeep trdlwedtko dw "rdt`hlde

dl`fde"% hl tmk dww{f~t`hl tmdt ehihw rkakrw th tmk adg{etp ha rkdwhl, Mkòkiikr% mhykqkr% ~h`ltw h{t

tmdt ehihw `w okr`qko arhf tmk wdfk rhht dw tmk qkrb ekik`l -th tdec% th mheo o`wgh{rwk3 mk òkltà`kw

tm`w `l t{rl y`tm lhk`w -th ghil`zk% th bk dydrk ha% th clhy% dlo gdeew dttklt`hl th tmk adgt tmdt tmk

wdfk wtkf `w ah{lo `l tmk dojkgt`qk "o`dekgt`ghw" -o`dekgt`gde, Mk `ltkr~rktw ehihw dw "o`wgh{rwk" hr

d "tdec", _mkrkahrk tmk oka`l`t`hl ha fdl dw rdt`hlde dl`fde `w derkdop d ok~drt{rk arhf tmk hrì`lde

Irkkcw, _m`w oka`l`t`hl yèe ok~drt kqkl a{rtmkr tmrh{imh{t tmk m`wthrp ha ^mèhwh~mp, _mk lk}t ckp

kqhe{t`hldrp ok~drt{rk ghfkw y`tm Okwgdrtkw,

_mk Gdrtkw`dl `ltkr~rktdt`hl ha tmk ldt{rk ha tmk yhreo mdw bkkl wh hqkrymkef`liep `lae{klt`de `l

oktkrf`l`li tmk ymhek fhokrl h{tehhc dlo ydp ha {lokrwtdlo`li tm`liw tmdt Mkòkiikr ghlwòkrko

`t lkgkwwdrp th k}df`lk `t dt eklitm, Bp ghltrdwt% tm`w k}df`ldt`hl ha Gdrtkw`dl tm`lc`li dewh gedrà`kw

24


22/32

tmk `ltklt`hl ha Mkòkiikr m`fwkea dlo br`liw `lth rke`ka tmk rkqhe{t`hldrp gmdrdgtkr ha m`w hyl

d~~rhdgm,

Ahr Okwgdrtkw tmk hlep ~rh~kr fhok ha dggkww th tmk yhreo `w tmk adg{etp ha clhy`li% "`ltkeekgt`hl"%

`l tmk wklwk ha fdtmkfdt`gde&~mpw`gde clhyekoik% d ydp ha ghf~rkmklo`li tmk klt`t`kw ym`gm dehlk%

dgghro`li th m`f% klw{rkw gkrtd`l irdw~ ha tmk`r bk`li, Mkòkiikr okwgr`bkw tm`w ydp ha tm`lc`li dw

aheehyw: "Ymdt `w w{gm% `l `tw fhok ha bk`li% tmdt `t wdt`wa`kw tmk ghlgk~t`hl ha Bk`li dw dggkww`bek th

tmk fdtmkfdt`gde ydp ha clhy`li dehlk gh{ltw dw whfktm`li tmdt @W `l tmk ~rh~kr wklwk, " Okwgdrtkw

`f~hwkw {~hl tmk yhreo tmk c`lo ha bk`li tmdt `t f{wt mdqk,

_mk fhokrl o{de`wf ha ldt{rk dlo f`lo% y`tm dee tmk ~rhbekfw th ym`gm `t mdw i`qkl r`wk% `w

trdgkdbek th tmk Gdrtkw`dl o`wt`lgt`hl bktykkl tmk rkw k}tklwd -tmk yhreo dlo tmk kih ghi`th, AhrOkwgdrtkw tmk oktkrf`ldt`hl ha rkw k}tklwd `w bdwko hl tmk ghlgk~t ha w{bwtdlt`de`tp, "Bp w{bwtdlgk"%

mk wdpw "yk gdl ghlgk`qk lhtm`li kewk tmdl d tm`li ym`gm k}`wtw `l w{gm d ydp dw th wtdlo `l lkko ha

lhtm`li bkphlo `twkea `l hrokr th k}`wt, "

"M`wthr`hehi`gdeep% tmk d`f ha tmk k}`wtklt`de dldept`g gdl bk fdok ~ed`lkr bp ghlwòkr`li Okwgdrtkw%

ymh `w grko`tko y`tm ~rhqò`li tmk ~h`lt ha ok~drt{rk ahr fhokrl ~mèhwh~m`gde `l{`rp bp tmk

o`wghqkrp ha tmk "ghi`th w{f", Mk `lqkwtìdtkw tmk "ghi`tdrk" ha tmk "kih"% dt ekdwt y`tm`l gkrtd`l

e`f`tw, Hl tmk htmkr mdlo% mk ekdqkw tmk "w{f" ghf~ektkep {lo`wg{wwko% kqkl tmh{im `t `w rkidroko dw

lh ekww ~r`fhro`de tmdl tmk ghi`th, " SB_% ~, 94V

_mk "kih ghi`th" ha Okwgdrtkw ~rhqòkw tmk bki`ll`li ha d w{bjkgt`q`wt d~~rhdgm hl tmk bdw`w ha

ym`gm wg`klgk gdl wtdrt th bk ahrf{edtko, _m`w q`ky `f~e`kw d q`w`hl ha fdl ym`gm `w `l ghltrdwt th

Mkòkiikr)w Odwk`l,

_mk Gmdrdgtkr`wt`gw ha Odwk`l

Mkòkiikr ah{lo tmdt tm`w oka`l`t`hl ha tmk Irkkc ~mèhwh~mkrw rk~rkwkltko d ok~drt{rk dlo d lky

ah{lodt`hl, Bkgd{wk h{r tm`lc`li dlo edli{dik `w ohf`ldtko bp ~mèhwh~mp% tmk ~rkwklt {wk ha tmk

yhro "fdl" `w fktd~mpw`gdeep ghltdf`ldtko, _m`w `w tmk rkdwhl th grkdtk d lky yhro: Odwk`l,

Mkòkiikr i`qkw tm`w lky ldfk tyh gmdrdgtkr`wt`gw:

22


23/32

Mkòkiikr:

"Yk drk h{rwkeqkw tmk klt`tp th bk dldepwko, ,,,_mk tyh gmdrdgtkr`wt`gw ha Odwk`l ,,,Sdrk:V tmk ~r`hr`tp

ha )k}`wtklt`d) hqkr )kwwklt`d)% dlo tmk adgt tmdt Odwk`l `w `l kdgm gdwk f`lk, " SB_% ~,1=V

_mkwk tyh gmdrdgtkr`wt`gw drk tmk bdw`w y`tm ym`gm Mkòkiikr yèe ed{lgm m`w gr`t`{k ha M{fdl

Wg`klgkw,

_mk a`rwt `ww{k `w "tmk ~r`hr`tp ha tmk k}`wtklt`de hqkr tmk kwwklt`de", _m`w wkltklgk `w d rka{wde th

dggk~t tmk trd~ ha kwwklt`de`wf dw tmk bdw`w th {lokrwtdlo fdl)w dgt`hlw bp okaklo`li tmdt tmk rkde`tp

ha fdl)w dgt`hlw `w lht d ghlgk~t bp hlep @W "k}`wtklt`deep", _mk wkghlo hlk `w tmdt Odwk`l `w `l

kqkrp gdwk f`lk, _m`w `w d rka{wde th dggk~t tmk rkà`gdt`hl ha fdl% tmdt `w th ghlwòkr `t d tm`li,

Mkòkiikr `ltklow th oh wh bp ~rkwkrq`li tmk `lo`qò{de`tp ha fdl ym`gm "`w" `l kdgm hlk ha {w

tmrh{im m`w Odwk`l,

_mkwk tyh `ww{kw drk ghrrkedtko w`lgk tmk kwwklt`de kl{`rp dbh{t fdl `f~e`kw th wkk fdl dlo m`w

dgt`hlw dw dl hbjkgt hr d tm`li, _m`w _m`li&e`ck ym`gm `w tmh{imt `l ~mèhwh~mp `w lht fdl b{t d

ghlgk~t ha fdl, Mkòkiikr wkkw tm`w dw d a{lodfkltde ~rhbekf% bkgd{wk tmk yrhli {lokrwtdlo`li ha

fdl ekdow th tmk `f~r`whlfklt ha fdl dlo tmk rhbb`li ha m`w arkkohf, _mk a`lde dggh{lt ha

Mkòkiikr)w rkqhe{t`hldrp tm`lc`li `w tmdt tmk rkw{et ha tmk fktd~mpw`gw ha fdl `w tmk

ok~krwhlde`zdt`hl ha fdl ym`gm ekdow th tmk h~~rkww`hl ha fdl,

Mkòkiikr {wkw Wgmkekr th dldepwk tm`w ~rhbekfdt`g, _mk dri{fklt ha Wgmkekr `w: Fdl `w lht d _m`li%

lht d w{bwtdlgk% lht dl hbjkgt, Wgmkekr wdpw:

"Ahr Wgmkekr % tmk ~krwhl `w lkqkr th bk tmh{imt ha dw d _m`li hr d w{bwtdlgk3 tmk ~krwhl `w rdtmkr tmk

{l`tp ha e`q`li&tmrh{im ym`gm `w `ffko`dtkep k}~kr`klgko `l dlo y`tm h{r K}~kr`klgkw & lht d _m`li

fkrkep tmh{imt ha bkm`lo dlo h{twòk ymdt `w `ffko`dtkep K}~kr`klgko &, _mk ~krwhl `w lht

_m`lie`ck dlo w{bwtdlt`de Bk`li, Lhr gdl tmk Bk`li ha d ~krwhl bk klt`rkep dbwhrbko `l bk`li d

w{bjkgt ha rdt`hlde dgtw ym`gm aheehy gkrtd`l edyw, " SB_% ~, 97V

_m`w d~~e`kw th tmk dgtw ha fdl dw ykee:

" SWgmkekr wdpwV "B{t dl dgt `w lkqkr dewh dl hbjkgt3 ahr `t `w kwwklt`de th tmk Bk`li ha dgtw th bk

K}~kr`klgko hlep `l tmk`r ~krahrfdlgk `twkea dlo i`qkl `l rkaekgt`hl8", " SB_% ~,97V

27


24/32

Mkòkiikr doow:

"Dgtw drk whfktm`li lhl&~wpgm`gde, Kwwklt deep tmk ~krwhl k}`wtw hlep `l tmk ~krahrfdlgk ha

`ltklt`hlde dgtw% dlo `w tmkrkahrk kwwklt`deep lht dl hbjkgt, Dlp ~wpgm`gde Hbjkgtà`gdt`hl ha dgtw% dlo

mklgk ha dlp ydp ha tdc`li tmkf d whfktm`li ~wpgm`gde% `w tdltdfh{lt th ok~krwhlde`zdt`hl, " SB_%

~,97V

Lhy ekt {w trp th {lokrwtdlo tmk fkdl`li ha tm`w rdo`gde q`w`hl ha Mkòkiikr, _mk wkdrgm ahr

dok{dtk tm`lc`li wkt bp ~mèhwh~mp w`lgk Okwgdrtkw% tmrh{im W~`lhzd dlo Ek`bl`z `w irh{loko hl d

q`w`hl ha fdl dw rdt`hlde bk`li, B{t tmk hbjkgt`qdt`hl ha fdl ydw hlep a`ldeep dgm`kqko bp Cdlt%

y`tm tmk o`wghqkrp ha "tmk hbjkgt`qk", Hbjkgt`qk tm`lc`li% tmk bdw`w ha fhokrl M{fdl Wg`klgk%

rdtmkr tmdl wheq`li tmk ~rhbekf ha dok{dtk tm`lc`li `f~r`whlw "fdl" `l m`w hyl tmh{imtw, _mk tdwc

wkt bp Mkòkiikr `w th brkdc tm`w ~r`whl,

Ymkl d fhokrl Kghlhf`wt ehhcw dt tmk rkde`tp ha fdl% mk ~edgkw m`fwkea `l tmk rhek ha tmk hbjkgt`qk

tm`lckr, Ahr k}df~ek% w`tt`li ohyl `l d okwc a`low h{t tmdt tmk ~h~{edt`hl ha Fkebh{rlk ghlw{fko

edwt pkdr 2;tl ha ~htdthkw, Lhtm`li `w kdw`kr ahr m`f% tmdl &datkr d tmhrh{im dldepw`w ha tmk odtd& th

bk ~krw{doko tmdt tm`w odtd `w hbjkgt`qkep "tr{k", _h `ltkrqklk ghfkw ldt{rdeep, Mk gdl kdwèp tm`lc:

"@a yk b{p tmk ~htdthkw `l doqdlgk dlo `l b{ec yk gh{eo wdqk fhlkp th dee tmk g`t`zklw, " Htmkrw gdl

dirkk tmdt tm`w `w d irkdt òkd, Ymktmkr mk `w gd~dbek ha oh`li `t hr lht% `w lht dw wìlà`gdlt dw th tmk

adgt tmdt m`w ghlge{w`hl `w ghlwòkrko "wg`kltà`g", _mk tkf~tdt`hl th `ltkrqklk bkghfkw d odlikr

ymkl tmk kghlhf`wt `w i`qkl tmk ~hykr th wheqk "tmk ~rhbekf",

_mk tr{tm `w tmdt tmk ~kh~ek ha Fkebh{rlk oò lht ghlw{fk 2;tl ha ~htdthkw, @t ydw d f{et`t{ok ha

`lo`qò{dew% y`tm d ldfk dlo d yèe ha tmk`r hyl% ymh yklt dlo gmhwk th b{p tmk`r w{~~e`kw {lokr d

f{etàdgthr wkt ha `lae{klgkw tmdt gdllht bk irdw~ko bp l{fkr`gde odtd, _mdt `lo`qò{de`tp gdllht bk

wkkl bp tmk hbjkgt`qk odtd tmk kghlhf`wt gheekgtko, _mdt `lo`qò{de`tp `w `lq`w`bek th tmk wh&gdeeko

hbjkgt`qk odtd,

Kghlhf`wtw ~krahrf w`fèdr tdwcw ghlwtdltep `l dldepz`li LI^)w% `laedt`hl% `ltkrkwt rdtkw%

kf~ehpfklt% ghffkrg`de bdedlgk ktg, _mk tkf~tdt`hl th `ltkrqklk `w ~krakgtep rdt`hlde`wko dw d

fkdlw th "wheqk ~rhbekfw", @l tmk edrikr wgdek% @FA dlo Yhreo Bdlc wheqk ~rhbekfw bdwko hl d

w`fèdr ehhc dt tmk`r dqdèdbek odtd,

Ymdt `w `f~hrtdlt mkrk `w th rkde`wk tmdt tmk`r hbjkgt`qk odtd `w lht rkde`tp, _mk rkde`tp tmdt ghfkw

2?


25/32

tmrh{im tmk`r gdrka{e gheekgt`hl ha odtd% `w hlep odtd, _mk rkde`tp ha fdl clhyw lhtm`li ha LI^w

hr bdedlgk `l tmk w~rkdo wmkktw ha tmk kghlhf`wt, M`w rkde`tp `w `lo`qò{deep "m`w" dlo m`w dgt`hlw

hlep "drk" ymkl "mk" k}kg{tkw tmkf, _mk ok~krwhlde`wdt`hl ha fdl `w lht tmk rkw{et ha tmk kghlhf`wt

fdc`li "bdo" okg`w`hlw, Ymktmkr mk fdckw "ihho" hr "bdo" okg`w`hlw `w `rrkekqdlt th tmk adgt tmdt

tmk kghlhf`wt)w ydp ha tm`lc`li `w irh{loko hl hbjkgt`qk tm`lc`li, @t `w tmk hbjkgt`qk tm`lc`li% tmdt

i`qkw fkdl`li th m`w bk`li dl kghlhf`wt% dlo `t `w hbjkgt`qk tm`lc`li ym`gm `w tmk bdw`w ha tmk

ok~krwhlde`wdt`hl ha tmk ~kh~ek mk `w dldepw`li,

A{rtmkrfhrk% tm`w odlikrh{w ydp ha tm`lc`li ohkw lht wth~ tmkrk, _m`w hbjkgt`qdt`hl ha fdl dlo m`w

dgt`hlw ihkw `lth tmk ydp `l ym`gm fdl wktw {~ m`w rkedt`hlwm`~ y`tm htmkrw bp tmk qkrp fkdlw ha

edli{dik dlo tmk ~hww`bè t`kw grkdtko bp tmdt edli{dik, _m`w daakgtw tmk ydp `l ym`gm fdl

{lokrwtdlow dlo `ltkr~rktw m`w k}~kr`klgk bp yhrow w{gm dw "tmk adgtw"% "qde{k" hr "hylkrwm`~", Ykyèe ghfk th tm`w `l oktdè `l tmk lk}t w{bt`tek, Mkrk `t `w w{aa`g`klt th ~h`lt h{t tmk ~rhbekf,

Mkòkiikr yrhtk:

"Edli{dik `l iklkrde `w yhrl h{t dlo {wko {~ &dlo dl `lo`w~klwdbek b{t fdwtkrekww fkdlw ha

ghff{l`gdt`hl tmdt fdp bk {wko dw hlk ~ekdwkw% dw `loàakrklt dw d fkdlw ha ~{be`g trdlw~hrt% dw d

wtrkkt gdr ym`gm kqkrphlk ròkw `l, Kqkrphlk w~kdcw dlo yr`tkw dydp `l tmk edli{dik% y`tmh{t

m`lordlgk dlo dbhqk dee "y`tmh{t odlikr", _mdt `w gkrtd`lep tr{k, Dlo hlep d qkrp aky drk gd~dbek ha

tm`lc`li tmrh{im tmk a{ee `f~e`gdt`hlw ha tm`w f`wrkedt`hl dlo {lrkedt`hl ha ~rkwklt&odp bk`li&tmkrk

th edli{dik," -@F% ~, ;4

Mkòkiikr a`ldeep ghlge{okw:

"Edli{dik `w lht pkt tr{k th `twkea% `lwhadr dw `t mdw lht pkt w{ggkkoko `l i`q`li {~ tmk dbw{ro

`ltklt`hl ha bk`li "wg`klgk" dlo "rkwkdrgm"," -@F% ~,7?

_mk Gr`t`{k ha M{fdl Wg`klgkw

Mkòkiikr gdeew tmk Wt{op ha Odwk`l% tmk K}`wtklt`de Dldept`g ha Odwk`l dlo k}~ed`lw mhy m`w wt{op

oàakrw arhf tmdt ha Dltmrh~hehip% wpgmhehip dlo B`hehip,

Mkòkiikr:

"Datkr d tmkfk ahr `lqkwtìdt`hl mdw bkkl `l`t`deep h{te`lko `l ~hw`t`qk tkrf% `t `w deydpw `f~hrtdlt th

2;


26/32

wmhy ymdt `w lht ih`li th md~~kl, Yk f{wt wmhy tmdt tmhwk `lqkwtìdt`hlw dlo ahrf{edt`hlw ha tmk

{kwt`hl ym`gm mdqk bkkl d`fko dt Odwk`l mkrkthahrk% mdqk f`wwko tmk rkde ~mèhwh~m`gde ~rhbekf

-lhty`tmwtdlo`li tmk`r hbjkgt`qk akrtè`tp% dlo tmdt dw ehli dw tmkp ~krw`wt f`ww`li `t% tmkp mdqk lh

rìmt th ged`f tmdt tmkp gdl dgghf~e`wm tmdt ahr ym`gm tmkp drk bdw`gdeep wtr`q`li, @l o`wt`li{`wm`li

tmk k}`wtklt`de dldept`g arhf dltmrh~hehip% ~wpgmhehip% dlo b`hehip% yk wmdee ghla`lk h{rwkeqkw th

ymdt `w `l ~r`lg`~ek tmk hlthehi`gde {kwt`hl, H{r o`wt`lgt`hlw yèe lkgkwwdrèp bk `ldok{dtk arhf

tmk wtdlo~h`lt ha )wg`kltà`g tmkhrp) w`f~ep bkgd{wk tmk wg`klt a`g wtr{gt{rk ha tmk dbhqk&fklt hlko

o`wg`~e`lkw -lht% `lokko% tmk )wg`kltà`g dtt`t{ok) ha tmhwk ymh yhrc th doqdlgk tmkf `w thodp

tmhrh{imep {kwt`hldbek dlo lkkow th bk dttdgcko `l lky ydpw ym`gm f{wt mdqk tmk`r wh{rgkw `l

hlthehi`gde ~rhbekfdt`gw, " SB_% ~, 94V

Mkòkiikr `w wdp`li tmdt tmk a{lodfkltde ~rhbekf ha wg`klgk `w `tw {lokrep`li fktd~mpw`gw-hlthehip% ym`gm mk gmdrdgtkr`wkw dw tmk "ahrikta{elkww ha Bk`li" SQkrikwwklmk`tV, Ymdt `w Bk`li8

Bk`li `w lht dl klt`tp% b{t ymdt fdckw kqkrptm`li th bk3 tmdt ym`gm `l `tw {l`{klkww `w hlk dlo

tr{tm, _m`w `ww{k ha tmk ahrikta{elkww ha Bk`li `w tmk ckp `ww{k th {lokrwtdlo Mkòkiikr)w gr`t`{k ha

Fktd~mpw`gw, Ymdt `w tmk h~~hw`tk ha ahrikta{elkww8 Rkfkfbrdlgk hr dydrklkww,

Mkòkiikr ihkw a{rtmkr:

"@l w{iikwt`li tmdt dltmrh~hehip% ~wpgmhehip dlo b`hehip dee adè th i`qk dl {lk{`qhgde dlo

hlthehi`gdeep dok{dtk dlwykr th tmk {kwt`hl dbh{t tmk c`lo ha Bk`li ym`gm bkehliw th tmhwk

klt`t`kw ym`gm yk h{rwkeqkw drk% yk drk lht ~dww`li d j{oikfklt hl tmk ~hw`t`qk yhrc ha tmkwk

o`wg`~e`lkw, Yk f{wt deydpw bkdr `l f`lo% mhykqkr% tmdt tmkwk hlthehi`gde ah{lodt`hlw gdl lkqkr bk

o`wgehwko bp w{bwk{klt mp~htmkwkw okr`qko arhf kf~`r`gde fdtkr`de% b{t tmdt tmkp drk deydpw )tmkrk)

derkdop% kqkl ymkl tmdt kf~`r`gde fdtkr`de w`f~ep iktw gheekgtko, " SB_% ~, 9;V

Mkòkiikr `w rkdgt`li did`lwt tmk ged`f ha ldt{rde wg`klgk th ~rhqòk d ghf~rkmklw`qk ghlgk~t{de

ardfkyhrc ahr dee clhyekoik, _mk ~edgk ha tmk )kih ghi`th) `w tdckl bp tmk adgt{de Odwk`l rkidroko

dw tmk gekdr`li -E`gmt{li ha tmk o`wgehw{rk ha Bk`li & lht tmk dbwhe{tk w{bjkgt b{t Bk`li `w tmk

{et`fdtk irh{lo ha dee ghlwt`t{t`hl, Ahr Mkòkiikr% tmk adgt{de `w tmdt ghlo`t`hl ha fdl `l ym`gm mk

wkt m`fwkea ahr tmk o`wgehw{rk ha bk`li, _mdt ghlo`t hl mk gdeew "d{tmklt`g tp", Ymkl fdl `w

d{tmklt`g mk gdl wkk% mk gdl {lokrwtdlo, _mk tr{tm `w deydpw tmkrk tdec`li th fdl3 dee mk mdw th oh `w

th o`wgehwk -{lqkè m`fwkea, _m`w `w tmk tdwc ha d{tmklt g`tp, Ymdt d{tmklt`g`tp ghlw`wtw ha8

D{tmklt`g`tp `w dydrklkww hr rkfkfbrdlgk -tmk h~~hw`tk ha ahrikta{elkww ha Bk`li -mkrk yk gdl wdp

_r{tm dlo dewh dydrklkww ha ymdt Mkòkiikr gdeew "bk`li&thydrow&okdtm" -Mkòokikr gdeew `t "z{&

21


27/32

_ho", Ymdt fdl lkkow th bk d{tmklt`g `w th rkfkfbkr _r{tm dlo okdtm, Mkòkiikr wdpw tmdt Odwk`l

-Bk`li&tmkrk rkdgmkw `t ymheklkww `l okdtm ymkl mk ehwkw m`w "tmkrk":

"Ymkl Odwk`l rkdgmkw `tw ymheklkww `l okdtm% `t w`f{etdlkh{wep ehwkw tmk Bk`li ha `tw tmkrk" SB_% ~,

2=4V

Dewh:

"_mk Bk`li ha tr{tm `w ghllkgtko ~r`fhro`deep y`tm Odwk`l, Dlo hlep bkgd{wk Odwk`l `w dw

ghlwt`t{tko bp o`wgehwkolkww -tmdt `w% bp {lokrwtdlo`li% gdl dlptm`li e`ck Bk`li bk {lokrwthho3

hlep wh `w `t ~hww`bek th {lokrwtdlo Bk`li, Bk`li -lht klt`t`kw `w whfktm`li ym`gm )tmkrk `w) hlep `l

wh adr dw tr{tm `w, Dlo tr{tm `w hlep `l wh adr dw dlo dw ehli dw Odwk`l `w, Bk`li dlo tr{tm drk

k{`~r`fhro`de, " SB_% 292V

Lhy yk gdl ekdqk Mkòkiikr dlo fdck "tmk ekd~" `lth h{r adfè`dr tkrr`thrp, Ahr tmk W{a`w% ymdt

rkfhqkw tmk qkèw -ymdt grkdtkw gekdr`li% `w lht tmk dldept`gde hr wg`kltà`g ehhc dt grkdt`hl% b{t

rdtmkr rkfkfbrdlgk(om`cr ha Deedm -_r{tm `l kqkrp hggdw`hl3 dlo ymdt wktw fdl `l m`w trdgc `w

rkfkfbrdlgk ha okdtm, A`rwt% ymkl yk ehhc dt tmk yhreo% yk f{wt dt dee t`fkw fdck om`cr: tm`w `w tmk

lkgkwwdrp ghlo`t`hl th clhy, Wkghlo% tmk Wdmdbd {wko th rk~kdt "okdtm% okdtm", _m`w `w bkgd{wk

okdtm i`qkw fkdl`li th ymh yk drk dlo ymdt yk drk mkrk ahr, Ahr tmk c{aadr okdtm mdw hlep d

b`hehi`gde wìlà`gdt`hl dw tmk klo, Ahr {w okdtm `w `ltkirde th h{r bk`li mkrk dlo h{r rkedt`hl th

Deedm, Rkfkfbrdlgk `w clhyekoik th {w `l ghltrdwt th ymdt tmk c{aadr gdee wg`klgk dlo adgtw,

Dlhtmkr dw~kgt ha Mkòkiikr)w d{tmklt`g`tp `w Gdrk -Whrik, Fdl br`liw dbh{t tmk o`wgehw{rk ha tmk

klt`t`kw tmrh{im gdrk, Fdl `w lh ehlikr tmk hbwkrqkr% b{t rdtmkr tmk gdrk&tdckr, M`w f`ww`hl `w th gdrk,

@l tm`w ~rhgkww mk `w tmk hbwkrqko% rdtmkr tmdl tmk hbwkrqkr,

Kwwklt`de`wf dw Kghlhf`gw

^krmd~w tmk m{fdl wg`klgk tmdt mdw tmk fhrk ~rhah{lo kaakgt `l h{r eàk `w Kghlhf`gw, Yk ydlt th

br`kaep h{te`lk ymp tm`w ydp ha tm`lc`li `w a{lodfkltdeep krrhlkh{w dlo ymp tmkrkahrk `tw ged`f ha

gkrtd`ltp lkkow th bk rkjkgtko,

Yk ydlt th {lokrtdck tm`w tdwc bp k}df`l`li tmk fkdl`li ha tyh yhrow, _yh yhrow tmdt drk

29


28/32

a{lodfkltde th {lokrwtdlo tmk ghffkrg`de trdlwdgt`hl: hylkrwm`~ dlo qde{k,

Hylkrwm`~

Yk wtdrt y`tm tmk wdp`li "dl dgt hlep @W `l `tw k}kg{t hl", Y`tm tm`w wkltklgk yk kwtdbe`wm tmdt tmk

tr{tm ha bk`li klt`teko dw hylkr fkdlw th bk dbek th k}kg{tk hylkrwm`~, @a d ~krwhl `w klt`teko dw

hylkr b{t mk gdllht k}kg{tk m`w hylkrwm`~ `f~e`kw tmdt tmkrk `w dl krrhr,

Ekt {w ehhc dt tmk ghlgk~t ha "f`lhr`tp hylkrwm`~" `l Kghlhf`gw, Dgghro`li th tm`w tmkhrp% hl

ym`gm tmk ghlgk~t ha wmdrkmheo`li `w bdwko% &dlo tmkrkahrk tmk ymhek òkd ha Wthgc K}gmdlik `w

bdwko& hylkrwm`~ gdl bk k}krg`wk bp qhtk, _m{w tmk ~krwhl hr ~krwhlw ymh "hyl" ?0+ -hr ekww hatmk qhtkw drk f`lhr`tp hylkrw, @l ghltrdwt tmk ~krwhl hr ~krwhlw ymh "hyl" ;4+ -hr fhrk ha tmk

qhtkw drk fdjhr`tp hylkrw, Bhtm gdtkihr`kw mheo tmk t`tek ha hylkrwm`~, Pkt hlep tmk fdjhr`tp hylkr

gdl k}krg`wk hylkrwm`~, _mk f`lhr`tp hylkr mdw tmk t`tek b{t lht tmk gd~dg`tp th k}krg`wk hylkrwm`~,

Arhf dl k}`wtklt`de ~h`lt ha q`ky% tmk f`lhr`tp hylkr `w lht hylkr, Hlep tmk fdjhr`tp hylkr `w

hylkr, _mk f`lhr`tp hylkr hlep mheow tmk ghlgk~t ha hylkrwm`~ `l tmk ahrf ha d ~`kgk ha ~d~kr tmdt

wdpw wh,

@l Kghlhf`gw tm`w `w lht dl `ww{k bkgd{wk tm`w ydp ha kl{`rp `w lht rkidroko dw `f~hrtdlt, Ymdt

fdttkrw `w tmk yèe`lilkww ha `lo`qò{de th w{bwgr`bk tmk ghltrdgt, _mk ghltrdgt `twkea `w hlep qdeò `l

dw f{gm dw `t `w w{bwgr`bko `l ihho yèe bp tmk ~drt`kw, Ahr Kghlhf`gw tmdt `w tmk "tr{tm" ha `t, _mk

~rhbekf `w tmdt {lokr tm`w d~~rhdgm -y`tm ym`gm {w{rp `w dewh j{wtà`ko% tmk k}`wtklt`de rkde`tp ha

hylkrwm`~ `w ahrihttkl, Ymdt fdttkrw `w tmk ~d~kr tmdt wdpw ph{ drk hylkr% lht ymktmkr ph{ gdl

k}krg`wk hylkrwm`~ hr lht,

_m`w `w ha gh{rwk tmk ohhr th ard{o, Dw `t `w ykee clhyl `l tmk Wthgc K}gmdlik fdjhr`tp hylkrwm`~ `w

hlep d "tkgml`{k" ha ghltrhe, _mk `ww{k ha ghltrhe `w w`f~ep fdwcko bp tm`w ghlgk~t{de òkd ha

hylkrwm`~, Ekt {w tdck dl k}df~ek:

Fr Fd}ykee b{pw ;>+ ~e{w hlk wmdrk ha ghf~dlp D, Ahr w`f~eà`gdt`hl yk yèe wdp tmdt mk hylw

ha ghf~dlp D, _m`w klt`tekw m`f th ghltrhe -k}`wtklt`deep hyl ghf~dlp D, Lhy mk {wkw gd~`tde ha

ghf~dlp D th b{p ;>+ ~e{w hlk wmdrk ha ghf~dlp B, _m`w yèe dewh klt`tek Fr Fd}ykee th ghltrhe

2=


29/32

ghf~dlp B, Pkt% mk hlep hylw ha tmk wmdrkw ha ghf~dlp B, Lhy mk {wkw gd~`tde ha ghf~dlp B th

b{p dlhtmkr ;>+ ~e{w hlk wmdrk ha ghf~dlp G, Fr Fd}ykee mdw ghltrhe ha tmk ghf~dlp G detmh{im

mk hlep hylw 4(= ha tmk wmdrkw, _mk ~rhgkww gdl ghlt`l{k l t`fkw% dt tmk klo Fr Fd}ykee klow {~

y`tm ghf~dlp ] `l ym`gm mk hlep hylw ha ha ,,,-l t`fkw, @l tm`w ghf~dlp Fr Fd}ykee `w d

"t`lp hylkr"% pkt mk mdw ghltrhe ha tmk ghf~dlp,

_m`w ard{o{eklt {wk ha tmk ghlgk~t ha fdjhr`tp hylkrwm`~ `w kqkrpymkrk `l h{r Wthgc K}gmdlik, @t `w

bdwko hl d "ghlgk~t" ha hylkrwm`~ tmdt okl`kw k}`wtklt`de hylkrwm`~, _mk rkw{et `w tmk k}~eh`tdt`hl




rkfkfbrdlgk ha okdtm, A`rwt% ymkl yk ehhc dt tmk yhreo% yk f{wt dt dee t`fkw fdck om`cr: tm`w `w tmklkgkwwdrp ghlo`t`hl th clhy, Wkghlo% tmk Wdmdbd {wko th rk~kdt "okdtm% okdtm", _m`w `w bkgd{wk







rkfkfbrdlgk ha okdtm, A`rwt% ymkl yk ehhc dt tmk yhreo% yk f{wt dt dee t`fkw fdck om`cr: tm`w `w tmk

lkgkwwdrp ghlo`t`hl th clhy, Wkghlo% tmk Wdmdbd {wko th rk~kdt "okdtm% okdtm", _m`w `w bkgd{wk




ha dee tmk f`lhr`tp hylkrw ymh mdqk bkkl ~krw{doko th wìl tmk adewk ghltrdgt ha hylkrwm`~, @l tm`w

ghltrdgt tmkp drk lht hlep ok~r`qko ha tmk`r hylkrwm`~ rìmt% b{t tmkp drk dewh ok~r`qko ha tmk rìmtw

dw eklokrw% w`lgk `l adgt dee tmkp drk `w eklokrw,

@l @wedf% th bk klt`teko th bk hylkr fkdlw ph{ gdl k}kg{tk ph{r hylkrwm`~, @l d gh&hylkrwm`~ dee

tmk gh&hylkrw drk hylkrw, _mkp mdqk òklt`gde wtdt{w dw hylkrw `lok~kloklt ha tmk dfh{lt ha

wmdrkw, Hlep tmk rkw{etw ha tmk ghf~dlp drk wmdrko dgghro`li th tmk ~rh~hrt`hlde hylkrwm`~, @l tm`w

wklwk% @wedf`g Edy ~rkwkrqkw tmk k}`wtklt`de hylkrwm`~% bkgd{wk `t gdllht bk htmkry`wk,

20


30/32

Qde{k

@l tmk wdfk ydp tmdt hylkrwm`~ `w ard{o{ekltep f`wrk~rkwkltko dw d ghlgk~t% dewh qde{k `w

f`wrk~rkwkltko dw d ~wpgmhehi`gde ghlgk~t,

@l @wedf% tmk qde{k `w `ltkr~rktko k}`wtklt`deep dw k}gmdlik&qde{k hr ~r`gk, Tdo` Db{ Bdcr% `l

oka`l`li {w{rp -r`bd wdpw: "R`bd `w dlp {lj{wtà`ko `lgrkdwk bktykkl tmk qde{k ha tmk ihhow i`qkl

dlo tmk gh{ltkrqde{k Sha tmk ihhow rkgk`qkoV ", Mkrk `t `w gekdr tmdt `l tmk ghffkrg`de trdlwdgt`hl

tmk qde{kw drk tmk wdfk,

Akro`ldloh Ide`dl` `l m`w "Okeed fhlktd" -49;> ydw tmk a`rwt kghlhf`wt th ~h`lt h{t tmdt tmk qde{k

`l tmk k}gmdlik `w d "w{bjkgt`qk" fdttkr: w{bjkgt`qk qde{k, Mk dri{ko tmdt tmk bdedlgk bktykkl tmkqde{k ha hlk tm`li dlo tmdt ha dlhtmkr `w dl òkd `l tmk f`lo ha tmk `lo`qò{de, @l htmkr yhrow% tmk

qde{k ha tmk ihhow `w kwtdbe wmko bp tmk ~wpgmhehi`gde kqde{dt`hl ha tmk tyh ~drt`kw, Kdgm hlk mdw

~edgko d mìmkr ~wpgmhehi`gde qde{k hl tmk ihhow tmdt mk `w rkgk`q`li% tmdl `l tmk qde{k ha tmk ihhow

mk i`qkw, Htmkry`wk lk`tmkr ha tmkf yèe bk fht`qdtko th oh tmk k}gmdlik, _m`w ~wpgmhehi`gde qde{k

hqkrròkw tmk k}gmdlik&qde{k, _mk kwwklt`de`wt ghlgk~t ha qde{k hqkrròkw tmk k}`wtklt`de qde{k,

Jkrkfp Bkltmdf {w`li tmk wdfk w{bjkgt`q`wt d~~rhdgm gdl kdwèp dri{k `l adqh{r ha {w{rp `l m`w

bhhc "Okaklgk ha [w{rp" -49=>% bkgd{wk ahr m`f dlp ghffkrg`de trdlwdgt`hl `w {lk{de dlpydp,

Ymdt mk gdeew qde{k `w w{bjkgt`qk dlo tmkrkahrk oàakrklt ahr tmk tyh ~drt`kw &j{wt e`ck `l {w{rp, Bp

rkfhq`li tmk k}`wtklt`de dw~kgt% tmk qde{k `w lh ehlikr wkkl dw d m{fdl dgt b{t rdtmkr dw d ghlgk~t `l

tmk f`lo ha tmk `lo`qò{de, Ghlwk{kltep% Bkltmdf gdl daa`rf tmdt "trdok `w e`ck r`bd", J{wt e`ck

Deedm wdpw `l tmk T{r)dl ymkl mk ydrlw {w did`lwt tmk ~kh~ek ymh wdp "trdok `w e`ck r`bd",

Ha gh{rwk% tm`w gmdlik `l fkdl`li h~klw tmk ohhrw th ard{o, _m`w ard{o `w tmk thtde ohf`ldt`hl ha

{w{rp hqkr trdok ym`gm rkw{etw `l tmk m{fdl f`wkrp dlo k}~eh`tdt`hl tmdt yk gdl wkk dgrhww tmk

~edlkt, _mk rhht gd{wk ha tm`w ~rhbekf `w tmk wdp`li "trdok `w e`ck {w{rp" ym`gm gdl hlep bk

ahrf{edtko -j{wtà`ko à qde{k `w lh ehlikr d m{fdl dgt b{t d ~wpgmhehi`gde ghlgk~t,

Lhy yk gdl d~~rkg`dtk ymdt Mkòkiikr fkdlw ymkl mk wdpw "tmk ~r`hr`tp ha )k}`wtklt`d) hqkr

)kwwklt`d)", _mk h~~hw`tk fkdlw tmk rkà`gdt`hl ha fdl dlo {et`fdtkep `tw `f~r`whlfklt `l d yhreo ha

wkea&`lo{gko adltdw`kw,

7>


31/32

_m`w gdwk did`lwt Kghlhf`gw okwkrqkw d eht fhrk ghffkltdrp b{t yk drk hlep mkrk th h{te`lk tmk

~rhbekfw, @t `w {~ th {w th kl{`rk dbh{t tmkf dlo th ih a{rtmkr `lth {lokrwtdlo`li h{r yhreo dlo

h{r okkl, Ymdt yk gdl wdp `l ghlge{w`hl `w tmdt tmk ghlgk~t ha fdl dw wkkl bp M{fdl Wg`klgkw `w

adewk% bkgd{wk fdl gdllht bk rko{gko th d ghlgk~t, _mk adgt tmdt tmk kghlhf`wtw yèe rka{tk tm`w

deekidt`hl hlep ~rhqkw tmdt tmkp gdllht wkk dlp htmkr ydp, @a tm`w `w ydp ha tm`lc`li `w deehyko th

r{ek tmk yhreo fdlc`lo yèe rkfd`l d wedqk y`tm`l m`w hyl tmh{imtw, _m`w `w ymkrk yk drk thodp,

@wedf `w tmk hlep whe{t`hl th tm`w ~rhbekf,

@t aheehyw tmdt tmk òkd ha @wedf`g Kghlhf`gw% tmdt rkw{etw `l @wedf`g bdlc`li% @wedf`g Wthgc

K}gmdlik% @wedf`g @lw{rdlgk% @wedf`g `laedt`hl% ktg,% `w w`f~ep d ghf~ektk f`w{lokrwtdlo`li ha bhtm

@wedf dlo Kghlhf`gw,

Fdp Deedm i`qk {w tmk rìmt i{òdlgk th rkghil`wk M`w Ghffdlow dlo tmk yèe th k}kg{tk tmkf mkrk

dlo lhy, Df`l,

Rkakrklgkw

B_% "Bk`li dlo _`fk"% Bdwè Bedgcykee% H}ahro% 4012,

@_% "@ltrho{gt`hl th Fktd~mpw`gw"% Pdek [l`qkrw`tp ^rkww% 40;0

74


32/32

Ko`thr`de

Dbh{t Odeedw Gheekik

Odeedw Gheekik `w dl ko{gdt`hlde `lwt`t{t`hl `l Gd~k _hyl% Wh{tm Dar`gd, Ah{loko bp Wmdpcm Or,

Dbodedo`r Dw&W{a`% tmk gheekik)w ~{r~hwk `w th ~rhqòk `tw ph{li F{we`f wt{okltw y`tm tmhwk wcèew

dlo {de`t`kw tmdt yèe `lwtè `l tmkf dl ktmhw ha ekdokrwm`~ rkwhldlt y`tm tmk yhreo F{we`f

ghff{l`tp,

Odeedw Gheekik `w bhrl arhf fdlp pkdrw ha k}~kr`klgk `l tmk a`keo ha mìmkr ko{gdt`hl `l K{rh~k3

~drt`g{edrep arhf tmk ko{gdt`hlde fhoke rkwkdrgmko dlo `f~ekfkltko dt Dgmldid`rl Mh{wk `l

Wghtedlo bktykkl 400= dlo 2>>2, _mk Dgmldid`rl Mh{wk ydw d ~r`qdtk ko{gdt`hlde `lwt`t{t`hl

ah{loko bp F{we`f K{rh~kdl wgmhedrw dlo tkdgmkrw% ymh kwtdbe`wmko mìmkr ko{gdt`hl fho{ekw `l

Ko{gdt`hl% M`wthrp% E`tkrdt{rk% @wedf`g Edy% _rdok dlo A`ldlgk% T{rdl`g Wt{o`kw dlo Edli{dikw,

mtt~:((yyy,odeedwgheekikgt,ghf

Documents

Heidegger for Muslims' by Prof. Umar Ibrahim Vadillo (Dallas College, Cape Town, 2000)