Hebrew Christians Fight Beginings for the Gospel of Jesus 2011

8/14/2019 Hebrew Christians Fight Beginings for the Gospel of Jesus 2011

1/105

TMR@LG IGRM^F ) MJOEGLEgn~gw Be~`r{`mjr dòe{ Ngo`j`jor df~ {eg Ofrqgl fd

Hgrr ) Hgefrme

Grrmp Kfbigj{m~p

L`jc {f Pf{ng t`kgf 8 e{{q8&&www*pf{ng*bfi&wm{be6t9k=IXNBJrmpM

MIT Kgrròj

Hwjg >1==

If{{f8 Ofk `r FJG3 imjc`jk imkg eì imjp8Fjg Ifrm`b, fjg Be~`r{`mj, fjg Irlì

tigrm~frmjoeglApmeff*bfi


2/105

Mnfw{***

@{ `r m {gu{ {em{ q~grgj{r dmb{r emqqgjgk {f {efwrmjk pgm~r mof* @j pgm~ 7, nf`l`jo

ng{ggj Hwkgm ~gtfl{ mom`jr{ fimj fbbwqmj{, rql`{ ng{ggj ~gb`q`gj{r mjk fw{bmr{r fddf~{wjg, {eg if~ml kgo~mkm{`fj mjk igr`mj`ri* Mifjo `jr`kg~r ~m`rgr `r m Egn~g

q~fqeg{8 Hgrwr fd Jmxm~g{e* Eg {gmbe, np bw~`jo, i`~mblgr fd Ofk/r lftg df~ mll qgfqlg, `j

{eg`~ rq`~`{wml fd grgj`mj bfiiwj`{`gr8 f~c, l`dg mjk dm`{e {fog{eg~* [e`jor q~mb{`bgk np

{eg mjb`gj{ Egn~g qgfqlg, nw{ wjcjfj {f f{eg~ jm{`fjr* @{ mr {eg Egn~g mqfr{lgr {f

lgmk fw~ gtmjogl`ri mifjo Hgr, {f {~mjro~grr`fj [eg [gj Bfiimjkigj{r, [f~me mjk{eg Lmr fd Ifrgr `j mkmq{gk df~ir, mbbgrr nlg bwl{w~ml lgtgl fd {eg jg jfj Hgr

dfllfg~r*

@j m ewjk~gk pgm~r, {eg Egn~g Be~`r{`mjr Bfiiwj`{`gr bmig mr igrr`mj`b ~flg, {eg

r{mog fd e`r{f~p, nw{ {eg i`rr`fj dwld`llgk* _egj Ifrgr nw`l{ M QGFQLG DF^M DM@[E,

Mqfr{lgrr emr ogjg~m{gk M DM@[E DF^MLL [EG QGFQLGR*

Igrm~fr)Mjoegl Tmr`lg* &>1=1

tigrm~frmjoeglApmeff*bfi


3/105

EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR D@OE[ NGO@J@JOR DF^ [EG OFRQGL FD HGRWR >

@J[^FKWB[@FJ ) E@R[F^P MJK LGOGJK 2

BEMQ[G^ @ QGJ[M[EGW[ ?B*@*= [EG NGO@JJ@JO ?

B*@*>* RM@J[ R[GQEGJ KGMBFJ =?

BEMQ[G^ @@ QG^RGBW[@FJ NG[_GGJ N^F[EG^R >>

B*@@*=* [E^FWOE EGN^G_ GTMJOGL@RI >>

B*@@*>* _EF @R /OFK/R QGFQLG/ >4

B*@@*2* [EG EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR BFWJB@L FD HG^WRMLGI >5BEMQ[G^ @@@ BFJTG^[@JO /QMOMJR/ NP EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR 2>

B*@@@*=* ^MNN@ RMWL BFJTG^[@JO 2>

B*@@@*>* BE^@R[@MJ GTMJOEGL@RI @J ^FIG 2;

B*@@@*2* [EG D@^R[ GTMJOEGL@RM[@FJ FD QMWL MQFR[LG @J BPQ^WR 24

B*@@@*;* MQFR[FL@B I@RR@FJR @J IMBGKFJ@M MJK O^GGBG 20

B*@@@*7* BE^@R[@MJ @J@[@M[@FJ @J GDGR RBEFFL ;4BEMQ[G^ @T [EG N^GMC @JJG^ [EG EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR BFIIWJ@[P @J HG^WRMLGI 71

B*@T*=* ^FMK [F HG^WRMLGI 71

B*@T*>* [EG RM@J[ QMWL [^@MLR 7;

B*@T*2* ^FMK [F ^FIG 41

B*@T*;* [EG MRE FD QEFGJ@U N@^K 4>

BFJ[GJ[8

=


4/105

EGN^G_R, BE^@R[@MJR, IWRL@IR @J HG^WRMLGI )E@R[F^@BML DMB[R)BE^@R[@MJ MJK EGN^G_ %@@ 47

B*T*= PGM^R FD ^FIMJR FBBWQM[@FJ 47

B*T*>* PGM^R @J NPXMJ[@JG FBBWQM[@FJ ?0B*T*2* PGM^R @J M^MN BML@QEM[G FBBWQM[@FJ 5=

B*T*;* PGM^R @J B^WRMKG^R FBBWQM[@FJ 52

B*T*7* PGM^R FD IMIGLWCG FBBWQM[@FJ 5;

B*T*4* PGM^ FD F[[FIMJ FBBWQM[@FJ X@FJ@RI ) BFI@JO NMBC OGJGR@R FD HG_R [F G^G[X @R^MGL 57

B*T*?* PGM^R @J N^@[@RE FBBWQM[@FJ 50

B*T*5* PGM^R @J G^G[X @R^MGL R[M[G 0>

MD[G^_F^KR8 MW[EF^R FQ@J@FJ 04

N@NL@FO^MQEP =1=

MNFW[ MW[EF^ =12

>


5/105

2

@J[^FKWB[@FJ ) E@R[F^P MJK LGOGJK

M {e~gg ) {eg Ofrqgl, bmllgk /Lcg w`{e /Mb{r fd {eg Mqfr{lgr/, wg~g f~ò`jmllp fjg nffc,

~gdg~gjbg kfbigj{ fj {eg f~ò`jr fd Be~`r{`mj`{p* @j {eg pgm~r m~fjk ==71, {eg {wf qm~{`grwg~g rgqm~m{gk* [eg d`~r{ qm~{ wmr `jblkgk `j {eg f~omj`b fd {eg Jgw [gr{migj{* @{ bmjng mrrigk {em{ {eg ~gmrfj {em{ kf jf{ `j{~fkbg {eg {gu{ /Mb{r fd {eg Mqfr{lgr/ `j {eg Jgw[gr{migj{ fd {eg glgtgj{e bgj{~p {em{ m {egflfo`bml if{`tm{`fj fd {eg B~rmkgr {em{ wg~g{f ng eglk wmr {em{ Egn~gw qgfqlg m~g B~b`d`gk Hgrr* F~ {em{ {gu{ kgrb~`ngr {eg Egn~gwBe~`r{`mj r{~oolg df~ [eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr *** {eg~gdf~g wmr jf{ `jblkgk- [e`r {gu{ w`ll ng`j{go~m{gk `j{f {eg /Jgw [gr{migj{/ `j {eg gòe{ggj{e bgj{~p*.[`{lg8 /Mb{r fd {eg Mqfr{lgr/ `r o`tgj md{g~ {eg O~ggc dmre`fj, we`be o`tg ~gqf~{r mnf{mjb`gj{ eg~fgr8 / Mb{r fd *** /%rbe mr {eg bmiqmòjr fd Mlgumjkg~ fd Imbgkfj`m f~ Emj`nml*[eg dmb{ {em{ {eg {wf wf~cr emtg {eg rmig m{ef~ roogr{gk {eg r{plg mjk lmjomog rgk*Lcg, nglfjo`joj {f Egn~gw Be~`r{`mj mqfr{fl`b ogjg~m{`fj, emr m ~gml`r{`b t`r`fj {eg~glò`fr bfjdl`b{ ng{wggj Ifrm`b Hgwr mjk Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr, ogjg~m{gk np rfb`ml mjk~glò`fr iftgigj{ wefrg lgmkg~ wmr Hgrr fd Jmxm~g{e* F~ò`jm{gk d~fi m dmi`lp fdEgn~gw ~`begr{ fd Mj{`fbe %`j Rp~`m {fkmp* @{ wmr `j`{`m{gk `j rmb~gk igk`b`jg* Bfjtg~{gk{f Be~`r{`mj`ri jkg~ bfjkb{ fd Mqfr{lg Qml %^mnn` Rml, eìrgld {f Pgrbe`tm ^mnn`S=YOmiml`gl {eg Glkg~, `j`{`m{gk `j Ifrm`b Lmw* Eg w`ll dfllfw {eg i`rr`fjm~p Qml ~f{g {fO~ggbg mjk ^fig*S=Y /^mnn`/ wmr `j`{`m{gk `j {eg ipr{g~`gr fd Ifrm`b Lmw, mnlg {f {~m`j f{eg~r {f fnrg~tgIfrm`b Lmw %Lmw {gu{ `j{g~q~g{m{`fj*


6/105

;

.Mifj{ cgp Lbmj`mj {gu{ bfjr`r{r fd {eg m{ef~/r ìigk`m{g qm~{`b`qm{`fj `j {eglm{{g~ qm~{ fd {eg I`rr`fjm~p mqfr{fl`b Egn~gw)Be~`r{`mjr* [eg mqfr{lg Lcg `rm d`jgmjmlpr{, mnlg {f `kgj{`dp {eg ròj`d`bmjbg fd cgp ifigj{r fd {eg q~ìm~p guqmjr`fj fd

Be~`r{`mj`{p*. @j {eg /Mb{r fd Mqf{~gr/ {eg~g `r m ~`be bm~of `jdf~im{`fj refw`jo {eg km`lp l`dg mjkq~fnlgir fd lm~og bfiij`{`gr fd Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr `j {eg I`kklg Gmr{ mjk `j {egIgk`{g~~mjgmj ~go`fj* Mnf{ Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr d~fi Hg~rmlgi, m~g `jk`~gb{ ~gqf~{r fj{eg mb{`t`{`gr Mqfr{lg Qg{g~ %q*0*2>* ) ==*=5* Mjk D`l`q %q*5*;);1* Mjf{eg~ rgoigj{ fd {ege`r{f~p fd Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr iftgigj{ `r mnf{ Egllgj`r{`b HgwrS=Y* Ftg~~`kg `jHg~rmlgi md{g~ lmq`km~p kgmbfj Rm`j{ R{gqegj, {egp w`ll ng q{ {f {eg O~ggc bflfj`gr `j{eg bfj{`jgj{ mjk {eg @rlmjkr, {eg {g~~`{f~p fd Qmlgr{`jg mjk Rp~`m* Ngbfig i`rr`fjm~`gr fd{eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr mjk `j`{`m{g {eg d`~r{ guqmjr`fj fd {eg Be~`r{`mj Be~be* [er,bfiqmb{ kgmbfj Rm`j{ R{gqegj np dmjm{`br fd Rmjegk~`jS>Y*.[eg gr{mnl`reigj{ fd {eg Be~`r{`mj Be~be fd Mj{`fbe %Rp~`m %q*4*=*)5*3 ==*=0*)21,=2*=*)2 fqgjr {eg wmp {f {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Mqfr{lgr {f n`lk bfiij`{`gr f{r`kgS=Y [eg Egllgj`r{`b Hgwr %d~fi r{~fjo Hgw`re bfiij`{p `j O~ggc b`{`gr mjk bflfj`gr, rfig fd{egi, rbe mr ^mnn` Rml emt`jo ^fimj b`{`xgjre`q, {em{ eg lmp kgmbfjr %k`mcfjg`j )) Mb{r4*=*, 4*2*, 4*4**S>Y 8 [eg ^mnn` lgmkg~re`q O~fq fd {eg O~gm{ [giqlg `j Hg~rmlgi* Rqg~`f~ bf~{ kgb`r`fj `jIfrm`b [giqlg fd Hg~rmlgi `j wem{ wmr ~golm{`fjr mjk bf~{ fd b`t`l mjk ~glò`fr l`dg fd {egHgw`re Bfiij`{`gr `j Hg~rmlgi mjk `jk`~gb{lp if~g f~ lgrr fd ifr{ bfiij`{`gr fdQmlgr{`j`mj {g~~`{f~`gr mjk Rimll Mr`m3 mb{`t`{p {flg~m{gk np {eg ^fimj fbbqmj{r*


7/105

7Hgw`re Bfiij`{`gr fd @kggm* @j {e`r d`~r{ qg~`fk fd {wgj{p)d`tg pgm~r m~g ~gbg`t`jo mifjo{eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Bfiij`{`gr iging~r fd f{eg~ jm{`fjr8 M R@OJ FD GUQMJR@FJFD IF^ML BFJBGQ[R IFRM@B NP ^GL@O@FWR GTMJOGL@RI MB[@FJ FDEGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR*

. Bgj{g~ fd o~mt`{p fd {eg r{f~p {gu{ `r mnf{ Qml`mj I`rr`fjm~p* Ftg~mll {eg wf~c `r md~grbf fd {egigr mjk m~oigj{r fd d`~r{ Be~`r{`mj mqq~fmbe* @{ mlrf mkk~grr8 {f Hgwr npifrm`b bfiigj{r fd rmb~gk {gu{r, {f O~ggcr np qe`lfrfqe`bml ~gdlgb{`fjr fd Egllgj`r{`bjm{~g* Df~ mll, mqfr{fl`b mqq~fmbe gtfcgr {eg grrgjbg fd {eg Be~`r{`mj ipr{g~p8 m b~b`d`gkIgrr`me, w`{jgrr e`r ~gr~~gb{`fj mjk {eg bmll {f bfjtg~r`fj np Be~`r{`mj Nmq{`ri mjk {egGbem~`r{ ipr{g~p* [eg {gu{ wmr m{{mbcgk {em{ mj mqflfop fd {eg Qml`mj I`rr`fjm~p* [eg

dmb{ `r {em{ Lcg qlmpr k`~gb{ {gr{ìfjp mnf{ ~glò`fr bfjdl`b{ ng{wggj Ifrm`b Hgwr mjk{eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mj ~`{gr3 n~mjbegr fd {eg rmig ifjf{eg`r{ ~glò`fjr*[eg m{ef~ ~glm{gr {eg mqfr{lg Qml i`l`{mjbp, igrrmogr mkk~grrgk {f `{r ifrm`b bf)~glò`fj`r{r mjk {f /qmomjr/, ^fimj cjòe{r, ^fimj hr{`bg mjk {f {eg ^fimj Giqg~f~%Bgxm~* Lcg imkg m {gr{ìfjp, mr m w`{jgrr mjk qm~{`b`qmj{ `j {f rg{q {egi*.Cgp `kgmr `j {eg Lbmj`mj {gu{ bflk ng82

[eg Dm`{e `j gt`tml fd Hgrr mjk e`r }ml`{p fd /Rfj fd Ofk/*2[eg im`j m~oigj{r fd {eg mqfr{lgr mom`jr{ ifrm`b ^mnn`, {em{ kgj`gk Hgrr mr Igrr`me,{eg em~n`jog~ fd {eg q~fqeg{r*2[eg I`rr`fjm~p Mb{r fd Mqfr{lgr np dmb{r, rg~ifjr mjk qg~rfjml gumiqlg, `j {egbfjtg~r`fjr {f Be~`r{`mj`{p*2Q~ìm~p df~ir fd Be~`r{`mj ~`{ml q~mb{`bgr*2

@rrg fd mbbgrr {f k`t`jg df~o`tgjgrr3 grrgj{`mllp bfiifj q~fnlgi `j mll kfoim{`bml fdgrf{g~`b ~glò`fj*


8/105

4. Lcg imkg m {gr{ìfjp, w~`{`jo rfig dmb{r d~fi {eg ngo`jj`jo fd Be~`r{`mj`{p, mr mw`{jgrr mjk qm~{`b`qmj{ `j {f rg{q {egi* @j qlmbg fd bfjblr`fj {f {e`r `j{~fkb{`fj, bmjo`tg {eg gumiqlg fd ^mnn` Rml bfjtg~r`fj {f {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr, ngbmig Mqfr{lg Qml* @j{e`r r`jolg kgb`r`fj fd m eimj k~mim wg d`jk {eg Hgwr bfjtg~{ {f f{eg~ ~glò`fjr, lmr{`jo{wf {efrmjk pgm~r* [eg mqfr{lg Hmigr {eg pfjo w`ll bfj{`jg {f ~grqgb{ {eg Ifrm`b Lmw,

n{ {egp qf`j{ {f Bfjb`l fd Hg~rmlgi {em{ qmomjr w`ll rqqf~{ {eg d`jml ~g}gr{ fd mi`jìi fd ~gr{~`b{`fjr fj bfjtg~{r {f Be~`r{`mj`ri* Im~{p~kfi fd Rm`j{ R{gqegj kgmbfjw`ll n~gmc /in`l`bml bf~k/ {em{ `r {`gk {f {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mj `{r Ifrm`b Hgwr dgllfwr* [egBfjb`l fd Hg~rmlgi %;5 pgm~, d~fi f{eg~ rf~bgr 71 BG w`ll gjre~`jg {eg q~`jb`qlgr fd/K`t`jg Df~o`tgjgrr/ ofrqgl {e~foe dm`{e `j Hgrr* _`ll n~gmc {eg eflk bfjtg~{gk {fBe~`r{`mj`{p np /b{ m~fjk/ ~`{ml mjk ~grqgb{ /mk `j/ m rgtg~g Ifrm`b Lmw* N{ {e`r wmr

jf{ {~g df~ kgtf{ggr Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr %{egp dllp ~grqgb{ {eg flk Ifrm`b lmwr* [eg {f ngjkg~l`jgk dmb{ `r {eg ifigj{ fd ~`q ng{wggj {eg {wf {wòr fd Egn~gw Ifjf{eg`ri8 {egIfrm`b mjk Be~`r{`mj* Mr m k~`tg mwmp /n~f{eg~r {f n~f{eg~r/* [eg Be~`r{`mj Egn~gwMqfr{lgr w`ll bfjtg~{ Be~`r{`mjr mifjo /qgfqlgr `kflm{~p/, m qegjfigjfj we`be w`ll ngbfj{`jgk md{g~ d`~r{ bgj{~p d~fi jfj Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr mlfjo >,111 pgm~r8 `j {eg G~f)Mr`mj nf~kg~r, {egj {eg weflg wf~lk* @j`{`ml k`tg~ogjbg fd {egf~p mjk rfb`ml `j jm{~g,

ng{wggj Egn~gw, b~e~`r{`mjr mjk ifrm`b, w`ll lgmk {f ~q{~g fd {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr mjk{eg Ifrm`b Bfiij`{p `j ~gkb`jo {eg rem~g fd Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr*.@j mqq~fuìm{glp rgtgj ejk~gk pgm~r w`ll mqqgm~ @rlmi`b ifjf{eg`ri* Ml{efoe Hgrr,{eg q~fqeg{ Iemiimk k`k ~gom~kgk Ifrgr mr m q~gkgbgrrf~* [eg {e~g dfllfwg~r emtgn`l{ EM[G {f q~gtgj{ LFTG* _ep *** `j {~{e fjlp Ofk cjfwr- Impng ~glò`frGbigj`ri j`{p jkg~ {eg ròj fd m if~ml ngl`gd `j {eg gu`r{gjbg fd /WJ@]WG K@T@JG/

w`ll o`tg o~mbg `j {eg rfl fd {efrg wef m~g f~ regqeg~kr, {f ftg~bfig {eg i`~mog {em{kgl`tg~ m{ m {ìg `j rgblr`fj [F EFLK [EG RGBWLM^ QF_G^*


9/105

?

BEMQ[G^ @ QGJ[M[EGW[B*@*= [EG NGO@JJ@JO@j {eg Q~flfog fd /Mb{r fd {eg Mqfr{lgr/ Mqfr{lg Lcg `r mkk~grrgk {f m bfi~mkg, [gfd`l %Hgw`j {eg M{{`b, rw`{begk {f Be~`r{`mj`{p jkg~ Qml/r bfjkb{ riim~`x`jo `j m dgw

qm~mo~mqer %Mb{r q*=*=)>*4 fjg fd {eg grrgj{`ml q~fqegbp fd Hgrr Be~`r{, md{g~~gr~~gb{`fj, mjk mjjfjb`jo {eg bfi`jo fd {eg Eflp Rq`~`{ Nmq{`ri* @j rìqlg wf~kr wgbfiij`bm{g {eg grrgjbg fd {eg Ofrqgl igrrmog fd Hgrr* @j {eg df~{p kmpr {em{ md{g~ Hgrr~gr~~gb{`fj* Eg bfiij`bm{g w`{e {eg mqfr{lgr fj {eg Ifj{ Fl`tg {~ggr %we`be om~kr {egflk b`{p fd Hg~rmlgi, w`{e {eg q~fqegb`gr fd wem{ wflk emqqgj, eg mrcgk e`r bfi~mkgr {flgmtg {eg b`{p, {f ~gbg`tg ftg~ dgw kmpr /Nmq{`ri np Eflp Rq`~`{/8

/Hfej {eg Nmq{`r{ nmq{`ri o`tgj wm{g~, n{ pf w`ll ng nmq{`xgk j {eg Eflp Rq`~`{ lòe{ ftg~m dgw kmpr/ %Mb{r q*=*7**Mqfr{lgr r{`ll k`k jf{ {e`jc {f ~q{~g ng{wggj dm`{e dfllfw`jo qgfqlg wefrg be`lk~gj wg~g*[egp mrcgk8/[eg {ìg emr bfig {f ~gr{f~g {eg C`jokfi fd @r~mgl6[eg mjrwg~ wmr8

/ _g bmj jf{ {f cjfw wegj mjk wegj* N{ pf w`ll ~gbg`tg m Df~bg8 {em{ {eg Eflp Rq`~`{,we`be w`ll kfwj fj pf~ ng`jor* [egj pf/ll ng ip w`{jgrr, `j Hg~rmlgi, `j mll Hkgm mjkRmim~`m, hr{ `j mll {eg wf~lk/ %Mb{r q*=*?**.[eg~g m~g imjp q~gt`fr t`gw`jo r{m{g, gjt`rmogk np {eg q~fqeg{r mjk imor, gtg~p qm~{fd {eg gm~{e* T`gw`jo bfjk`{`fj, cjfwj mr /{eg blgm~ t`r`fj/ `r ~glm{`tg `j @jk`m tgkmr nffcr,d`jk {gu{ gj{g~gk `j r{fjg f~ qmqp~r np `jr`kg~r d~fi Igiqe`r %Gopq{, `j e`r ~gqf~{r fj

Eg~fkf{ q~gk`b{ qflp{eg`r{ bl{ mjk q~`gr{r Glgr`mj d~fi Kglqe`* [f igj{`fj mjk {efrg fd{eg d`~r{ n`nl`bml {gu{ %/Flk [gr{migj{/* [eg guqlmjm{`fj df~ {eg fbb~~gjbg fd blgm~)r{m{g


10/105

5

t`r`fj `r {f n~`gdlp `j {eg `j{gjr`tg rg fd n~m`j ~grf~bgr {e~foe {~m`j`jo mjk m o~gm{ wmp fd l`dg,we`be {mcg ng{wggj df~ mjk df~{ggj pgm~r %kgqgjk`jo fj {eg r{mog ~gmbegk np {eg r{m~{* Egwmr, cggq`jo {eg q~fqf~{`fjr, rfigwem{ l`cg m opijmr{ {~m`j`jo df~ qg~df~imjbg ***ngw`lkg~igj{ {em{ pgm~ wm{be`jo ^fimj`mj Jmk`m Bfimjgb` `j qm~mllgl f~ ngmi `r mlrf {eg

f{bfig mjk g}`qq`jo jm{`tg mjk m lm~og jing~ fd ef~r fd {~m`j`jo kfjg fj kgt`bgr* Pgm~r fdkgq~`tm{`fj bfiqm~gk {f {eg l`dg mjk hfpr fd be`lk~gj eg~ mog* ^grl{ m~g rì`lm~8 {eg imuìiqfrr`nlg `jk`t`kml qg~df~imjbg* @ `jt`{g {efrg w`ll`jo {f bfjrl{ mifjo gmbe f{eg~ mjkn`nl`fo~mqep fd {e`r {gu{* Hgrr, l`cg Ifrgr, Qp{emof~mr mjk Ifemiigk, m~g {eg Q~fqeg{r* [egpemtg ~gmbegk {eg l{ìm{g imuìi kgo~gg, np o~mbg mjk {~m`j`jo, mjk wg~g igmj{ {f rg {e`rqfwg~, ogjg{`b mjk mb}`~gk, `j if~ml mjk ~glò`fr ~gt`tml fd {eg g~m `j we`be {egp l`tgk

{giqf~ml kgr{`jp w`{e m t`r`fj {em{ w`ll ~grl{ mjk df~gnfk`jo*. Rf Hgrr guqlm`jgk `j m dgw wf~kr {em{ Hg~rmlgi mr {eg qlmbg fd kgqm~{~g mjk m~~`tml, mi{m{`fj {em{ w`ll {~òog~ m /Ofrqgl fd Hgrr/3 imhf~ r{mogr fd e`r{f~p mjk {eg Be~`r{`mj mqfr{lgr*N{ g}mllp {~g `r {em{ w`{ef{ dm`{e mjk {gjmb`{p fd gm~lp Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr i`rr`fjm~`gr, {efrgwef emtg dfllfwgk {eg kgk`bm{`fj, {eg q~fqeg{r wflk emtg ~gim`jgk `j {eg w`lkg~jgrr ****Md{g~ d`d{p kmpr b~b`dù`fj fd Hgrr, dfllfwg~r om{eg~gk `j {eg q~gb`jb{r weg~g {eg~g emr nggj/[eg lmr{ Rqqg~* [egp wg~g Qg{g~, Hfej, Hmbfn, Mjk~gw, Qe`l`q, [efimr, Nm~{filfig

%Jm{mjmgl, Im{{egw, Hmbfn %rfj fd Mldg`, [eg Xgmlf{ Rìfj, Hkmr %f{eg~ {emj @rbm~`f{ Hkmr,wef emjkgk Hgrr {f {eg ^fimj {~ffqr, {fog{eg~ w`{e rg~tmj{r bfi`jo {f [giqlg `{ bmq{~gr*[fog{eg~ w`{e {egi wmr Im~p, Hgrr if{eg~ mjk m o~fq fd dfllfwg~r* Dfllfwgk ^gr~~gb{`fjdmb{r, wgll cjfwj, bmig jgwr fd Hkmr/r r`b`kg mjk ~gqlmbgigj{ w`{e Im{{egw* Nm~jmng,ml{efoe `{ wmr jf{ glgb{gk, w`ll bfj{`jg {f {gjmb`frlp k`rb`qlg fd Hgrr* [pq`bml Egn~gwBe~`r{`mjr fd {eg {ìg wmr {eg mnrgjbg fd gjtp mjk q~`kg* Jfjg fd {eg {wgltg m~g jf{ bfjr`kg~gk

m{ ngr{ fjlp mifjo {eg {wgltg [F NG*


11/105

0M{ d`d{p kmpr md{g~ Gmr{g~ mjk Qmrr`fj fd Hgrr ^gr~~gb{`fj, m r{f~i fd jf`rg {em{r~~fjkgk {eg n`lk`jo weg~g {egp wg~g* R{~mjog qegjfigjm {ffc qlmbg8 /r{~gmir fd d`~g/we`be `r kfwj d~fi {fq fd gmbe mqfr{lg* K`t`jg o~mbg %`j dmb{ {eg Rm`j{ Rq`~`{ Nmq{`ribfig* [eg gddgb{ wmr fnrg~tgk fj kmpr {em{ dfllfwgk np b`{p `jemn`{mj{r* Jf{ rimll `{ wmrr~q~`r`jo wegj gmbe fd {egi egm~k {eg wf~kr fd {eg mqfr{lgr8 /^gr~~gb{`fj jgwr fd Hgrr/fj e`r {fjog* @{ `r cjfwj mr {eg mqfr{lgr wg~g rìqlg qgfqlg, jf{ {~m`jgk m{ rbefflr jgm~ {egrpjmofog* If~g8 {egp {mlcgk mnf{ Hgrr `j Glmi`{g, M~mn`b, Qm~{* Q~gmbegk {eg bfi`jo fdIgrfqf{mi`m, Hkgm, Bmqmkfbe`m, Qfj{g Gu`j, L`npm, ^fig* [giqlg eòeg~ ~grqfjrg `r{em{ Qg{g~ mjk glgtgj f{eg~ mqfr{lgr, wmr {eg ~grl{ fd *** k~`jc* @j {eg b~fwk om{eg~gk `j {egbf~{pm~k fd {eg [giqlg, ~gbmllr {em{ j`jg bfi`jo {f q~gmbe if~j`jo* G`{eg~ Hgwrq~mb{`b`jo Ifrm`b Lmw, m~g q~fe`n`{gk ngdf~g m q~mp {e`r if~j`jo ngtg~mogr fd mjp c`jkS=Y*[egp guqlm`j {eg r{~mjog qegjfigjfj w`{e {eg igrrmog {~mjri`{{gk np Hgrr fj {eg Ifj{Fl`tg {~ggr8/@ w`ll kf {em{ Ig`rmj`br {ìgr, Ip rq`~`{ {f kgrbgjk fj {eg nfk`gr* Ng w`ll q~fqegrp, pfjoqgfqlg w`ll emtg t`r`fjr, flk igj w`ll emtg {efoe{r* @ w`ll kfwj fj {eg Eflp Rq`~`{bfii`{{gk* @ bfjh~g ipr{g~`fr ròjr fj {eg rcp mjk kfwj {f Gm~{e* [eg rj w`ll bemjog{eg remkfw mjk {eg Iffj `j {eg nlffk {f bfig ngdf~g {eg kmp fd Ofk ) {eg O~gm{ Kmp* Mjk

gtg~pfjg w`ll `jtfcg Ofk/r jmig w`ll ng rmtgk/* %Mb{r >*=?*)>=*Mqfr{lg Qg{g~ rmp8 [egj pf ~giging~ efw {efrg q~grgj{ {em{ {eg Rgj{ fd Ofk, w`{e o~mbgfd ~gbftg~ mjk {~g Ifrm`b dm`{e wmr b~b`d`gk np {efrg rmig g{ej`b o~fq, be`lk~gj fd@r~mgl/r* N{ Pgefrem %Hgrr fd Jmxm~g{e ^gr~~gb{`fj `r rì`lm~lp mr C`jo Kmt`k emk e`rfwj t`r`fj fd ~gr~~gb{`fj* @j {e`r mqq~fmbe wmr q~grgj{gk w`{e m ~gtglm{`fj8^GRW^^GB[@FJ*

S=Y _em{ emr nggj rgj{ {f Be~`r{`mjr `j {eg rmb~migj{ ~`{ml*


12/105

=1. [eg d`~r{ r{gqr fd Be~`r{`mj`{p, {eg mqfr{lgr wg~g ~gdg~~gk {f mj mjb`gj{ grf{g~`b bfjbgq{8^GRW^^GB[@FJ RFWL mr m ~grl{ fd `{r qmrrmog {e~foe m lfjo l`jg fd {giqf~mlgu`r{gjbg, j{`l fjg fd {eg {wf qfrr`n`l`{`gr8 kgr{~b{`fj `j Emkgr %Egll f~ qmrrmog `j meòeg~ qlmj %bmllgk {eg C`jokfi fd Ofk, Flpiqr, Egmtgj, J`~tmjm, g{b** M bfj{giqf~m~p

emr m tmog qg~bgq{`fj fd {eg gu`r{gjbg fd {e`r mjb`gj{ ip{e* Q~fqe{r Egn~gw qgfqlg, mifjo{egi Ifrgr, Kmt`k mjk @rm`me, @ cjgw* E`r{f~p mjk q~grgjbg fd {e`r ip{e `j {eg grf{g~`b{gu{r jfw j`jg {efrmjk pgm~r8 {eg t`r`fj fd Eg~igr [~`rigo`r{r %mnf{ wefrg gu`r{gjbgwg {mlc Ref~g* E`r dfllfwg~r, q~`gr{r fd {giqlgr fd Igiqe`r %Gopq{, mjk lm{g~ @jk`mj^mim C~`rejm, rem~gk {eg `jr`kg fj {eg lmr{ r{gqr fd `j`{`m{`fj, ipr{g~p ~gr~~gb{`fj rq`~`{`j{f mjf{eg~ n`flfo`bml nfkp, {e~foef{ {eg gu`r{gjbg fd m jing~ fd we`be kgo~mkg E@OE

f~ {fwm~kr l`dg w`{ef{ kgm{e* Qp{emof~m pf k`rblfrg glg`rmj ip{e mnf{ ofkkgrr Qrpeg*E`r k`rb`qlgr, {ffc eì `j O~ggc bflfj`gr* Fjg fd {eg k`rb`qlgr, Xmiflug %{eg mjb`gj{ Lf~k fdKmb Qgfqlg, `j {eg T@@ bgj{~p ngdf~g g*b* emr o~fwj w`{e kgm{e ri`lg fj {eg l`qr fd {efrgc`llgk fj {eg nm{{lgd`glk, bfjd`kgj{ `j {eg jgu{ l`dg w`ll ng ~gwm~kgk df~ {eg bf~mog mjkkòj`{p* Ifrgr, wef wmr {eg d`~r{ Rni`{{gk %Igrm`me fd {eg qgfqlg fd Ofk wmr m Hgw`j`{`m{gk `j [gnmj {giqlgr %U@@@ bgj{~p ngdf~g {eg Be~`r{`mj g~m* Ifrgr ~gtgml

^gr~~gb{`fj Ipr{g~p {f {eg Hgw`re qgfqlg fj {eg wmp d~fi Gopq{ {f {eg nmjcr fd Hf~kmj*[eg ~gmrfj wmr {f b~gm{g m qgfqlg df~ m ~glò`fj* Df~ Hgw`re {~`ngr {em{ emtg nggj bfjkb{gk`j {eg wmr{gr fd R`jm` df~{p pgm~r ng{wggj J`l Kgl{m mjk G~èfj %k`r{mjbg {em{ wflk ng ofjg`j m dgw ifj{er* [eg mì ng`jo {em{ {eg jgw nf~j fj {e`r ~fmk {f ng gkbm{gk mjk {~m`jgkifjf{eg`r{ ~glò`fj {f {~r{ `j FJG OFK ) mjk {eg jgw rq`~`{ fd if~ml mjk rfb`ml lmwr fdIfrgr, we`be `j {~j jkg~l`g {eg f~omj`xm{`fj fd eimj b`t`l`xm{`fj df~ jgm~lp {e~gg{efrmjk pgm~r* @d {e`~r{p mjk ejo~p Hgwr emk bg~{m`jlp m l`dg megmk wflk ng rqgb`d`bmllpwm`tgk `j qlmbg m{ {eg q~grgj{ *** Md{g~ Ifrgr jf Memm~fj %Mm~fj f~ @gefrem %Hfrem


13/105

==emtg jf{ ~gtgmlgk {eg grf{g~`b ~gr~~gb{`fj ipr{g~p* N{ eg wmr qg~bg`tgk np rfig fd {eg~mnn` %Qem~`rgg mjk Grrgjgr k~`jo {eg gu`r{gjbg fd Hgrr*.Ofrqgl fd Hgrr w`ll ng {eg d`~r{ {f k`rblfrg {eg ipr{g~p fd {eg fbbl{ mr ^gr~~gb{`fjifrm`b q`llm~ fd dm`{e* [eg q~fqeg{ wmr b~b`d`gk ngbmrg {em{ igmjr d`jml kgm{e fd rfl df~

`jr`kg~r ifrm`b* ^gmqqgm~mjbg ngdf~g e`r k`rb`qlgr wmr mj mbcjfwlgkoigj{ fd {eg ipr{g~p8/[eg kgm{e fd kgm{e {f r{gq fj/* Mjk guqlm`jr rbe {gjmb`{p mjk t`~{g w`{e we`be {eg d`~r{Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr ^gr~~gb{`fj d`lgk {gr{ìfjp fd Hgrr, ifr{ fd{gj m{ {eg bfr{ fd l`dg*Mqfr{lg Qg{g~ `j e`r d`~r{ lgb{~gr %mjk lm{g~ Qml cgq{ q~gmbe`jo `j rpjmofogr mjk `j e`rlg{{g~r blmìgk ng{wggj {eg j`{p mjk {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr mjk {eg Flk [gr{migj{* @{ wmr mjm{{giq{ {f qg~rmkg q~`gr{r {f mbbgq{ {gr{ìfjp ~gr~~gb{`fj mr q~ffd fd }ml`{p df~ Hgrr {fng Igrr`me* [e`r wmr o~gg{gk w`{e `j{flg~mjbg k`ro`rgk {f r {fkmp* N{ /Lftg K`t`jg/ mjkefqg `j /L`dg Md{g~/ w`ll df~bg {egi {f guqmjk np dfllfwg~r fd /qmomj wf~lk/ {e~foef{ {egeflg imjc`jk*. @j {efrg k`dd`bl{ ifigj{r mjk {em{ wmr jf{ {f ng m qfrr`nlg bfjrgjrr* Hkgmj C`jokfi,fbbq`gk np {eg ^fimjr, k`t`kgk e`r `jr`kg, wmr jf{ mj gjt`~fjigj{ df~ {egflfo`bml /bflk/kgnm{g, w`{e {eg fnhgb{`tg fd d`jk`jo l`jgr gig~o`jo ng{wggj Egn~gw8 Ifrm`b `jr`kg~r mjkBe~`r{`mjr, ngbmrg fd {e~gg imhf~ bfjdl`b{r8JM[@FJML BFJDL@B[ ) Hgw qgfqlg fqqfrgk {f m /r`b`kml {gjmb`{p/ %Giqg~f~ Mk~`mjr{m{gigj{ ^fimj kfi`jm{`fj np d~g}gj{ ~`f{r lgk np xgmlf{r* Mjf{eg~ qm~{ fd {eg Egn~gwrfb`g{p, {eg ~`begr{, d`jk m ifkr t`tgjk` w`{e {eg ^fimj fbbqm{`fj df~bg* [em{ b~gm{g mj`j{g~jml rql`{ ng{wggj dfllfwg~r fd {eg {wf qm{ewmpr* Mj gumiqlg `r {eg egmk fd efr{`lg, HgwHfrgqe Ngj Im{`{me, wef {moe{ {eg ^fimjr {eg jmig ng`jo ~giftgk d~fi qgfqlg/re`r{f~p %{eg `~fjp `r {em{ `{ ngbfigr fjg fd {eg e`r{f~`mjr b`{gk df~ {eg Hgw`re l`dg mjk

^fimj Hgw wm~r fd {em{ mog, {egj jkg~ ^fimj Hefrgdr Dlmt`r* [eg =27 pgm~ n~`jo {f


14/105

=>eì {eg fbbqm{`fj fd Hg~rmlgi, Hgwr k~`t`jo mwmp d~fi {eg b`{p3 ^fimjr kgr{~fp`jon`lk`jor, ~m~glp lmjk w`{e fugj mjk n`lk m ^fimj b`{p bmllgk Mgl`m Bmq`{fl`jm %bgj{~p @@b*g** @J[G^JML BFJDL@B[ ) @{ bfjr`r{r `j {eg kgo~mkm{`fj fd b`t`l rfb`g{p mjk m{fi`rm{`fj

Egn~gw b`t`l rfl`km~`{p nmrgk fj wgml{e* [eg ~grl{ wmr m rg~`gr fd ~`f{r mom`jr{ rni`{{`jomj mki`j`r{~m{`tg jm{~g {em{ ftg~lmq {~`n{g {eg ^fimj m{ef~`{p* Df~ rìqlg imj bfi`jofd {eg Igrr`me, {eg `jbm~jm{g Hgrr, wmr jf{ fjlp gbef {eg q~fqeg{r Ifrgr, Kmt`k, f~ @rm`me,n{ m igmjr {f guq~grr ~gngll`fj fd {eg qgfqlg mom`jr{ bmr{gr mjk {~`nml mki`j`r{~m{`tg Hkgmmjk ^fimj m{ef~`{`gr mjk ngm~ ifjgp* @{ `r mlifr{ rqg~dlfr {f igj{`fj {em{ {egj, mrjfw, {egrg bfjdl`b{r emtg lgk {f `j{g~jml dm`l~gr mjk m lmbc fd j`{p, bmj ng rgk np {eg

^fimjr {f im`j{m`j qfrrgrr`fj mjk d`jmllp kgr{~fp Hkgmj r{m{g*^GL@O@FWR BFJDL@B[ fq`j`fjm{gk m{ {em{ {ìg wg~g {e~gg o~fqr w`{e k`ddg~gj{`j{g~q~g{m{`fjr fd {eg {egflfo`bml mjk q~mb{`bml mrqgb{r fd {eg kfb{~`jg fd ~glò`fr ifrm`b*Rmkbggr %[xmkfcì ) r~t`t`jo bfjrg~tm{`tg n~mjbe fd Lgt`{`br, [f~g ~g}`~`jobfiql`mjbg w`{e {eg lg{{g~, w`{ef{ mjp kgt`m{`fj* [egp blmìgk Kfoim gu`r{gjbg fd m r`jolg%r`jolg l`dg* L`dg Hgw wmr k~`tgj np dgm~ fd n~gmc`jo pf~ i`{xtf{ %bfiimjkigj{r rmb~gk,

{eg qj`reigj{ fd Ofk* [egp emk m{ {em{ {ìg bfj{~fl Rmjegk~`j %~glò`fr kgb`r`fj)imc`jodf~i fd {eg O~gm{ [giqlg* Mifjo {egi m~g {eg Bm`qemr ) Eòe Q~`gr{ `j {eg {ìg fd Rm`j{Hfej {eg nmq{`rg~ mjk {egj Hgrr*Qem~`rggr %Qg~rbeì wg~g {efrg wef, `j mqq~fmbe`jo {eg q~fnlgir fd /Hgw `j {egr{~gg{/, [f~g q~mb{`bg {gmbe`jo `j m rq`~`{ fd dlgu`n`l`{p mjk mkmq{ {egi {f q~mb{`bml ~gml`{p %/F~ml rg [f~me/* [egp kf jf{ kgjp {eg ^gr~~gb{`fj* Rfig fd {egi rbe mr ^mnn`

J`bfkgir, Omiml`gl {eg Pfjo, emtg guq~grrgk `j Rmjegk~`j {f d`jk m bfiq~fi`rg w`{e{eg Be~`r{`mj rgb{ fd Hgwr, nf{e ngdf~g mjk ìigk`m{glp md{g~ {eg c`ll`jo fd Hgrr*


15/105

=2Grrgjgr %Emr`kì wg~g {eg bf~g fd {eg grf{g~`b nfkp fd ^mnn`jm{g Bf~qr* [eg`~ bgj{g~rwg~g fqgj `j G`j Oegkk` %G`j Ogk` mjk ]i~mi jgm~ Kgm{e Rgm mjk J`l Kgl{m* [eg`~goml`{m~`mj f~omj`xm{`fj %l`dg mjk q~fqg~{p `j bfiifj, i{ml n~f{eg~r fd dm`{e weg~gtg~{egp m~g, nmjj`jo {eg q~mb{`bg fd rqgblm{`tg mb{`t`{`gr, {~mkg, i`l`{m~p w`ll ng {mcgj ftg~ np

{eg d`~r{ Be~`r{`mj bfiij`{`gr mjk Be~`r{`mj lm{g~ ifjmr{`b f~kg~r, ~gom~klgrr fd ~`{g*Mifjo {egi wflk ng {efrg wef emtg rqqf~{gk {eg im{g~`ml mjk lfo`r{`b rqqf~{ i`rr`fjrq~gmbegk fd Hgrr %{eg mrriq{`fj `r nmrgk fj {eg fnrg~tm{`fj {em{ {eg Ofrqglr m~g jf{igj{`fjgk imjp fd {efrg wef emtg nggj efr{r fd {eg Mqfr{lgr, we`be d`{r w`{e {eg {~mk`{`fjfd q~f{gb{`jo l`jcr ng{wggj iging~r fd {eg Grrgjgr bfjo~gom{`fj* Blmìgk {em{ {eg`~kfb{~`jg ^gr~~gb{`fj ip{e mjk gu`r{gjbg `j {ìg fd rgtg~ml rgj{ %Igrr`me* [egp, `j tm~`frifigj{r fd {eg /_m~ fj {eg be`lk~gj fd lòe{ rfjr fd km~cjgrr/ bfig {f {eg / k`t`jg w`ll /*Grrgjgr, Rmkbggr, Qem~`rggr `r bfjr{`{{gk `j {eg qmr{ bfjb`lf~ fd Hkggm C`jor*@j{g~jml bfjdl`b{r wg~g jf{ w`qgk f{ np jfw ***. @j{g~jml dòe{`jo rqg~qfrg {f {eg d`jml @r~mgl R{m{g k`r`j{go~m{`fj fd {eg pgm~ =27*Imc`jo /Rq`~`{ml R{m{g fd @r~mgl/, np r{~b{~`jo `{r kfb{~`jml mjk q~moim{`b, `r `j`{`m{gk np@femjmj ^mnn` Ngj Xmcm`, {f @MRI@JM %?1* [e`r f~omj`xm{`fjml r{~b{~g emr gjmnlgk {egr~t`tml fd Rq`~`{ml k`rqm~m{g bfiij`{`gr mn~fmk G~g{x @r~mgl %Oml{* Bfjo~grr `j Nmrgl`j =50? wmr {eg ngo`jj`jo fd Bfi`jo Nmbc* Gjkgk `j =0;5 w`{e {eg dfjk`jo fd G~g{x @r~mglR{m{g* @j jfjg fd {egrg ifigj{r emr jf{ nggj mbbgq{gk mr m Hgw {f {eg Egn~gw mkeg~gj{ fdBe~`r{`mj`{p* Mjk {f ng dm`~ *** df~ mjp f{eg~ ~glò`fj {emj Ifrm`b*.Md{g~ {eg d`~r{ lgb{~g fd Qg{g~ ngo`jr {f bfjtg~{ {eg Hgwr np Be~`r{`mj /nmq{`ri w`{ewm{g~/ mjk Gbem~`r{S=Y*S=Y Mnf{ BE^@R[GJ@JO F^ MKWL[ NMQ[@RI ) /^gqgj{, mjk gmbe fd pf w`ll ng nmq{`xgk `j {eg

jmig fd Hgrr Be~`r{ df~ {eg df~o`tgjgrr fd r`jr/ %Mb{r >*25** GWBEM^@R[ ) Egn~gw, {eg d`~r{Be~`r{`mjr /efig n~gmc n~gmk /%Mb{r >*;4*


16/105

=;[egp wg~g mlifr{ /{e~gg {efrmjk rflr.* [eg d`~r{ Be~`r{`mj bfiij`{p `j Hg~rmlgim~`rgr* Dfllfwg~r {f ~grqgb{ {eg ~`{ml Gbem~`r{`b3 offkr wg~g imkg `j bfiifj, imrr mjkq~mpg~r wg~g rem~gk, mjk {~m`j`jo {f Mqfr{fl`b Rbeffl*[egp fnrg~tg {eg {~mk`{`fj fd f~omj`x`jo m {pqg fd Egn~gw Grrgjgr bfiij`{p* Lftg Ofk

mjk dgm~ jf{, offk jgòenf~ mjk imkg jf ig~bp, hfp {f lgm~j mlfjor`kg f{eg~r `j dm`{e mjkjf{ ~gtgl {eg /glgb{gk/ mjk imkg {eg d`~r{ Be~`r{`mjr {f rgll {eg`~ mrrg{r, n~`jo`jo `j jgwim{g~`ml offkr np {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr bfiij`{p* [egp bfj{`jgk {f fnrg~tg {~mk`{`fjr,efl`kmpr mjk ~`{ml bfiigif~m{`jo Ifrm`b %fd {egp jf{ dggl`jo mqm~{ mjk {f of {f {egO~gm{ [giqlg*[eg i`~mblfr egml`jo, ~gml`xgk np {eg Mqfr{lgr, {egp ~g`jdf~bgk {eg bfjd`kgjbg `j {eg wmp

befrgj* Df~ gumiqlg eg ~gbftg~p `j m lmig wmp {f if~j`jo q~mpg~r `j {eg [giqlg* @j fjgkmp, wegj Qg{g~ mjk Hfej of {f {eg [giqlg if~j`jo q~mpg~, m b~`qqlg d~fi n`~{e {egpr{~g{begk emjk {f ~gbg`tg {eg kflg* Qg{g~ mjk {eg dùgk `j{gjr`{p fd e`r gpgr we`lg eg {flkHfej8 /Lffc @{/r WR-* Ng`jo jemqqp mjk eg ~m`rgr e`r egmk fj, mlwmpr emjk r{~g{begk*Qg{g~ bfj{`jgr {f t`gw w`{e `j{gjr`{p wegj eg rmpr8/R`ltg~ mjk Oflk @ emtg jf{, NW[ _EM[ MI @ o`tg pf8 @j {eg jmig fd Hgrr Be~`r{ fdJmxm~g{e OG[ WQ MJK OF- .%Mb{r q*2*4*Qg{g~ eglqgk b~`qqlg r{mjk q mjk dggl {em{ {egp m~g tòf~fr* Of {e~foe {eg [giqlgbf~{pm~k {emjc Ofk* @ rgg {eg dm`{edl q~grgj{ b~`qqlgk ngoo`jo of`jo fj*[em{ bmrgk ngw`lkg~igj{ mifjo {egp m~g {eg~g* Qg{g~ mjk Hfej of`jo {f {eg d~fj{ om{gGrqlmjmkm Rflfifj mjk mkk~grrgr b~fwk {eg~g* [eg ~gbgj{ ~gbmllr efw imjp fd {efrg blfrg{f kgm{e {egp mrcgk Hgrr* E`r ^gr~~gb{`fj {gr{ìfjp `r {em{ lmig {em{ ~gbftg~p {e~foedm`{e `j Hgrr mjk {eg Mqfr{lgr `jtfc`jo e`r jmig [eg wf~kr fd Qg{g~ mjk Hfej8/Qgfqlg fd @r~mgl, wep m~g mimxgk* _ep wg lffc l`cg wg emtg bfii`{{gk {e`r i`~mblg w`{e


17/105

=7f~ fwj df~bgr f~ np {eg qfwg~ fd f~ q~mpg~* Ofk fd Mn~memi, fd @rmmb mjk Hmbfn, {eg Ofkfd f~ dm{eg~r mjk {eg eflp o~mbg kgrbgjkgk, olf~`dp`jo eì e`r rg~tmj{, Hgrr Be~`r{, we`bel`jcgk pf mjk ~gjgomkg ngdf~g Q`lm{g3 eì wegj eg wmj{gk {f l`ng~m{g eì* Mjk pf emtgmbbrgk {eg eflp rg~tmj{ fd Ofk mrc`jo df~ l`dg `j gubemjog df~ mj mrrmrr`j SNm~mnmrY* _e`lg{f c`ll {eg Q~`jbg fd L`dg* Ofk ~gr~~gb{gk d~fi {eg kgmk* Mjk {e~foe dm`{e `j E`r jmig,

{e`r imj wef pf cjfw, {eg `jtfbm{`fj fd {eg jmig fjlp emr qlmpgk fjg pf rgg fj dllegml{e* %Mb{r q*2*=>*)=4** Eg ~ogr bfjtg~r`fj mifjo /{eg Qgfqlg fd Ofk/ }f{`jo d~fiIfrgr mjk Mn~memmi* Gjbf~mo`jo {f bfjtg~{ wmr mbbfiqmj`gk np mqfr{lg w`{e m}f{m{`fj d~fi Ifrgr8/Ofk w`ll rgjk mifjo pf m q~fqeg{ l`cg ig* [efrg eg w`ll jf{ l`r{gj {f {e`r q~fqeg{ w`ll nggublkgk d~fi mifjo {eg qgfqlg fd Ofk /* %Mb{r q*2*>>** Eg ~gbmllr Mn~memi q~fqeg{r fd

olfnml`xm{`fj fj qgfqlg/r dm`{e `j Egn~gw Ofrqgl fd Hgrr8/@j {eg jmig fd {e`r q~fqeg{, Rfj fd Ofk w`ll ng nlgrrgk mll {eg dmi`l`gr fd {eg Gm~{e/* %Mb{rq*2*>7**Igmjwe`lg {eg b~fwk blfrglp mqq~fmbe`jo mnn` mjk {eg [giqlg om~k* Mqfr{lgr m~gm~~gr{gk mjk n~foe{ ngdf~g {eg Igg{`jo Rmjegk~`j* [egp wg~g mrcgk we`be {~p ifbc {eg`~dm`{e* Qg{g~/r ~grqfjrg wmr, `j mkk`{`fj {f {eg m~oigj{r q~grgj{gk b~fwk, {eg if{`tm{`fj fd

dm`{e `j Hgrr mr {eg bf~jg~r{fjg fd eimj rmltm{`fj fd {eg Hgw qgfqlg* Mlrf {eg~g wmr {eglmig egmlgk, t`t`k {gr{ìfjp {f {eg wf~kr fd Qg{g~* F{r`kg {eg wf~lk kgimjkgk {eg`~~glgmrg* Mqfr{lgr m~g ~glgmrgk *** Igmr~gr `jbfjr`r{gj{ kg fj fjg emjk np dgm~ fd ~`f{r, fj{eg f{eg~ rqgmcg~r gjkf~rgk {eg Rmjegk~`j weg~g ^mnn` Omiml`gl {f ~og bm{`fj* @j {egjgu{ qg~`fk `jb~gmrg imrr`tglp {eg jing~ fd gj{g~`jo {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr bfiij`{p*@jb~gmrg `{r wgldm~g* Qgfqlg n~foe{ {eg r`bc fj {eg wmp mqfr{lgr {f egml* Bfjt`jbgk fd {eg

~gml`{p fd egml`jo, w`{e Egn~gw mr Nm~jmnm df~{jg rgll`jo {eg`~ q~fqg~{p, q~ft`k`jo {egifjgp mlfjo w`{e {eg`~ ~gbfjtg~r`fj* Df~ {eg km`lp k`r{~`n{`fj fd offkr w`{e`j {eg


18/105

=4bfiij`{p {eg {wgltg mqfr{lgr mqqf`j{gk rgtgj kgmbfjr fd {eg Hgwr d~fi {eg Egllgj`r{`brqmbg %k`mcfjg`j ) Mb{r 4*=*, 4*2*, 4*4** F~omj`xm{`fjml rbbgrr imkg ~mnn`r f~ qf{gj{m{g, {fqmj`b* O~mjk ^mnn` Bm`qemr mrcr {f Mqfr{lgr jf{ {f q~gmbe rmp`jo8/Nlffk fd Hgrr w`ll mtgjog mll @r~mgl/*[eg mqfr{lg Qml ~gql`gr8/_ef ir{ fngp, Ofk f~ qgfqlg6 .^mnn` ~grqfjrg wmr8/Fj Ofk/[egj mqfr{lg mjrwg~gk8/Ofk fd f~ dm{eg~r ~m`rgk Hgrr `j f~kg~ {f o`tg {eg qgfqlg fd @r~mgl {eg df~o`tgjgrr fd r`jr*_g m~g w`{jgrrgr/ %Mb{r q*7*>5* ) 2>**Ngdf~g m igg{`jo `j we`be {eg ~fm~ mjk {e~gm{gj `j m bfjdrgk r{m{g, ^mnn` Omiml`gl~g}`~gr {em{ {eg q~`rfjg~r ng ~giftgk d~fi {eg bf~{~ffi rmp`jo8/_EGJ [EG DMB[R BFIG D^FI QF_G^ FD QGFQLG, REMLL KGR[^WB[@FJ@[RGLD3 @D @JKGGK @JRQ@^GK NP OFK @R JF[ _@LL PFW KGR[^WB[@FJ* M^GWJL@CGLP [F NG @J BFJDL@B[ _@[E OFK /* %Mb{r q*7*2;** Mqfr{lgr wg~g ngm{gj mjkwg~g df~n`kkgj {f q~gmbe `j {eg jmig fd Hgrr*


19/105

=?B*@*>* RM@J[ R[GQEGJ KGMBFJ[eg Hgwr d~fi {eg Egllgj`r{`b rqmbg wg~g Egn~gw d~fi Hgw`re r{~fjo bfiij`{`gr `jO~ggc b`{`gr* Rfig fd {egi, rbe mr ^mnn` Rml emk ^fimj b`{`xgjre`q* @j {eg`~ rpjmofogrwg ~gmk mjk fnrg~tg [f~me Bfiimjkmigj{r `j O~ggc* [egp kgimjkgk {em{ {eg Be~`r{`mj

Ofrqgl {f ng q~gmbegk `j O~ggc* _egj {eg mqfr{lgr befrg rgtgj kgmbfjr df~ {eg q~mb{`bg fd~`{ml `j {eg Egn~gw lmjomog rì`lm~ {f f{eg~ {g~~`{f~`gr* Jf{ fjlp `j m~mim`b mr q~mb{`bg `j{eg rpjmofogr* _g~g8 R{gqegj, Qe`l`q, Q~fef~, J`bmjf~, [ìfj, Qm~igjmr mjk J`beflmr fdMj{`fbe* Rm`j{ R{gqegj {eg kgmbfj q~ftg {eg ifr{ `jrq`~gk qgfqlg mjk rq~gmk ~gbftg~`jokggkr* [eg~gdf~g gu{~gig qg~rgb{`fj ifrm`b dfbrgk fj eì* D`~r{ {egp {~`gk {f {f bfinm{eì m{ igg{`jor mjk {egflfo`bml kgnm{gr {em{ {ffc qlmbg `j {eg [giqlg, {eg Rmnnm{eS=Y* [eg

ifr{ moo~grr`tg wg~g {eg rf bmllgk /~glgmrg/ 8 {eg r~t`t`jo Hgwr d~fi B`~gjg, Mlgumjk~`m,B`l`b`m, mjk imkg rlmtgr fd Qfiqg` md{g~ fbbqm{`fj fd Qmlgr{`jg %41 nbg mjk rnrg}gj{lp~glgmrgk np Bmgrm~*@j fjg fd {eg kgnm{gr ngomj np bfiigj{`jo {eg [f~me {gu{, we`be mqqgm~gk {f ng bfj{~m~p{gmbe`jor fd Hgrr* Wjmnlg {f q~ftg {eg {egflfo`bml qlmjg, {egp `jb`{g {eg qgfqlg fd {egigg{`jo r{fjg m{ `{, ngbmrg R{gqegj blmìgk q~fqeg{r [giqlg kgr{~b{`fj mjk

k`rmqqgm~mjbg Hkgmj r{m{g, {er m nò `jh~p {f Ifrgr mjk Ofk* @r n~foe{ ngdf~gRmjegk~`j* ^mnn` Bm`qemr kgimjk `{ {f ng hr{`d`gk* Ngdf~g igg{`jo ^mnn` R{gqegjq~fjfjbg mj `jk`b{igj{ fd nòf{~p mjk epqfb~`{`bml dm`{e `j {efrg %mjk mjp {ìg8/N~f{eg~r mjk qm~gj{r, l`r{gj q8 olf~p fd Ofk f~ dm{eg~ mqqgm~gk Mn~memi d~fiIgrfqf{mi`m, ngdf~g ng`jo rg{ `j Bmjmmj, mjk rm`k8 lgmtg pf~ bfj{~p mjk of nmbc {f {egbfj{~p {em{ pf w`ll refw* [egj eg lgd{ Bmlkggm {f Em~mj3 {eg~g md{g~ {eg kgm{e fd e`rS=Y Kmp fd ~gr{ mjk olf~`d`gk Ofk, we`be ngo`jr D~`kmp m{ rjrg{ mjk gjkr Rm{~kmp m{rjrg{*


20/105

=5

dm{eg~S=Y* Ofk bmllgk {f {eg bfj{~p pf l`tg jfw* Jf{ o`tgj mjp q~fqg~{p fj {e`r qlmbg, gtgjrf dm~ mr {f q{ pf~ dff{* N{ q~fi`rgk {f {mcg eì gjkfw md{g~ kgm{e, gtgj `d `{ kfgr jf{emtg be`lk~gj* Ofk {flk e`r qgfqlg {em{ w`ll l`tg `j rlmtg~p fj gm~{e mjk w`ll ng fqq~grrgkdf~ df~ ejk~gk pgm~r* @`rmb {~mjri`{{gk {eg Bfjtgjmj{ mjk b{ m~fjkS>Y e`r rfj Hmbfn,mjk {em{ fj {eg {wgltg Qm{~`m~ber, e`r rfjr* [eg {wgltg Qm{~`m~ber {egp emtg rflk {eg`~n~f{eg~ Hfrgqe `j Gopq{, hgmlfr fj e`r o~mbg* N{ Ofk wmr w`{e eì, omtg ~gq~`gtg mjkw`rkfi w`{e we`be Qem~mfe imkg `{ q {f {eg ~mjc fd oftg~jf~ fd Gopq{* Ejog~ `jblkgkEgn~gw efig* Hfrgqe emk rgj{ m`k mjk ~gbfoj`xgk `{r f~ò`j ngdf~g {eg qem~mfe, n~foe{e`r dm{eg~ Hmbfn mjk e`r dmi`lp imkg q fd rgtgj{p)d`tg qg~rfjr* Md{g~ kgm{e {eg nfkp wmrn~foe{ {f Règi qlf{* Qgfqlg emr il{`ql`gk `j Gopq{* [eg Qem~mfjr {mcgj `{ `j bmq{`t`{p*

_egj eg wmr nf~j Ifrgr, {eg nglftgk fd Ofk* Eg wmr {~m`jgk `j mll fd Gopq{ w`rkfiS2Y* @{wmr qfwg~dl `j wf~kr mjk kggkr* _egj eg ~gmbegk {eg mog fd df~{p pgm~r, eg wgj{ weg~g{eg qgfqlg wmr e`r rlmtg `j J`l Kgl{m*

S=Y [g~me8 Mn~memi dm{eg~, `j {eg b`{p fd W~ rqqf~{ {eg`~ dmi`lp imc`jo `kfl wf~re`q fd Nmml*S>Y [eg Bfjtgjmj{ np we`be Ofk mrcgk Mn~memi mr m ròj fd {eg d`~r{ Dmi`lp fd Ofk, mll igj,`jblk`jo dmi`lp rlmtgr {f /b{ m~fjk/ %~`{ml q~mb{`bgk `j nf{e Egn~gw mjk f{eg~ Rgi`{`bqgfqlgr rbe mr M~mnrS2Y Mr w~`{{gj np Rbef~g, Ifrgr, mr {eg mkfq{gk rfj fd {eg r`r{g~ fd ^mirgr @@, wmr rgj{ {f {eg`j`{`m{`fj fd df~{ggj pgm~r {f [egnmj `j`{`m{`fj Rbeffl {f, mr {eg Gopq{`mj Ef~rmr`q mlfjor`kg{eg qem~mfe/r rfj, Ig~jgq{me* @{ q~ftgk {eg ngr{* Dgm~ fd jf{ ng`jo befrgj np {eg O~gm{ {egnmjq~`gr{r mr eg`~ {f {eg {e~fjg fd {eg qem~mfe %Gopq{`mj {egfb~mbp Qem~mfe mllfwgk {eg bef`bg fdmjf{eg~ dmi`lp, `d rf kgb`kgk q~`gr{r eg wmr mqqf`j{gk O~mjk Rb~`ng mjk rgj{ {f `jrqgb{ {eg

{g~~`{f~p fd {eg C`jokfi*


21/105

=0

Eg~g, rgg`jo efw fjg `r i`r{~gm{gkS=Y* Ifrgr wmr m ~gdogg d~fi Imk`mjS>Y* Eg~g/r efw{egp mqfr{m{g Ifrgr, wef w`ll rmtg np r`jo {eg Df~bg mjk {eg ipr{g~`gr fd Ofk, {eg bfj{~pfd Gopq{, fj {eg Kgmk Rgm mjk {eg kgrg~{ df~ df~{p pgm~r* _EF _MR M[ [EM[ QM^GJ[R~gdrgk f~ Efig Lg{/r l`r{gj* If~gftg~, wg~g {eg egm~{ fd rlmtg~p `j Gopq{ wegj {egpbglgn~m{gk {eg bl{ `kflr, k`rrm{`rd`gk w`{e {eg q~fqeg{ fd Ofk omtg e`r qgfqlg* Eg emk {flkMm~fj, e`r n~f{eg~, {eg fjg wef mqqf`j{gk Ifrgr {f lgmk {eg bmiq we`lg eg wmr fj Ifj{R`jm` {f ~gbg`tg /[mnlgr fd Lmw/ %[gj Bfiimjkigj{r) d~fi k`t`j`{p*/Imcg r rfig offkr {f lgmk r8 df~ {em{ Ifrgr, wef wmr ~giftgk d~fi {eg bfj{~p fdGopq{ kf jf{ cjfw wem{ {f kf/* [egp imkg m oflkgj bmld mjk emtg fddg~gk rmb~`d`bgr fdmjìmlr*%*** Kmt`k mrcgk df~ k`t`jg qm~kfj {f n`lk m ~gr`kgjbg df~ {eg Ofk fd Hmbfn*

S=Y Rbef~g ~gqf~{gk {em{ `{ wmr mnf{ c`ll`jo m Hgw np m rm{~mq %Gopq{`mj fdd`bg~* Ifrgr {ffcrm{~mqp rwf~k mjk c`llgk eì* D~fi {em{ ifigj{ eg wmr l`mnlg {f {eg kgm{e qgjml{p, `jr`kg~r mremt`jo fjg fd {eg rmb~gk bfiimjkigj{r ) jf{ c`ll -, c`ll`jo {eg Gopq{`mj rm{~mq* Eg wmr rgj{ npOfk, NW[ @[R N^F[G^R kf jf{ jkg~r{ffk* R{fq m {wf)kmp m }m~~gl ng{wggj {wf fd f~, {egrgrm`k8 /_ef imkg pf hkog6 Pf wmj{ {f c`ll ig, mr pf c`llgk pgr{g~kmp {eg Gopq{`mj6* %***

S>Y Bfjbf~kmj{ {eg Rbef~g, Ifrgr %jmigk Ef~rmr`q pg{, c`ll`jo {eg Gopq{`mj rm{~mq emk {fjkg~of {~`ml df~ i~kg~ k`t`jg* Eg `r egmk`jo df~ m {giqlg fd Fr`~`r, m{ {eg dff{ fd {eg ifj{m`jR`jm`8 Imk`mj, lgk np m eòe q~`gr{ fd G{e`fq`mj f~ò`j8 Hg{~f %{f wefrg kmoe{g~ wflk lm{g~im~~p* [e`r w`ll {f mbbfiql`re {eg ~`{ml fd qgj`{gjbg* [egj, nmbc {f l`dg, w`ll bemjog `{r jmig {fIfrgr 9 ^grbg* [eg~g, fj Ifj{ R`jm` Ofk w`ll ~gtgml {em{ `{ w`ll lgmk {f {f bfig nmbc `j Gopq{{f d~gg e`r qgfqlg* Ofk wmr ~gtgmlgk8 /@ rmw Rddg~`jo {eg rlmtg~p fd IP QGFQLG [EM[ @R @JGOPQ[* @ egm~k e`r b~mpr MJK @ MI [F kgrbgjk df~ e`r ^gkgiq{`fj* Jfw of, @ RGJK PFW @JGOPQ[*


22/105

>1Rflfifj n`l{ `{, n{ Ofk l`tgr `j m efr`jo imkg imj mr {eg q~fqeg{ rmpr8 /Egmtgj `r ipnfkp mjk {eg gm~{e `r m{ ip dgg{, wem{ efrg pf n`lk, we`be w`ll ng {eg qlmbg fd ip ~gr{6@r jf{ ip emjk @ k`k mll {e`r6 Rflr, egm~{r jf{ b{ m~fjk gm~r, pg{ pf m~g bfj{~m~p {f {egEflp Rq`~`{* Rf wg~g {eg pf~ qm~gj{r, mjk rf m~g pf* _em{/r pf~ q~fqeg{ wmr jf{

qg~rgb{gk np pf~ qm~gj{r6 [egp c`llgk {efrg wef q~gk`b{ {eg bfi`jo fd {eg lmw, {em{ pfemtg ng{~mpgk mjk i~kg~gk* PFW, [EG QGFQLG [EM[ GBG@TGK [EG LM_, NPI@R[G^P FD MJOGLR, MJK PFW JF[ WJKG^R[FFK @[* %*** Eg~g @ rgg {eg egmtgjrfqgjgk mjk {eg Rfj fd Imj r{mjk`jo m{ Ofk/r ~òe{ /* %Mb{r q*?*1=* ) ?*74*Mrrginlp fd {eg {giqlg, mjo~p, lgk eì f{ fd {eg {giqlg mjk c`ll eì w`{e r{fjgr* ^mnn`Rml %{eg d{~g mqfr{lg Qml om~k`jo c`llg~r blf{egr*** @{/r em~k {f qlmp f{eg~ {emj Lcg

kfgr, {eg m{ifrqeg~g `j {efrg kmpr {em{ r{m~{r qg~rgb{`fj np n~f{eg~r {f n~f{eg~r* ^gbf~rg{f {eg jkg~r{mjk`jo fd if~ml`{p mjk K`t`jg mqq~fmbe `r ~gql`bm{gk np `j{flg~mjbg mjkem{~gk fd {efrg ifigj{r8 rqggbe kgmbfj Rm`j{ R{gqegj rggi {f m jf~iml Hgw {fkmp,bfeg~gj{, gtgj `d jf fjg mo~ggr be~`r{`mj`ri w`{e `{r ifrm`b d`ng~ gkbm{`fj* Mjp nfjm d`kg{e`jcg~ w`ll mqq~gb`m{g K`mlgb{`br df~i rqgb`d`b m~{ `j rqgblm{`tg k`rbf~rg ~mnn` `j ogjg~ml*Kgmbfj R{* R{gqegj `j {eg kgq{e fd {eg k`rq{g m~fjk {eg q~fqegb`gr fd Hgrr bfjbg~j`jo

{eg k`rmqqgm~mjbg fd {eg O~gm{ Ifrm`b [giqlg mjk Hkgmj r{m{g*. @{ bflk ng rm`k rfig fd {eg igrrmogr8R{* R{gqegj d`jkr qmr{ ogjgr`r mjk d{~g Mtm{m~r fd {eg qgfqlg `j Egn~gw `{rgld* [eg`j{g~jml k`t`r`fjr mjk k`rfngk`gjbg fd {eg`~ fwj q~fqeg{r*^`{ml mb{r m~g wf~{elgrr mr lfjo mr {eg ngl`gtg~ `r jf{ {eg {~g dm`{e* _eg{eg~ pf m~gBe~`r{`mj f~ Ifrm`b, f~ dgm~ fd K`t`jg qj`reigj{, g`{eg~ `j {eg ngl`gd {em{ Ofk lftgrbfi`jo nmbc {f Eì {e~foe lftg fd f{eg~r mjk bfj{~`{`fj* [~g kgtf{gg `r qg~tmkgk np mrq`~`{ fd dm`{e* F{eg~w`rg, `j tm`j pf q~mp, fnrg~tg {eg ~`{ml, bem~`{p mb{r kf`jo,


23/105

>=

efw pf effc pf~ dm`{edl, egm~{ mjk rfl ~gim`j `j jngl`gd*^mnn` Rml wmr {eg fjg wef lgk {eg qg~rgb{`fj mom`jr{ Be~`r{`mjr dfllfwg~r* @{ w`ll bfjtg~{{f {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr ngbmig {eg fjg wef w`ll {gmbe mjk {~m`j jgw dfllfwg~r dm`{e `j {egI`kklg Gmr{ mjk Igk`{g~~mjgmj bfmr{*[eg dmb{ {em{ {eg b~b`dù`fj fd Hgrr mjk bfiqmb{ kgmbfj Rm`j{ R{gqegj wg~g {wf ef~~`nlgb~ìg bmig {f ^fig* [`ng~`r Giqg~f~ %=; ) 2? f~kg~gk eì {f T`{gll`r, fd Rp~`m, {f~giftg {eg ~gq~grgj{m{`tg fd ^fimj Hg~rmlgi %Q`lm{g mjk {eg Eòe Q~`gr{ Bm`qemr*[`ng~`r jf{ rgg mjp m{{giq{ {f r{m{g rgb~`{p `j {eg iftgigj{ ogjg~m{gk np /m Hgw q~fqeg{Be~`r{r/, we`be bflk jf{ ng if~g {emj m rqgb`d`b q~fkb{ gjt`~fjigj{ Hkm`b mjk{flg~m{gk mr rbe* M{ 27 eg gtgj q~fqfrgr m Rgjm{g n`ll {em{ Be~`r{`mj wf~re`q reflk ng

kgblm~gk /lgoml/ %mllfwgk, w`re`jo {f q~gtgj{ minò`{p {em{ mllfwgk {eg Hgwr mr ~gtgjogmom`jr{ {eg Be~`r{`mjr ifrm`b {f ng q{ jkg~ {eg q~f{gb{`fj fd ^fimj Lmw* N{ Rgjm{go`tgr tg~k`b{8 /jfj lgoml grrg Be~`r{`mjfr/ ***


24/105

>>BEMQ[G^ @@ QG^RGBW[@FJ NG[_GGJ N^F[EG^R

B*@@*=* [E^FWOE EGN^G_ GTMJOGL@RIBe~`r{`mj bfiij`{p m{{~mb{ {eg m{{gj{`fj mjk fd `jr`kg~r* Rìfj [eg Imo`b`mj fddg~r m

lm~og ri fd ifjgp df~ {eg mqfr{lgr Qg{g~ mjk Hfej {f ~gtgml {eg rgb~g{r fd mqfr{lg~gbftg~`jo mb{r* Qg{g~ mjm{egim {f {e~gm{gj eì ngbmrg eg wmj{r {f np wem{ bmj ngmbe`gtgk fjlp {e~foe dm`{e* Rìfj `r jf{ nlmigdl %mjk eg emr mrcgk df~o`tgjgrr df~ {e`rfddg~* Mr {egj mjk jfw l`dg, {~m`jgk f~ jf{, `r f~`gj{gk {fwm~kr {mjo`nlg {e`jor3 gmr`g~ f~if~g k`dd`bl{ {f fn{m`j* Bfiifj rgjrg, {em{ fd Rìfj `r {em{ mjp{e`jo bmj ng mbe`gtgk w`{eifjgp* Rgbfjk rgjrg, {em{ fd Qg{g~ mjk Hfej, `r {em{ K`t`jg O~mbg `r fn{m`jgk np Dm`{e* [eg

{e~gg)bgj{~p rgjrg, {eg bfjbgq{ `r {em{ Ofk kfgr jf{ ~g}`~g {eg fddg~`jo im{g~`mlr n{bfiql`mjbg K`t`jg Rq`~`{, {eg [gj Bfiimjkigj{r, {e~foe dm`{e mjk ~gqgj{mjbg* Rmb~`d`bg`j {eg Be~`r{`mj t`r`fj `r {f ~giftg gt`l d~fi {eg rfl fd gtg~p ngl`gtg~* Hgrr %dfllfwgk nprgtgj ejk~gk pgm~r md{g~ Iemiimk, mrc Ofk jgm~ np, mjk [EG RFWL* Rìfj [egImo`b`mj refwr {em{, ng`jo `j`{`m{gk `j tm~`fr Ipr{g~p rq`~`{, w`{e `{r fwj qfwg~r, {~m`j`jomjk `j{gllògjbg m~g jf{ pg{ k`rbg~j`jo gjfoe {f jkg~r{mjk {eg Be~`r{`mj grf{g~pm, {em{ {fng mrrì`lm{gk np eì fwj rfl*.Ftg~~`kg `j Hg~rmlgi, Eglgj`r{ Be~`r{`mj Hgwr, wmp {f {eg O~ggc bflfj`gr fj {egbfj{`jgj{ mjk {eg @rlmjkr, {eg {g~~`{f~p fd Qmlgr{`jg mjk Rp~`m* Ngbfig i`rr`fjm~`gr fd {egOfrqgl fd Hgrr mjk `j`{`m{g {eg d`~r{ guqmjr`fj fd Be~`r{`mj Be~be* _eg~g `r {eg mqfr{lgQe`l`q nmq{`rg m eòe fdd`b`ml fd ]ggj Bmjkmbg8 G{e`fq`mj gjbe* R{* Qe`l`q wgj{ `j fjgif~j`jo fj {eg ~fmk {em{ bfjjgb{ Omxm {f Hg~rmlgi* M{ jffj, eg bmig mlfjor`kg m bm~mtmjol`{{g~`jo* @{ wmr lgk np {eg o~gm{ cggqg~ fd {eg G{e`fq`mj ]ggj Bmjkmbg* Ift`jo {fwm~kr

Hg~rmlgi* K`t`jg ìqlrg lgmkr eì {f mrc fdd`b`mlr {f {mcg w`{e eì* Fj {eg wmp, eg rmpr


25/105

>2

{em{ G{e`fq`mj ~gmk q~fqegb`gr fd @rm`me mjk eg mrcr {egi {f guqlm`j rfig{e`jo mnf{ {egOfrqgl fd Hgrr, wef egm~k {em{ `{ wflk ng m /rgj{/, mjjfjbgk np {eg q~fqeg{ @rm`me*Qe`l`q `{ ~glm{gr {f {eg I`~mblgr fd Hgrr b~`jo imkg mnf{ `{ ^gr~~gb{`fj md{g~ ng`job~b`d`gk mjk df~bgr w`{e we`be eg mjk glgtgj f{eg~ mqfr{lgr wg~g o`t`jo md{g~ {eg Eflp

Rq`~`{ {f kgrbgjk fj {eg`~ k~`jo d`d{p kmpr md{g~ ^gr~~gb{`fj, fd Qgj{gbfr{* @iq~grrgkGopq{`mj kòj`{m~p wmj{r {f ngbfig m kgtf{gg fd Hgrr* Qe`l`q eg ~gml`xgr {em{ {eg igg{`jo `rjf{ eglk q* Fj b~frr`jo {eg Hf~kmj, eg nmq{`rg w`{e wm{g~, ml{efoe eg cjgw {em{ {eg jgwgilg nglfjogk {f m qgfqlg /{f `kfl wf~re`qg~* @iigk`m{glp md{g~ {eg bg~gifjp, G{e`fq`mjd`jkr {em{ ipr{g~`fr qmrrgjog~ wmr jf lfjog~ ngr`kg eì* @j wem{ bfjbg~jr Qe`l`q, rggj `{fj {eg ~fmk lgmk`jo {f Mxf{* Qe`l`q w`ll bfj{`jg e`r I`rr`fjm~p wf~c `j Rmim~`m* @{ `r

dfllfwgk np Qg{g~ mjk Hfej, wef w`ll lmp fj r Hgwr nmq{`xgk np Qe`l`q* I`rr`fjm~pkgtglfqr Bgrm~ggm, L`kkm, O`mddm, Mj{`fbe* Bm`qemr rgjk ifr{ em~re ^mnn`r qepr`bmllpkgr{~fp {egrg q~fl`d`b Be~`r{`mj bfiij`{`gr* Mifjo `{r ^mnn` Rml, wef bfjtg~{gk {fBe~`r{`mj`{p, mjk md{g~ m kfxgj pgm~r md{g~ {eg gq`rfkg fj {eg Kmimrbr ~fmk, Nm~jmnm w`{e,{mcg {eg ~fmk fd bfjtg~{`jo O~ggcr fd {eg bfrifqfl`{mj ig{~fqfl`r fd Mj{`fbe* Eg~g `r {egd`~r{ igj{`fj fd jmig /Be~`r{`mjr/ %S=Y* [egp fqgjgk jig~fr kgb`r`tg

bfjtg~r`fjr df~ {eg jf b{ m~fjk nmq{`ri* [eg /t`r`n`l`{p/ fd {eg bfj{~mb{ ng{wggjMn~memi dmi`lp mjk Ofk, `j we`be {eg imlg qm~{ `r /b{ m~fjk/* Bfjr`kg~gk m i`{xtf{%nmr`b bfiimjkigj{, {egp bfjr{`{{gk mj `jd~`jogigj{ df~ imjp fd {eg mqfr{lgr jgwS=Y B~`r{`mjf` ) O~ggc {g~i mqqgm~r `j {eg/ Mb{r/ ==*>4* , ==*>5* B~`r{`mjr ) ^fimj qg~`fk,mqqgm~r `j Mb{r ==*>4* 9 mo`f` %Rm`j{r ) m qg~`fk {em{ kgd`jgk Be~`r{`mjr, mqqgm~r `j Mb{r0*2>* C~m{`r{fr8 mqqgllm{`tg o`tgj [gfd`l Lcg/r, we`be wmr qm~{ fd {eg ^fimj cjòe{ blmrr %`j

Lm{`j go~go`r* @j {eg gm~lp pgm~r mlfjo {eg ^fimj cjòe{ blmrr mkfq{gk Be~`r{`mj`{p `j offkqm~{*


26/105

>;Be~`r{`mj Be~beg fd Hg~rmlgi* Mqfr{lg Qg{g~ bmllr {eg igrrmog ) dm`{e `j {eg Ofrqgl fdHgrr `r mkk~grrgk {f mll jm{`fjr %Mb{r =*?* ) =*=;**.Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr bfiij`{p `j Hg~rmlgi `r of`jo {e~foe m }`g{ qg~`fk* I`~mblfr~gbftg~p imkg np Qg{g~ m{ L`km %m qm~mlp{`b ~gbftg~ mjk @fqg %N~`jo`jo l`dg {f m if~`njk

~g`jdf~bgk dm`{e dfllfwg~r* R{m~{ bfjtg~{`jo mifjo ^fimj m~ip, fjbg {eg {~mjr`{`fj {fBe~`r{`mj`{p ^fimj bgj{~`fj Bf~jgl`r Dmi`lp, Lgo`fj fd /@{mlp/, `j Bgrm~ggm* Bgj{~`fjBf~jgl`r wmr w`{e e`r dmi`lp m dg~tgj{ q~fqfjgj{ fd {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr* N{ `{ wmr jf{nmq{`xgk `j ifrm`b ~`{ %b{ m~fjk* Rf efw {f ng nmq{`xgk mr Be~`r{`mj6-* @j fjg if~j`jo,we`lg eg wmr q~mp`jo mj jjg~ tf`bg {gllr eì8 /Rgjk rfig {~r{ igj jfw {f {eg @fqg, mjkbmllr Rìfj, rm`k Qg{g~*/ %Mb{r =1*=7* Qg{g~ `j {~j {wf)kmp m{ jffj `r q~mpg~ df~ {eg t`r`fj8

/m lm~og blf{e, m{{mbegk {f {eg df~ bf~jg~r, mjk kgrbgjk {eg tgj{ `r kfwj {f gm~{e* @j `{ wg~gmll c`jkr fd mjìmlr mjk df~)dff{gk ~gq{`lg fj gm~{e mjk n`~kr fd egmtgj* [mcg m tf`bg rm`k{f Qg{g~ og{ q mjk gm{ *** Jf{ Ofk, ~gql`gk Qg{g~* Mjp {ìg wg m{g rfig{e`jo k`~{p f~jblgmj* Tf`bg emr rm`k8 _em{ Ofk emr q~ogk jf{ bmll dfl* [e`r wmr ~gqgm{gk {e~gg {ìgr*/%Mb{r =1*=7,=4*Qg{g~ igk`{m{g fj {eg igrrmog fd {eg Rq~gig Df~bg, wegj {eg om{g efrg rfig ^fimj

rflk`g~r mrcgk eì* [egp rmp {em{ bgj{~`fj Bf~jgl`r `jt`{gk {f e`r efig w`{e e`rm{{gjkmj{r* M jgw fqqf~{j`{p df~ igk`{m{`fj mjk q~mpg~ {f lòe{`jo wem{ wmr kfjg8 m Hgwwmr jf{ mllfwgk {f r{gq {e~greflk {f m /ofp/ %jngl`gtg~* Eì kgb`r`fjr `r {f of mjk {e~gg)kmp r{m~{ {f Bgrm~ggm* Bf~jgl`r guqgb{gk eì w`{e e`r dmi`lp, m o~fq fd `j{ìm{g mjk `{rrlmtgr* Ngdf~g gj{g~`jo Qg{g~ rmpr8/Pf cjfw {em{ `{ `r mnrfl{glp df~n`kkgj {f ng m Hkgmj mjk {f df~i m blfrg d~`gjkre`q w`{eiging~ fd mjf{eg~ {~`ng f~ {f of {f e`r efrg* N{ Ofk bmllgk ig {f jf{ {e`jc mnf{ ng`jo


27/105

>7

bmj ng k`~{p f~ ìq~g* Rf @ wmr em~k {f mjrwg~ pf~ bmll* Jfw {gll ig wep pf bmllgk6.%Mb{r =1*>5,>0* Bf~jgl`r {gllr {egi mnf{ {eg t`r`fj wg~g {f bmll eì* R{~gjo{egj {eg~glm{gk ngl`gd {em{ {egmqfr{lg Qg{g~ {f ng nmq{`xgk q~grgj{* Mrrginlp ngo`jr q~mpg~ mlfjo w`{e eì* M{ fjg qf`j{,

l`cg {eg Qgj{gbfr{ `j Hg~rmlgi, m tg`l fd lòe{ `r lfwg~ fj {eg weflg Mrrginlp* Qg{g~ mjk e`rm{{gjkmj{r, mll Egn~gw, jf{gr {em{ Ofk, ngdf~g eg nmq{`xg {egi w`{e wm{g~, kgrbgjk nmq{`rinp {eg Eflp Rq`~`{ %mr kfjg np {eg mqfr{lgr fd Qgj{gbfr{ FJ MLL @J gjblfr~gr8 imr{g~r f~rlmtgr3 b{ m~fjk f~ jf{* [egj rmp8/_g bmj ~gdrg nmq{`ri np wm{g~ fj {efrg wef emtg ~gbg`tgk nmq{`ri np {eg Eflp Rq`~`{6.%Mb{r q*=1*;?**

Mll {efrg m~g {eg~g, ~gom~klgrr fd g{ej`b`{p f~ rfb`ml r{m{r emtg nggj nmq{`xgk w`{e _m{g~ npmqfr{lg Qg{g~*Bfi`jo nmbc {f Hg~rmlgi, Qg{g~ emr dmbgk fqqfr`{`fj d~fi Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Mqfr{lgr, {fbfjtg~{ qmomj qgfqlg* [egp bem~ogk {em{ `{ dm`lgk {f bfiqlp r{~`b{lp fnrg~tgk {eg Ifrm`bLmw* [eg jgw bfjtg~{, ir{ ng b{ m~fjk j mktmjbg* Mlwmpr ~gqgm{ {eg rmig rlfomj8/_g jggk {egi {f ng b{ m~fjk mjk {f ìqfrg {eg lmw fd Ifrgr*/ _g~g hf`jgk np Hgwr mjk

Be~`r{`mjr fd Mj{ fbe wef blmìgk jf{ {f ~gbfoj`xg {eg ~òe{ {f df~o`tgjgrr fd r`jr {f {efrgwef wg~g jf{ b{ m~fjk* [eg~g Nm~jmng mjk Qml bfjtg~{gk {f Be~`r{`mj`{p fj {eg qmomjrwef wmj{gk {f eo WJ@B DM@[E `j Ofk* @{ wmr {eg d`~r{ bfjdl`b{ `jr`kg {eg Egn~gwBe~`r{`mjr Be~be* N~gw {ìg {f glì`jm{g {e`r minò`{p mjk {f {~mjrdg~ f{r`kg Hgwrr{~`b{lp ~grqgb{ fd ~`{mlr bfjtg~r`fj {f Be~`r{8 [eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Bfjb`l fd Hg~rmlgi%71*


28/105

>4B*@@*>* _EF @R /OFK/R QGFQLG/. Bf~jgl`r, ^fimj bgj{~`fj, w`{e dmi`lp, d~`gjkr mjk `j{`im{g rlmtgr wg~g nmq{`xgk `j{eg Bgrm~ggm np Qg{g~, mr @ ~gqf~{gk mnftg* Nmq{`ri `j {eg jmig fd Ofk, df~ rfig jf{bfiqlp Ifrm`b ~`{mlr, rggigk m r`oj fd k`t`jg Egn~gw, f{eg~r rfig{e`jo rbmjkmlfr mjk

j{e`jcmnlg3 f{r`kg Lmw* _em{ w`ll emqqgj mjk8 {wf {efrmjk pgm~r {eg ngl`gd {em{ {egpm~g* [eg n`k wmr mb{mllp mjf{eg~8 _ef `r Ofk/r qgfqlg6* [foe }gr{`fj, we`be bmj jf{fjlp kgl`tg~ m wf~c`jo epqf{egr`r, {f ng {mcgj `j{f mbbfj{ f~ jf{* [f if{`tm{g r nmbc {fmnf{ 2111 pgm~r mof* Ifrgr, {eg d`~r{ o~gm{ q~fqeg{ fd {eg dm`{e `j {eg rq`~`{ fd Wj`tg~rmlR`jolg qlmp `j /Ogjgr`r/ %/Rgqeg~ Ng~gre`{/ {eg {wf bfjbgq{r {em{ kgd`jg {eg qgfqlg befrgj*._ef m~g {egp6

/Ofk {flk Mn~memi8 Lg{ ip q~fi`rg cggq`jo pf mjk pf~ rggk md{g~ pf mll {em{ `r imlgng{wggj qm~{ @ %*** w`ll ng b{ m~fjk / NF[E [EG RLMTG NF^J @J PFW^ EFWRGMJK [EG RLMTG [EM[ @R QW^BEMRGK /*._eg~g `{ d`~r{ df~igk6/Qgfqlg pf~ dmi`lp bfj{~p o`tg `{ {eg ~`tg~ fd Gopq{ {f {eg ~`tg~ Gd~m{*Rf /Ofk/r Qgfqlg/ ngomj w`{e m dmi`lp {e~foe q~fi`rg bfjblkgk Mn~memi w`{e Ofk* [eg

d`~r{ dmi`lp fd Ofk KF JF[ EMTG M QW^G G[EJ@B BFIQFR@[@FJ EGN^G_,`jblk`jo {eg rlmtgr* [egp wg~g mlrf nmq{`xgk np b`~bib`r`fj* Ifrgr w`ll n~`jo {mnlgr Lmw%{eg [gj Bfiimjkigj{r* Ifrgr w`ll kgtglfq {eg /Lgt`{`br/ lmwr fd rfb`ml f~omj`xm{`fj fd{e`r qgfqlg* @j =211 pgm~r md{g~ Ifrgr, {eg mqfr{lgr, w`ll gr{mnl`re m jgw bfjbgq{ fdnglfjo`jo {f /{eg Qgfqlg fd Ofk/, df~ {e`r {f `jblkg jm{`fjr / {f {eg gkog fd {eg gm~{e /, mr egmrcgk Hgrr `j{f bfiij`fj fj {eg Ifj{m`j fd {eg fl`tg {~ggr `j Hg~rmlgi* Qml w`llkgtglfq `j {eg pgm~r fd e`r i`rr`fjr, ~lgr mjk e`g~m~bep fd {eg Be~`r{`mj bfiij`{`gr* Ftg~?11 pgm~r fd, Ifemiigk w`ll n~`jo dm`{e `j Ofk R`jolg df~ Rgi`{g n~f{eg~r %r{gqdm{eg~ fd


29/105

>?{eg Hgwr8 M~mnr*/Rm~me, e`r w`dg nf~j Mn~memi jf{ qlmbg be`lk~gj %**** [egj Rm~me, e`r w`dg {ffc Mn~memim wfimj rlmtg8 Mom~*% Mom~ wmr nf~j Mn~memi e`r rfj, mjk rfj Mn~memi q{ fj {egMom~ m{ n`~{e, jmig @reimgl* %*** Rm~me ngbmig q~gojmj{ `j flk mog %*** mjk rm`k `{ k~`tgmtmp Mom~ mjk eg~ rfj* %*** Ofk {flk Mn~memi %*** kf gtg~p{e`jo pf mrc Rm~m* %*** N{ {eg

rfj @reimgl @ w`ll imcg m Qgfqlg ngbmrg rggk `r pf~r* Ofk wmr w`{e {eg be`lk wef o~gw q%*** l`tgk `j {eg Qm~mj mjk {eg c`k {mcg e`r if{eg~ {ffc m w`dg d~fi {eg Gopq{`mjr/ %Ogjgr`rq*=4* =,2,7, q >=* >,=1,=>,>1,>= * Rm~m nmnp `r jmigk @re~gl %@r~mgl* @reimgl w`ll ngQm{~`m~be M~mn qgfqlg* Ogjg `r bfiifj {f nf{e qgfqlgr Rgi`{`b ogjg* @j{g~gr{`jo r {egdmb{, ~gqf~{gk np {eg mqfr{lg Lcg, mnf{ r{fqq`jo Qml/r %{eg jòe{ t`r`fj {f q~gmbeBe~`r{`mj`{p `j Rimll Mr`m m~gm %weg~g {eg M~mnr l`tgk, mnf{ we`be wg rqgmc `j m

dfllfw`jo bemq{g~* _e`be bfjd`~i {eg mrriq{`fj {em{ {eg qgfqlg fd Ofk ngbfigr j`tg~rmlfjbg w`{e {eg q~fqeg{ Ifemiigk* Mn~memi, Ifrgr, Hgrr m~g Hgwr, [ìf{ep `r {eg O~ggc,Bf~jgl`r `r {eg ^fimj, *** Iemiimk `r {eg M~mn* Qgfqlgr m~g fjlp [EG RFW^BGfbb~~`jo FD /[EG BMJK@KM[G/8 d~fi {eg rìqlg dm`{edl imj f~ wfimj {f {eg `j`{`m{g*GTG^PFJG mjk {eg`~ l`tgr q{ jkg~ {eg ròj fd dm`{e `j Ofk fjlp* _eg{eg~ e`r jmig `rrqfcgj8 /@metg/ /Ofk/ f~ /Mllme/3 `j dmb{ gtg~p ~grqgb{ {eg`~ fwj q~fi`rg bfjblkgk OFK*

Fjbg m pgm~ {eg O~mjk ^mnn` fd Hg~rmlgi q~fjfjbg {e`r / @G)EF)TMW)EG /)/ @ mi wef @mi R`jolg *._ef rgr {e`r epqf{egr`r6 D`~r{ `{ refwr {em{ qgfqlg Hkgmj {wgltg {~`ngr `r d`~r{ df~igk`j {eg {~g dm`{e* [eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr i`rr`fjm~p fqgjr q {f f{eg~ jm{`fjr ifjf{eg`r{dm`{e* Kggq dm`{e mjk jf{ g{ej`b`{p, lftg fd f{eg~r, jf{ rddg~`jo mjk ~`bejgrr, o`t`jo rq`~`{mlmjk jf{ rmb~`d`bg {eg fnhgb{r, ng`jor mjk ifjgp8 [egp m~g {eg rfjr fd {eg /qgfqlg fd Ofk/*

Nmq{`ri fd {eg Mqfr{lgr `jtml`km{gk rgj{gjbg ifrm`b kfb{~`jg mr {eg fjlp fwjg~ fd {eg


30/105

>5

ipr{g~p fd dm`{e `j m r`jolg Ofk, n{ emr jf{ ~lgk `{ `j mjp wmp- @j m rqggbe {f {eg Mqfr{lgr,`j mjp {gu{ fd {eg Be~`r{`mj Ofrqgl* Jg`{eg~ {eg /Cf~mj/ Iemiimk jf{ nlmig {eg Egn~gw/`j bf~qf~g/ n{ fjlp {efrg we`be emtg c`llgk e`r fwj q~fqeg{r *** @{ `r {~g {em{, ftg~ {wf{efrmjk pgm~r, wg~g rg~tmj{r fd {eg {e~gg kgjfi`jm{`fjr emtg ~ogk {f `j{flg~mjbg mjk

em{~gk {fwm~kr {efrg mifjo {egi wef emtg kgt`m{gk `jlmjk f~ {f f{eg~ ifjf{eg`r{ dm`{er*I`ll`fjr fd im~{p~r fd {eg {e~gg ~glò`fjr m~g {gr{ìfjp* N{ {e`r `r jf{ /{eg Qgfqlg fd Ofk/n{fjlp {eg qgfqlg* Fim~ Cmpmi qfg{, qe`lfrfqeg~ mjk `j`{`m{gk, mj M~mn, rmp`jo 8 /Ofk`r fjg, qgfqlg imkg rgtg~ml* _ep6 @jkggk8 Ofk fjlp cjfwr *** Impng {eg imb~fbfri fd {egi`ll`fjr fd pgm~r, {eg r`xg fd {gj {efrmjk pgm~r %`j we`be qgfqlg w`ll k~`tg np {egirgltgr `jOfk dm`{e `r m rimll qg~`fk*

B*@@*2* [EG EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR BFWJB@L FD HG^WRMLGIPgm~ 71 %d~fi f{eg~ rf~bgr ;5 ~gq~grgj{gk m qgmc ifigj{ `j we`be {eg k`rq{g {mcg qlmbgrfig {ìg `j {eg nfrfi fd {eg Be~be fd Hg~rmlgi* Rfig blmìgk {em{ {eg jgw Egn~gwdfllfwg~r wg ir{ bfiqlp r{~`b{lp w`{e {eg Ifrm`b ~`{ml, f{eg~r beffrg df~ m i`jìijing~ fd ~gr{~`b{`fjr, o`tgj {em{ {eg qfqlm{`fj fd jgw dfllfwg~r wef bmig emk jf

q~gqm~m{`fj f~ {~m`j`jo fd pf{e `j {e`r ~grqgb{*. [~m`j`jo r{m~{ mjp Hgw d~fi {eg mog fd{e~gg pgm~r `j tm~`fr df~ir, kgqgjk`jo fj {eg bfiij`{p {em{ nglfjor {f mjk jf{ lgmr{ {eg~glò`fr ~g}`~gigj{r fd {eg`~ dmi`l`gr fd f~ò`j mjk {eg qfrr`n`l`{`gr fd im{g~`mlr df~qm~gj{r* Qm~{`b`qm{`fj `j tm~`fr df~ir fd qg~`fk`b Hkm`b gkbm{`fj `jblkgr {eg r{kp fd[f~me qmrrmogr {m`lf~gk {f {eg mog, bfj{gr{r df~ be`lk~gj w`{e `rrgr ~glm{gk {f {egmrrì`lm{`fj fd Hgw`re {~mk`{`fj* Rmnnm{e igml `r mbbfiqmj`gk np rfjor mjk N`nlg r{f~`gr,

mjb`gj{ kmjbgr, qm~{`b`qm{`fj `j hfn Rmnnm{e, efl`kmpr mjk {eg bglgn~m{`fj fd {eg [giqlg,


31/105

>0{eg bef`~r fd k`ddg~gj{ mog, ir`b nmjkr, g{b** Mkflgrbgj{r qm~{`b`qm{`jo `j {eg hfn mjk m~gjfi`jm{gk mlfjor`kg {eg mkl{r, {f ~gmk mjk bfiigj{ {gu{ `j /[f~m/* M{ =2 pgm~r ) Nm~I`{xtme {eg pfjo Hgw m~g bfjd`~igk, dfllfw`jo mj gumi`jm{`fj fd lgm~j`jo `j {eg q~grgjbgfd bfiij`{p iging~r, `j {eg rpjmofog, `j {gmbe`jo /[f~g/ r{kp mjk bfiql`mjbg

ngemt`f~ fd wf~re`q `j {eg Ifrm`b bfiij`{p* Mll {e`r rq`~`{ml mjk bfiij`{p {~m`j`job~gm{g m emn`{ fd ~grqgb{ /df~ {egirgltgr/ Ifrm`b ~`{ml ~gr{~`b{`fjr* Df~ {efrg d~fi f{eg~jm{`fjr, fnt`frlp {em{ wmr jf{ fj emjk {f fnrg~tg r{~`b{lp {eg ~`{ml {em{ emr jf{ nggj`jr{~b{gk {f qm~{`b`qm{g* [eg ~`rc `r {f lfrg kgtf{ dfllfwg~r*. [egp kgb`kgk {f mrrginlg m bfjb`l {f Hg~rmlgi df~ b{{`jo k`rq{g* O~fq /{~mk`{`fjml/df~igk fd {eg ~mnn` wef bfjtg~{gk {f Be~`r{`mj`{p, ~g}`~`jo r{~`b{ bfiql`mjbg {f ifrm`b

~`{ml np jgfqep{g, wmr egmkgk np Hmigr {eg Pfjo* [eg f{eg~ o~fq wg~g qm~{ fd Qg{g~,Hfej, Nm~jmng, Qml* Qg{g~ m~ogk rbe m i`jìi fd ~gr{~`b{`fjr8 /N~f{eg~r, pf cjfw{em{ {eg kmpr fd Lf~k befrg ig {e~foe pf {f og{ {f qmomjr {eg _f~k mjk {eg Offk Jgwr%^gr~~gb{`fj fd Hgrr* Rf {em{ {egp eo dm`{e* Ofk, pf cjfw kggq kfwj, {gr{`d`gk `j {eg`~dmtf~ ngbmrg {egp emtg egm~{ q~`d`gk np dm`{e* _ep {~p {f q{ mom`jr{ Ofk, ~g}`~`jok`rb`qlgr m pfcg {em{ f~ qm~gj{r mjk wg kf jf{ @ bflk of6 @j dmb{ {eg qm~kfj fd f~ Lf~kHgrr, wg ngl`gtg GUMB[LP MR RMTG EG^* %Mb{r q*=7*=1*[egp bfj{`jgk {f mktfbm{g mjk Qml, Nm~jmng* Jm~~m{`jo bfjtg~{ qgfqlg fd k`ddg~gj{jm{`fjr mjk rfb`ml bfjk`{`fjr, fd {eg {~g dm`{e df~ we`be {egp omtg gt`kgjbg, ~gom~klgrr fd~mjc f~ ~glò`fj bfjr`kg~gk flk* D`jmllp of{ {eg wf~k m{ Hmbfn {eg Pfjo, mr {eg lgmkg~ fd {egEgn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Be~be `j Hg~rmlgi8/N~f{eg~r, l`r{gj {f ig* Rìfj %{eg bmrg fd Rìfj Qg{g~, mqfr{lg rqgmcr mr fd {eg ngo`jj`joOfk emr imc`jo qgfqlg OMTG WR E@R JMIG* [eg q~fqeg{r rm`k8 /_egj w`ll {egp ~g{~j, @w`ll ~gn`lk Kmt`k/r wf~c w`ll ng kgr{~fpgk, @ w`ll ~gn`lk {eg ~`jr mjk n`lk, `j f~kg~


32/105

21

{em{ mll imjc`jk {f rggc Ofk, rf {em{ mll jm{`fjr reflk ng gjre~`jgk Ip Jmig `r wep @ {em{reflk jf{ ng ~g}`~gk fd {efrg wef bfjtg~{gk qmomjr* Ng ~g}`~gk fjlp {f ~gd~m`j d~fiigm{ df~ rmb~`d`bgr `kfl l`jcr `llgo`{ìm{g, jf{ {f bfjrig igm{ d~fi mjìmlr mjk rqq~grr

{eg nlffk* Df~ `j mjb`gj{ {ìgr Ifrgr emr emk `j gmbe {fwj q~gmbeg~ {egp ~gmk `jRpjmofogr Rmnnm{e /%Mb{r q*=7*=1** _mr q~gqm~gk Gqr{lg fd Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Be~bed~fi Hg~rmlgi mjk wg~g kglgom{gr wef wg~g {f n~`jo {eg cjfwlgkog gr{mnl`regk Be~`r{`mjBe~begr* Ngbmrg {e`r kfbigj{ `r b~b`ml {f d~{eg~ kgtglfqigj{ fd Be~`r{`mjr fj {eg fjgemjk mjk {eg ~glm{`fjre`q ng{wggj Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr mjk ifrm`b Hgwr, fj {eg f{eg~ emjk,wg o`tg `{ dll8.

/Mqfr{lgr, q~grnp{g~ mjk n~f{eg~r {f n~f{eg~r fd qgfqlg wef m~g `j Mj{`fbe, Rp~`m mjkB`l`b`m, rmp E`- Ngbmrg @ egm~k {em{ rfig fd r of w`{ef{ m bfii`rr`fj d~fi r, pf emtg{~fnlgk rflr {e~foe {eg`~ rqggbe, mjk pf emtg remcgj rflr rmp`jo {f b{ m~fjk mjkcgq{ {eg Lmw, r, md{g~ wg emtg om{eg~gk mll {fog{eg~ w`{e m qlmj, _g dfjk {eg wmp {fbeffrg rfig qgfqlg mjk rgjk {egi {f pf {ff w`{e f~ rwgg{egm~{r mjk Qml Nm~jmng, {egrgqgfqlg wef q{ l`tgr m{ r{mcg, df~ f~ Lf~k Hgrr Be~`r{ * Df~ `{ rggigk {f eì {eg EflpRq`~`{ mjk {f r, jf{ {f q{ pf ftg~ mjp f{eg~ wgòe{ {emj {f ng, `g8 {em{ pf rqm~gkìiflm{`fj `kfl {e`jor, nlffk, mjìml rqq~grr, mkl{g~p, {e`jor {em{ `d pf w`ll pf~ om~kw`ll ng offk {f pf* Ng egml{ep- %Mb{r q*=7*>2*)>0**M~g mqqf`j{gk {f lgmk mjk guqlm`j Gqr{lg8 R`lmr, Nm~rmnmr, Nm~jmng, Qml*@j {eg mnftg @ wflk mkk {em{ Gqr{lg im~cgk {eg ngo`jj`jo fd {eg gjk fd Hgw`re)Be~`r{`mj Be~be fd Hg~rmlgi*


33/105

2=

Ml~gmkp {g{~m~be Eg~fk Mo~`qm S=Y kgbmq`{m{gk egmkr fd Egn~m`b Be~`r{`mj be~be fdHg~rmlgi ift`jo {e~foe {eg m~~gr{ fd Hmbfn {eg O~gm{ mjk Qg{g~ `j {eg pgm~ ;>* Qg{g~i`~mblfrlp grbmqgk mjk dlgk {f Hg~rmlgi %Mb{r =>*=?** Hmigr {eg O~gm{ wmr ngegmkgk*Hmigr {eg Pfjo {ffc ftg~ mr {eg bfiij`{p* @rflm{gk mjk im~o`jml`xgk np ifrm`b ^mnn`

Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr m~g rq~gmk `j {eg Hgw`re bfiij`{`gr {e~foef{ {eg ^fimj giq`~g `j{eg jgu{ ejk~gk pgm~r* [egp w`ll {egj ngm~ i`r{~r{ mjk `j{flg~mjbg fd Be~`r{`mjr, mr {egEgn~gw, ng`jo fd {eg qgfqlg wef c`llgk Hgrr* Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr, mjk {eg`~ bfiij`{`grw`ll k`rmqqgm~ fd {eg Igrr`mj`b Be~`r{`mj wmp* K`mlgb{`br fd Ofk wg k`k jf{ fjbgmbcjfwlgkog {em{ mjp k`r{mjbg `j {eg goo bfj{m`jr m ~gt`tml* EF_6 @J _EM[ BFJ[GU[6_EF6 @ KFJ[ CJF_*

S=Y Mo~`qm @ ngbfigr C`jo Qe`l`q`m {g{~m~be fd {eg ~go`fj mjk L`rmj`m `j 2?, 20 fd {eg Oml`lgg mjkQg~ggm, `j ;= fd @kggm mjk Rmim~`m* M{ e`r kgm{e %;; {eg {g~~`{f~p w`ll qmrr %`j mkk`{`fj {f mrimll {g~~`{f~p m~fjk Bgrm~ggm m{{~`n{gk {f Mo~`qm @@ jkg~ {eg mki`j`r{~m{`fj fd m ^fimjq~fb~m{f~* Md{g~ {eg kgdgm{ fd {eg Hgwr np {eg ^fimj lgo`fjr `j {eg ^fimj) @km`b wm~ r`jbg ?=,Qmlgr{`jg ngbmig ^fimj q~ft`jbg*


34/105

2>

BEMQ[G^ @@@ BFJTG^[@JO /QMOMJR/ NP EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR

B*@@@*=* ^MNN@ RMWL BFJTG^[@JO^mnn` Rml wmr nf~j `j [m~rr* Km{g fd n`~{e `r lfbm{gk, md{g~ k`ddg~gj{ rf~bgr, ng{wggj

7)=1* [eg dmi`lp wmr fd jfnlg ~mjc, {eg {~`ng fd Rml* E`r dm{eg~ wmr {eg ig~bemj{ wef emk~gbg`tgk ^fimj b`{`xgjre`q mr m ròj fd bffqg~m{`fj w`{e {eg ìqg~`ml mki`j`r{~m{`fj*Pfjo Rml dfllfwgk `j`{`m{`fj rbeffl rbeflm~re`q jkg~ {eg o`kmjbg fd ^mnn` Omiml`gl*Ngbfig m iging~ fd {eg d`~r{ ~mjc fd {eg O~mjk [giqlg Ifrm`b Rmjegk~`j* [mcg qm~{ mr`kgd~fi {eg ~gqf~{gk qg~rgb{`fj fd /rgb{ Ofrqgl fd Hgrr/* Md{g~ e`r {gr{ìfjp, wegj eg eglkbfiqmb{ kgmbfj Rm`j{ R{gqegj, wef wmr om~k`jo {eg blf{egr fd {eg c`llg~* ^g}gr{ mjk

~gbg`tg mqq~ftml fd {eg O~mjk ^mnn` Bm`qemr {f qg~rgb{g {eg Be~`r{`mj bfiij`{p fdKmimrbr, weg~g {eg lgmtgr w`{e m o~fq fd pfjo ~mnn`r8 k`rb`qlgr mjk d~`gjkr* Fj {eg wmp{f Kmimrbr bfiq~`rgr m n~òe{ lòe{ o~fq, dfbr fj ^mnn` Rml* Eg dmllr dmbg kfwj `j {eg~fmk kr{* M tf`bg, {em{ fjlp eg egm~r rmp8/Rml, Rml *** _ep qg~rgb{g ig6 _ef m~g pf Lf~k6 Mrc {eg pfjo ~mnn` {g~~`d`gk* @ miHgrr {eg fd Jmxm~g{e, wefi pf qg~rgb{g eì* Og{ q, bfig `j{f {fwj mjk {gll pf wem{

{f kf /* %Mb{r q*0*4** Rml of lffc rcpwm~k, n{ kf jf{ rgg mjp{e`jo* E`r dgllfwr `{r ~glm{gk {f{eg dgm~ {em{ {eg`~ igj{f~ `r l`cg m nl`jk* [egp ~m`rgk eì d~fi kr{ d~fi {eg ~fmk mjk {ffceì np {eg m~ir {f Kmimrbr* ^mnn` r{mpgk {e~gg kmpr `j dmr{ nlmbc mjk q~mpg~* Eg wmr`j`{`m{gk `j{f {eg rgb~g{r {em{ Lmw cjgw fd t`r`fj lfrr `r m ròj fd {eg Rq~gig Df~bg* Egcjgw {em{ eg ir{ q~mp, {f ~g, {f d`jk f{ wep mjk wem{ {eg qj`reigj{ wflk ng* @j {egdf~{e kmp `j, m Hgw eg `r ~grqgb{gk `j {eg bfiij`{p fd Kmimrbr mjk dg~tgj{ q~fqfjgj{fd Be~`r{`mj rgb{r `j {eg b`{p8 Mjmj`mr* Og{ qgj`{gj{ reflkg~r mjk wfjkg~`jo `d {e`r imjkgrg~tgr qj`reigj{ rmtgk* /Ofk, @ egm~k imjp qgfqlg {mlc`jo mnf{ {eg gt`l kfjg np {e`r


35/105

22imj, pf~ rm`j{r `j Hg~rmlgi* Mjk jfw eg bmig eg~g, `jtgr{gk w`{e mll qfwg~r {f {egdm`{edl fj pf~ bem`j /%Mb{r q*0*=1** T`r`fj emr m tf`bg `jr`kg {em{ rmpr8/Kf `{- Df~ {e~foe `{ pf rq~gmk {eg dm`{e mifjo qmomj qgfqlgr, w`ll bfjtg~{ {eg c`jor mjk{eg be`lk~gj fd @r~mgl* @ iprgld w`ll {gll eì {em{ e`r rddg~`jo `r {eg wmp `j ip jmig /* %Mb{rq*0*==**

Mjmj`mr ~gbg`tgk {eg o~mbg {f o`tg {eg gpgròe{ {f Rml* Md{g~ ~gbg`t`jo `{r nmq{`ri w`{ewm{g~* Eg r{mpgk w`{e eì j{`l eg ~gbftg~* @{ `r mrrigk {em{ `j {efrg kmpr {eg~g wg~gng{wggj {wf lfjo k`mlfogr lgm~j Egn~gw Ofrqgl fd Hgrr* Md{g~ eg wmr mnlg {f wmlc, {egd`~r{ Rmnnm{e, Rml gj{g~r `j {eg Ifrm`b [giqlg fd Kmimrbr* Ngdf~g {eg mrr`r{mjbg ngo`j npq~gmbe`jo {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr mjk {f rni`{ {gr{ìfjp {f {eg }ml`{p fd {eg Igrr`me mjkb~b`d`gk {eg q~fqeg{ ~gr~~gb{`fj {* Qgfqlg mrc8 efw6 `{ `r {eg qg~rgb{f~ fd dfllfwg~r fd

Hgrr- Gtg~pfjg cjgw {em{ {eg ~mnn` wmr {mlc`jo {f {egi jfw wmr {eg eòe q~`gr{ rgj{ {fHg~rmlgi {f c`ll {eg dfllfwg~r fd Hgrr `j Kmimrbr* Rffj *** {eg ifrm`b nòf{rS=Y qlmj {fc`ll`jo eì* Rml `r rmtgk np {eg k`rb`qlgr, ~gim`j`jo dm`{edl* [egp qmrr ftg~ {eg i`kklg fd{eg jòe{ `j {eg df~{~grr wmll fd Kmimrbr* Md{g~ {eg ~g{~j `j Hg~rmlgi Rml {~p`jo {f og{`j {fbe w`{e igj{f~r Be~`r{`mj Bfiij`{p* N{ gtg~pweg~g `r o~gg{gk w`{e rrq`b`fj mjkem{~gk, emt`jo jf~iml ~gmb{`fjr {f e`r ~flg w`{e jf{ ibe {ìg ngdf~g* @{ wmr e`r Nm~jmng

{f imcg nm`l df~ Rml, rmp`jo {f Be~`r{`mjr wem{ emqqgjgk `j Kmimrbr* Efwgtg~, {egftg~~`kg, grqgb`mllp /Be~`r{`mj egllgj`r{r/ qlmjjgk {f c`ll eì* [eg q~grnp{g~r fd Hg~rmlgiBe~`r{`mj Bfiij`{p kgb`kg {f rgjk df~ m {ìg `j pf~ efig{fwj ) [m~r*.Mqfr{fl`b ~flg fd {eg qg~rfj w`ll bemjog fjbg {eg f~`gj{m{`fj mjk {eg jmig fd Be~`r{`mj`{p%^mnn` Rml ngbfi`jo {eg Mqfr{lg Qml, w`ll ng ~gqf~{gk `j wem{ dfllfwr*S=Y [g~i kgròjm{`jo dfllfwg~r `j{flg~mjbg {f tm~`fr `j{g~q~g{m{`fjr fd kfb{~`jg k`ddg~gj{

d~fi {eg`~r, we`be {egp ngl`gtg {eg fjlp fnt`fr mjk ngr{* [eg g}`tmlgj{ {g~i `r/djkmigj{ml`r{/*

` ` ` h ` M ` O


36/105

2;E`r i`rr`fjm~p hf~jgp {mcgr qlmbg `j Hg~rmlgi, Mj{`fbe, O~ggbg, {f ^fig mjkjtg~`d`gk fj bg~{m`j km{m `j Rqm`j* _em{ emqqgjgk `j Kmimrbr mjk emtg mjf{eg~igmj`jo* _em{gtg~ {eg jm{~g f~ guqlm`jmnlg rqgj{ {eg jfj guqlm`jmnlg Kmimrbr ifigj{fd Qml l`dg, wg bmj jf{ òjf~g {em{ {eg~g emr nggj m kggq bemjog `j qg~rfjml`{p fd m ~mnn`,lfjo {~m`jgk `j {eg rgb~g{r fd Ifrm`b Rb~`q{~gr, Lmwr fd {eg [f~me* Rml/r fq{`fj {f ngbfig

m i`rr`fjm~p fd {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr, w`ll emtg m b~b`ml ~flg `j gtmjoegl`rm{`fj fd {eg qmomjqgfqlgr/ fd {eg Igk`{g~~mjgmj m~gm `j {eg jgu{ {e`~{p pgm~r* R{~gjo{e fd bem~mb{g~ fd {egeimj {~`ng `j Rml mrrfb`m{gk w`{e grf{g~`b gjg~o`gr `jtgr{gk, w`{e {eg Eflp Rq`~`{ {e~foeNmq{`ri {f b~g qgfqlg3 o~mbg `{r rqgmcg~ mjk f~omj`xg~ fd Be~`r{`mj df~ir fd wf~re`q mjk~`{ml fd {eg Be~`r{`mj bfiij`{`gr {f ng rg{ q, w`ll mll ngbfig ~gml wgmqfjr* _`{e {egiw`ll dmbg fj {eg k`rqm~mog~r fd `{r fwj {~`ng, {eg mki`j`r{~m{f~r fd {eg ^fimj Giq`~g,

o`t`jo EFQG {f {efrg rggc`jo m rgm{ `j d~fj{ kfn{r fd {eg`~ rq`~`{ml l`dg* [eg~gdf~g, {eg r`xgfd `{r r`jolm~ kgr{`jp, {eg wmp `j we`be {eg /nm~g emjkr/ {f dmbg {eg ngr{ bgj{g~r fd ~glò`frqfwg~ %`j Hg~rmlgi, M{`fbe, M{egjr, ^fig mjk {egj b`t`l kgrg~tg q~rgk jf{ fjlp `j {egmqfr{fl`b, n{ mr m gumiqlg fd df~bgk [F [EG OGJG^M[G M EWIMJ NG@JOFDDG^@JO*

B*@@@*>* BE^@R[@MJ GTMJOEGL@RI @J ^FIG[eg ìqmb{ fd Be~`r{`mj`{p `j, fig, `r ~gqf~{gk np Hkgmj Hfrgdr Dlmt`r %HfrgdrDlmt`r `j /Hgw`re Mj{`}gr/ ) qm~mo~mqer =5, 50, 07* [`ng~`r @iqg~m{f~ %=; ) 2? omtg {egT`{gl`r l`jcgk Rp~`m {f ~giftg {eg Be`gd ^mnn` fd Rmjegk~`j, Bm`qemr, {eg i~kg~ fd Hgrrmjk R{gqegj, mjk Q`lm{g/r k`ri`rrml %mr @ rm`k* [eg lm{{g~ w`ll ng ~gqlmbgk np fjg Rgjm{f~Im~bglS=Y*S=Y Rgjm{f~ Im~bgl `r igj{`fjgk `j m q~ftgjmjbg mqfb~pqeml Mr`mj kfbigj{ bgj{~p @@8 /[egdmb{r fd Tg~`bgll`/ {em{ `{ wflk ng efr{gk fj {eg Mqfr{lg Qg{g~ `j ^fig*


37/105

27. Qg~bgq{`fj wmr {eg ~grl{ fd wem{ emqqgjgk `j Hg~rmlgi8 {eg lmbc fd lgoml`{p jkg~^fimj lmw, {eg q~fbgrr fd /Be~gr{r/ mjk {eg mb{`fjr {f qg~rgb{g {eg dfllfwg~r, `jblk`jobfiqmb{ kgmbfj Rm`j{ R{gqegj* [g~{l`mj %^fimj qe`lfrfqeg~ mjk e`r{f~`mj, q~grgj{r `j/Mqflfog{`bf/ qm~mo~mqe 7*>* ^gqf~{gk {em{ Giqg~f~ [`ng~` q~fqfrgk j {eg ^fimjRgjm{g, m lmw we`be q~gtgj{ mjp mb{`fj mom`jr{ /Be~`r{`mjr/* Eg m{{~`n{gk {e`r `j`{`m{`tgd`~r{ giqg~f~ fd {eg ~gbfoj`{`fj fd {eg Be~`r{`mj bl{* Rgjm{f~r wg~g fqqfrgk ngbmrg `{ `r m~glò`fr iftgigj{ /m{fjfifr/ %w`{ef{ emt`jo m r`jolg g{ej`b bflk lgmk {f bfjdl`b{ mjkrfb`ml j~gr{S>Y* Kgb~gg fd {eg Rgjm{g %Rgjm{g ) bfjrl{ bfj{m`jr {eg wf~kr /Jfj l`b`{ grrgBe~`r{`mjfr*Giqg~f~ [`ng~` jg{~ml`xg {eg bfjrg}gjbgr fd {eg tf{g `j {eg Rgjm{g m~o`jo {em{ `{imcgr jf k`r{`jb{`fj ng{wggj g{ej`b /Hgwr/ mjk /Be~`r{`mjr/, mll m~g Egn~gw* [mb`{, rgjm{f~

mjk e`r{f~`mj ~glm{gr {em{ `j {eg pgm~ ;>, m{ {eg ngo`jj`jo fd {eg ~gòj fd Blmk`r %;= ) 7;{eg w`dg fd Ogjg~ml Mlf Qlmxx` %Lgmkg~ fd {eg lgo`fjr wef emtg jkg~ofjg N~`{{mjpQfiqfj`m O~gb`jm {f bfjtg~{ {f Be~`r{`mj`{p %[mb`{ m~ogr {em{ {eg jkg~ mqfr{lg Qg{g~bfjkb{* [eg ~grl{ `r {em{ {eg Ogjg~ml wmj{r {f w`{ek~mw d~fi {eg dmi`lp fd bf~~q{@iqg~`ml ^figS2Y* Blgigj{ {eg Mlgumjk~`j m~ogr {em{ imjp jfnlgr mjk ^fimjr cjòe{rwg~g bfjtg~{gk {f igrr`mj`b wf~c fd Qg{g~ mjk mrcgk Im~c {f w~`{g e`r {gmbe`jor fd Mqfr{lg

q~gk`bm{g* Emtg jf{ i`rrgk {eg bfjtg~r`fj d~fi mifjo {eg Hgwr fd ^fig* [e`r bmrgrS>Y `{ `r blgm~ {em{ {eg /kggq/ df~ilm{`fj bmj fjlp ng {eg d~`{ fd mj gk`{f~ w`{e mj `jr{~b{`fj fd{eg O~ggc rfqe`r{ f~ m [mlik`b `j`{`m{gk* @jbl`jg {f {eg fq`j`fj m{ef~ fd m {wf)tm~`mj{*S2Y M Be~`r{`mj `jrb~`q{`fj, `j {eg mjb`gj{ bm{mbfinr fd R{* BML@R[ jmig Qfiqfj`fr O~gcg`jfr3{gr{ìfjp fd bfjtg~r`fj {f Be~`r{`mj`{p fd mj `llr{~`fr m~`r{fb~m{`b dmi`l`gr fd ^fig* [eg m~~`tmlfd Qg{g~ `j ^fig `r km{gk {f pgm~ ;> np {eg Grgn` /Be~fj`blg/ 8 /M{ {eg ngo`jj`jo fd [eg

Q~`jb`qml`{p, Q~ft`kgjbg {ffc {eg emjk lgk Qg{g~ {f ^fig*/ %Md{g~ {eg Lm{`j {~mjrlm{`fj fd@g~fjì


38/105

24`~~`{m{`fj fd ifrm`b Hgwr* [egp fn{m`jgk {eg guqlr`fj fd Egn~gw bfjtg~{`jo {f Be~`r{`mj`{pd~fi {eg Giqg~f~ Blmk`r %;= ) 7;, m~fjk 71* M}`lm mjk Q~`rb`lm , Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr{em{ Lcg rmpr {egp wg~g guqgllgk d~fi ^fig %Mb{r q*=5*>** _`ll ng {efrg wef w`ll igg{Qml `j Bf~`j{e `j {eg pgm~ 7=*

B*@@@*2* [EG D@^R[ GTMJOEGL@RM[@FJ FD QMWL MQFR[LG @J BPQ^WRMj{`fbe, bmq`{ml fd {eg q~ft`jbg fd Rp~`m, wmr {eg lm~ogr{ fd {eg {e~gg o~gm{ ^fimj b`{p fd{eg giq`~g* Mj gubgrr fd {em{ jing~ fd `jemn`{mj{r, fjlp ^fig mjk Mlgumjk~`m* Eg~g, {egd`~r{ r{gq fd Qml/r mqfr{fl`b i`rr`fj m~g {f bfjtg~{ mjk lgmk jgw dfllfwg~r* Eg wmr rgj{ {f{wgltg pgm~r md{g~ e`r bfjtg~r`fj, np {eg Be~be fd {eg mqfr{lgr `j Hg~rmlgi* Nm~jmngmbbfiqmjp`jo eì `j {e`r k`dd`bl{ i`rr`fj mifjo O~ggcr, bfjt`jbgk {em{ {eg i`~mblg fdbfjtg~{`jo df~ig~ ^mnn` Rml w`ll ngm~ d~`{* @j Mj{`fbe gtmjoegl`rgk wg~g {eg Hgwr mjk{eg O~ggcr* Qml mjk Nm~jmng rw`{begk {f f~ gtmjogl`ri fd jfj Hgwr, w`{e mll fqqfr`{`fjfd {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mj q~grnp{g~r wef bflk jf{ ~gbfjb`lg w`{e gugiq{`fjr d~fi {eg Lmwfd Ifrgr* Eg~g r df~ {eg d`~r{ {ìg `j rg {eg /Rgb{ fd B~gr{r/ mr m n~mjk* Eg~g Qml w`lln`lk m r{~fjo bfiij`{p fd Be~`r{`mj* Rmlmi`jm `r {f r{m~{ np q~gmbe`jo `j {eg rpjmofogweg~g {eg w`{jgrr {f {gll {eg }ml`{p fd {eg Igrr`me mjk ^gr~~gb{gk Hgrr* Eg rgkm~oigj{r }f{`jo {gu{ fd [f~me* [e`r mqq~fmbe w`ll ng rgk np {eg mqfr{lg, mifjo ifrm`brj{`l {eg gjk fd e`r kmpr* @j Qmqefr m imo`b`mj Hgw %Nm~ Hgrr {~p`jo {f k`rb~gk`{ {ego~fq/r Qml ngdf~g Rg~o`r Qmlr q~fbfjrl* Nl`jklp {f `jtfbm{`fj fd Qml8 /Imj dll fd mllo`lg mjk mll iml`bg, rfj fd {eg kgt`l, gjgip fd ~òe{gfrjgrr mjp r{m`jlgrr3 jf{ r{fq pf {f {fkgdp wmpr fd Ofk6- Jfw eg~g/r {eg emjk {em{ Ofk `r mom`jr{ pf8 pf w`ll ng nl`jk mjk jf{rgg pf j{`l {eg rj df~ m we`lg/ %Mb{r q*=2*=1** Mimx`jo qfwg~ fd grf{g~`b r{~gmi fd wem{

mqfr{lg fd dm`{e, imjp fd {eg ^fimj fdd`b`mlr gj{f~mog mrc`jo {f ng nmq{`xgk*

Q l {` { e ` {e { B { {


39/105

2?Qml bfj{`jgr {f q~gmbe `j {eg {fwjr fj B~g{mj bfmr{*. @j fjg if~j`jo gj{g~gk {eg rpjmofog fd Mj{ fbe fd Q`r`km* _mr qlmbgk mlfjor`kg {egf{eg~r, qm~{`b`qm{`jo `j q~mpg~* M{ {eg gjk fd {eg k`t`jg rg~t`bg, wegj {eg ~mnn` rm`k {egqe~mrg /N~f{eg~r, `d pf emtg rfig{e`jo {f rmp {f gjbf~mog qgfqlg, kf `{-/ Eg r{mjkr w`{ed`r{ ~m`rgk mjk l`{{lg d`jog~ qS=Y*~gdg~r {f mj ìqf~{mj{ mjk bgj{~ml q~mpg~ `j {eg Hgw`re

q~mpg~ rg~t`bg* [eg bgj{~ml {egig fd {eg Cmkk`re `r {eg imoj`d`bm{`fj mjk rmjb{`d`bm{`fj fdOfk/r jmig rqgmc`jo8/Qgfqlg fd @r~mgl mjk fd {efrg {em{ pf dgm~ Ofk l`r{gj- Ofk fd {e`r qgfqlg, {eg Ofk fd @r~mglbefrg f~ dm{eg~r mjk imkg {f o~fw k~`jo e`r gu`lg `j Gopq{* [egj, r`jo {eg Df~bg wmrimkg {f grbmqg d~fi rlmtg~p mjk df~{p pgm~r, eg o`kgk {e~foe {eg kgrg~{* [egj nlmr{`jorgtgj jm{`fjr fd Bmjmmj fj gm~{e, eg q{ `j qfrrgrr`fj fd {eg`~ bfj{~p, df~ df~ ejk~gk

pgm~r* Md{g~ {egrg {e`jor eg omtg {f hkogr Rmigl q~fqeg{* [egj eg ~g}gr{gk m c`jo* _gomtg {f Rml, {eg rfj fd B`r, fd {eg Ngj`mi`j {~`ng* Md{g~ eg wmr ~giftgk, Ofk omtg Kmt`k%**** Fd {eg q~fogjp {em{ Hgrr wmr nf~j mr {eg Igrr`me* Hfej %Hfej {eg Nmq{`r{ wmrq~gqm~gk np {eg bfi`jo jgw mki`j`r{~m{`fj Nmq{`ri* M{ {eg gjk fd `{r i`rr`fj, eg rm`k,_EF [E@JC @ MI, @ MI JF[, NW[ EG^G BFI@JO MD[G^ I@JG FJ [EG JF[_F^[EP [F [FWBE REFGR* N~f{eg~r, pf~ be`lk~gj fd Mn~memi ~mbg mjk pf {eg

q~grgj{, `r rgj{ {f pf {e`r igrrmog* If~gftg~, ~gr`kgj{r fd Hg~rmlgi mjk {eg egmkr emtg~gmbegk {eg`~ ifrm`b wf~kr q~fqeg{r we`be wg~g ~gmk gtg~p Rmnnm{e* Jf ~gmrfj {f d`jk %***,bfjkgijgk eì %Hgrr mjk mrcgk eì {f Q`lm{g {f c`ll eì* Mjk gtg~p{e`jo mr w~`{{gj np{eg q~fqeg{r, {egp emtg kgrbgjkgk d~fi {eg b~frr mjk q{ eì `j{f {eg o~mtg* N{ Ofk emr^gr~~gb{gk eì* Q~`bg rgtg~ml kmpr eg mqqgm~gk {f {efrg wef bmig w`{e eì d~fi Oml`lgg*[egp m~g e`r w`{jgrrgr ngdf~g {eg qgfqlg* Mjk wg cjfw {f mjjfjbg8 {eg q~fi`rg S=Y

Im~cg~ fd nglfjo`jo mktfbm{gr rqgmc`jo m{ Ifrm`b dm`{e* Ròj {em{ `r kfjg, df~ gumiqlg,wegj q~mpg~ rm`k /Cmkk`re/)


40/105

25imkg {f f~ qm~gj{r %bfi`jo {f Igrrm`me {f rqqf~{ be`lk~gj fd Ofk emr ~gmbegk m8 {eg~gr~~gb{`fj fd Hgrr* Mr `r w~`{{gj `j Qrmlir8 Pf m~g ip rfj, iprgld {fkmp @ wmr nf~j mjk@ w`ll kgdgjk* Mjk Ofk omtg r {e~foe ^gr~~gb{`fj mjk bmj jf{ ng }gr{`fjgk m~g {efrgwf~kr8 /_g w`ll o`tg pf {eg eflp {e`jor fd Kmt`k, {efrg wef m~g {~r{wf~{ep* Rf m~g

n~f{eg~r, {em{ {e~foe Eì df~o`tgjgrr fd r`jr `r mjjfjbgk* Mll {eg df~o`tgjgrr {em{ pfbmj jf{ og{ {e~foe {eg Lmw fd Ifrgr, {e~foe Eì pf bmj emtg* Qlgmrg jf{g pf kf jf{emqqgj wem{ `r w~`{{gj `j {eg q~fqeg{r8 /Lffc qgfqlg dll fd {egirgltgr* Ng r~q~`rgk jf{jkg~r{mjk wep mjk k`gk df~ r`jbg {eg {ìg {em{ pf w`ll kf wf~c {em{ pf kf jf{ ngl`gtgpf mjp {ìg, weg{eg~ pf wflk ~gb`{g m rfignfkp* .%Mb{r q*=2*=4*);=*@iq~grrgk np {eg df~bg fd m~oigj{ mjk efw {f rqqf~{ imjp fd {eg igg{`jo ~g}gr{gk {figg{ mom`j* Fj {eg jgu{ Rmnnm{e, {efrg wef dgl{ t`flm{gk Ifrm`b dm`{e, {egp emtg {e~gm{gjgkmjk kg~`r`fj wegj mom`j mrcgk {f rqgmc*Qml rmpr8/@ wmj{gk {f lg{ pf cjfw pf d`~r{ wf~k fd Ofk* Ngbmrg wg ~ghgb{ mjk kf jf{ bfjr`kg~wf~{ep fd g{g~jml l`dg, wg w`ll ~gdg~ {f qmomjr* Df~ {er Ofk rm`k8 /@ emtg imkg lòe{ fdqgfqlgr, df~ pf {f of fdd igrrmog {f {eg gm~{e/* %Mb{r q*=2*;4*);?*Qml bfj{`jg gtmjogl`ri qmomj qfqlm{`fj f{ fd {eg q~f{gr{r Egn~gw /djkmigj{ml`r{r/*[egp kgb`kg {f c`ll eì* [egj fjg kmp pf bm{be, pf of {f {eg gkog fd {fwj mjk ngm{ eìnlffkp* Ngl`gtg eì kgmk {egp lgmtg {eg nfkp {eg~g* [eg jgwr emr rq~gmk mjk e`r m{{gjkmj{r,wef jf{ rbm~gk wgj{ {f rgg {eg nfkp, n{ q~mpgk df~ {eg kgmk {efoe{* K`t`jg df~bg eg cgq{ml`tg* Qml ~gbftg~`jo mjk fjg fd `{r `j{g~ ~g{~j k~`jo q~mpg~ df~ e`r rfl* M{{gjkmj{r rmw{eg ròj `j emjk q~f{gb{`fj fd Hgrr* Lmr{ t`r`{gk b`{p `j {eg `rlmjk wmr Kg~ng* Eg~g m lm~ogjing~ fd qgfqlg, Egn~gw f~ jf{, wg~g bfjtg~{gk {f Be~`r{`mj`{p, df~i`jo m jgw Be~`r{`mj

bfiij`{`gr*


41/105

20

I`rr`fjm~p o~fq ~g{~jr {f Mj{`fbe, weg~g Qml mjk Nm~jmng w`ll f~omj`xg mjk lgmkBe~`r{`mj Be~be j{`l e`r kgqm~{~g df~ Hg~rmlgi* Bfjb`l`m{`fj Hkgf)Be~`r{`mj Be~befd Hg~rmlgi {ffc qlmbg, mr k`ddg~gj{ rf~bgr bfjrl{gk, `j ;5 f~ 71* Eg~g {eg {wf lgmkg~r fdEgn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Gtmjoegl`ri w`ll gr{mnl`re m rg~`gr fd lmwr mjk q~fbgk~gr djkmigj{ml

df~ Be~`r{`mj`{p* [eg Be~`r{`mjr fd Mj{`fbe8 /Fj {eg d`~r{ kmp fd {eg wggc wg~g j`{gk {fn~gmc {eg n~gmk/ %Mb{r q*>1*?** Mr pf w`ll d`jk Lcg {f [~fmr `j 7?* Rf Rjkmp, {eg kmp fd{eg ^gr~~gb{`fj fd Hgrr, rmpr {em{ {eg Be~`r{`mj efl`kmp we`lg m{ Ifrm`b Hgwr dgmr{ kmp `rRm{~kmp* @{ d`~r{ gr{mnl`regk gbblgr`mr{`bml e`g~m~bep* Kgd`jgk {eg bfjbgq{ fd m Be~`r{`mjq~fqeg{ `j {eg d`~r{ ~mjc mr mj mqfr{lg, w`{e {eg i`rr`fj {f `j{g~q~g{ `{r rq`~`{ np l`oe{`jo {egflk rb~`q{r mjk e`kkgj igmj`jor fd wf~kr `j {eg d{~g, mjk gumiqlg dmb{r fd {eg Ofrqgl fd

Hgrr* /^gtglm{`fj np Hfej/ `r fjg rbe gumiqlg* [eg dfllfwg~ m~g q~grnp{g~p wef emk`j{gjkgk {f rq~gmk Be~`r{`mj b~gkf, {f gtmjoegl`xg mjk {f gjr~g {eg bfiij`{p fdngl`gtg~r*

B*@@@*;* MQFR[FL@B I@RR@FJR @J IMBGKFJ@M MJK O^GGBGMd{g~ Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr Bfjb`l fd Hg~rmlgi mjk m ref~{ r{mp `j Mj{`fbe, Qml mjk

Nm~jmng ~grig e`r i`rr`fjm~p hf~jgp rgqm~m{glp* Nm~jmng mjk Hfej Im~c bfig nmbc `jBpq~r* Qml, mbbfiqmj`gk np R`lmr, w`ll r{m~{ rgbfjk i`rr`fjm~p ~f{g %71 ) 7> wef w`ll ngrg{{`jo q bfiij`{p D`l`q`i, Bf~`j{e, M{egjr* [eg d`~r{ ~f{g w`ll qmrr {e~foe Rp~`m mjkB`l`b`m* Eg~g {egp {f Be~`r{`mj`xg, {~m`j mjk r{~gjo{egj dm`{e `j {efrg ml~gmkp Be~`r{`mjr*. Qml emk `j{gjkgk {f r{m~{ m ~f{g i`rr`fjm~p `j Mr`m I`jf~* N{ `j I`r`m {fwj, m t`r`fj{em{ `r {eg wmp `{ r{fqr* R{fqq`jo Mr`m m{ {eg nf~kg~r, ftg~ rgtgj ejk~gk pgm~r w`ll ng {eg


42/105

;1b~mklg fd m jgw n~mjbe fd {~jc Dm`{e `j Ofk Fjlp, np {eg q~fqeg{ Ifemiigk* @{ w`ll~gbfoj`xg, j /]~/mj/ %[eg @rlmi`b Eflp Nffc mr m df~g~jjg~ fd `{r Mn~memi, Ifrgr,Gl`hme, Hgrr* M~mnr w`ll bmll Ofk /Mllme/* [eg~g q~gi`rg gig~o`jo k`tg~r`{p fd {eg {e~ggn~mjbegr fd {eg rmig rq`~`{ml Qgfqlg fd Ofk/, w`qgk {eg regqeg~kr /djkmigj{ml`r{r/ fd{eg {e~gg ~glò`fjr, mrrfb`m{`jo {egi w`{e {eg bfjb~~gjbg fd `j{g~gr{r QF_G^ wf~lklp*_`{ef{ {mc`jo `j{f mbbfj{ {eg bfiifj grf{g~`b tg`j8 /Flk [gr{migj{/, /Jgw [gr{migj{/mjk /]~/mj /*.Eg bfig nmbc m{ [~fmr* M jgw t`r`fj `r ~gtgmlgk {f ng m Imbgkfj`mj wem{/r e`r jmig fj`{* Ginm~c`jo, w`{e e`r m{{gjkmj{r {f D`l`qì, {egj {eg bmq`{ml fd Imbgkfj`m* K~`jo {e`r

hf~jgp, j L`r{~fr emr glgb{gk m jgw k`rb`qlg {f ng {~m`jgk8 [ìf{ep* @j f~kg~ jf{ {f b~gm{gk`rrgjr`fj mifjo `{r dfllfwg~r, {eg jgw gilg emr nmq{`xgk d`~r{ ifrm`b ~`{g np

b`~bib`r`fj, {egj `{ gr{mnl`regr w`{e Be~`r{`mj nmq{`ri* @{ wmr m kg~fom{`fj d~fi {eg Lmwfd Ifrgr {em{ Qml, md{g~ m kggq igk`{m{`fj, eg k`k* Mjf{eg~ `jb`kgj{ wmr {eg m~~gr{ mjkblfr~g `j hm`l ngbmrg {egp emk ~glgmrgk m pfjo wfimj qfrrgrrgk fd Remimj/r {~mjbg* [egm~~gr{ wmr imkg `j {eg bfiqlm`j{ {em{ guqlf`{ {eg dm`~, og{ ifjgp d~fi eg~ gbr{m{`b r{m{gr*Q~mpg~r ng{wggj {wf wmllr fd {eg hm`l wg~g mbbfiqmj`gk np mj gm~{e}mcg, we`be regkq~gi`rgr `j {eg kgmk fd jòe{* Kff~r wg~g fqgjgk mjk {eg bem`jr wg~g n~fcgj* Rbm~gk {em{

{eg `jim{gr w`ll ~j, q~`rfj om~k eg wmj{gk {f c`ll jf{ {f ng eglk ~grqfjr`nlg np {egm{ef~`{`gr* Qml emr rm`k8 /Kf jf{ c`ll, wg m~g mll eg~g* Mimxgk, {eg imj `r {f {e~fw q,pf {mcg eì efig mjk bm~g fd `jh~`gr bmrgk eì {f bfllmqrg {eg wmllr* Mrc {f ng nmq{`xgk{fog{eg~ w`{e e`r dmi`lp *** M {wf)kmp r{~m{go`r{ bmr{lg %Bfiimjkg~ fd {eg ^fimj b`{p,ìq~grrgk np {eg q~`rfjg~r rgjk m bf~`g~ {f mjjfjbg {em{ {egp m~g d~gg* N{ Qml mjk R`lmrrm`k {em{ ^fimj b`{`xgjr imp jf{ ng ~glgmrgk {emj m ^fimj* [egj r{~m{go`r{ bfigr qg~rfjml

{f imcg {e`r kgb`r`fj*** Mlrf fj {e`r ~fmk m{ [~fmr, hf`jr m i`rr`fjm~p o~fq mjk Lcg* [em{

;=


43/105

;=mqqgm~r `j {eg {gu{, k`rb~gg{lp, np b~frr`jo {eg {e~gg)qg~rfj m{ m {wf)qg~rfj ql~ml fd* @{ `rpg{ mjf{eg~ q~ffd fd {eg qm~gj{ Be~`r{`mj ifkgr{p* %Mb{r q*=1*=4** Md{g~ m n~`gd r{fqftg~ `jL`km, m~~`t`jo `j [egrrmlfj`c`* [eg d`~r{ wmp wmr {eg mqfr{lg, mr ml~gmkp cjfwj, {egrpjmofog `j {eg b`{p* Eg~g mom`j {eg Hgwr q~gmbe mnf{ {eg Offk Jgwr fd Hgrr^gr~~gb{`fj, bmll`jo {f ng be~`r{gjgk* @{ ~gbg`tgk {eg Be~`r{`mj nmq{gig fd Hgw @mrfj

%Qg~rfjml`{p fd {eg Hgwr `j {fwj* N{ {eg jgu{ kmp m o~fq fd Hgwr, `j epr{g~`m gr{m{g, eìb~mwl fj @mrfj {f ^fimj m{ef~`{p* [eg ~gmrfj wmr {em{ rfig qgfqlg wef efr{r/*** emtg~gtfl{`fj`xgk mj gj{`~g wf~lk %*** bfj{~m~p fd Bmgrm~ gk`b{r, rmp`jo {em{ {eg~g `r mjf{eg~c`jo, Hgrr* %Mb{r q*=?*4** [e`r m~oigj{/ w`ll ng ~gqgm{gk qg~imjgj{lp, {eg b~b`dù`fj fdBe~`r{ mjk j{`l {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr mr m k`r{`jb{ o~fq `j {eg Be~`r{`mj Be~be, ngdf~gng`jo o~fjk {f mjp i`l`{m~p f~ b`t`l`mj ^fimjr* [E@R KGDMIM[@FJ, @[ RGGIR,

IFRM@B DWJKMIGJ[ML@R[R, MNFTG [EG [GJ BFIIMJKIGJ[R *** @j ~gml`{p {egHgwr, gm~lp Be~`r{`mjr, JF[ HGRWR MÔWGK [EM[ [EG EWIMJ MW[EF^@[P* EG_MR [EG@^ RQ@^@[WML C@JO F^ IF^G R@IQLP, RFJ FD OFK- [eg lgmkg~r fdHgw`re Bfiij`{pgr guqlf`{gk {eg bfjdr`fj fd {g~ir8 c`jo fd {eg qgfqlgr %bmgrm~ tg~rrc`jo fd rq`~`{ %Hgrr, {eg q~`kg fd {eg ^fimj *** mjp, {f fqq~grr {egi f~ gtgj imcg {egi offd {egi mr }`bclp mr {efrg wef riifj {eg Hgwr mjk f{eg~r {f m jgw df~i fd rq`~`{ml

gu`r{gjbg mjk bfiij`{p f~omj`xm{`fj8 Ifr{lp [E^FWOE IF^ML BFJBGQ[ FDIM[G^@ML _F^LK*. @j f~kg~ jf{ {f bmrg if~g qg~rgb{`fj mom`jr{ Be~`r{`mjr, Qml kg{g~i`jg kgqm~{~gd~fi [egrrmlfj`c` {f M{egjr, {mc`jo w`{e eì m jgw dfllfwg~8 M~`r{m~e* [eg jgu{ r{fq wmr{eg Ng~g* Eg r{k`gk eg~g `j {eg rpjmofog, {eg Eflp Nffcr {fog{eg~ Egn~gw ^mnn`r* [egpbfjd`~igk {eg mbb~mbp fd {eg {gu{r b`{gk np {eg mqfr{lg fd [f~me, fd we`be bfjd`~igk {eg

b~b`dù`fj mjk {eg bfi`jo fd /Rfj fd Imj/* Ml{efoe {efrg fd [egrrmlfj`c` wg~g rgj{ {f

;>


44/105

;>

Egn~gw l`cg Hgwr gji`{p {fwm~kr {eg Be~`r{`mj i`rr`fjm~p Qml m~fjk, {eg bfiij`{p fdNg~g ~gim`jgk `j kgbgj{ lì`{r* M jing~ fd Egn~gw emtg mrcgk {f ng nmq{`xgk* Qml, R`lmrlgmtgr fj {egi {f bfj{`jg {eg`~ q~gmbe`jo* Eg, mlfjo w`{e [ìf{ep nfjk df~ M{egjr*Rq`~`{ml bgj{g~ fd O~ggc bl{~g, M{egjr wmr gr{mnl`regk qe`lfrfqe`bml rbefflr ~gim`j`jo

md{g~ {eg /oflkgj df~ bgj{~`gr/ fd Gllmkm8 m Gq`b~`mjr mjk R{f`br* M{egjr wmr jfw m^fimj q~ft`jbg8 `j {eg O~ggc rq`~`{ we`be q~fif{gk Q`{emof~m f~ Qlm{f wmr fjlp m remkfw*N{ q~`kg grf{g~`b tgr{òg Kglqe` imcgr bl{`tm{gk O~ggcr /gjfoe /, jdm{efimnlg fbbl{~glò`fr mqq~fmbe {f {eg f{eg~ rf~bg, `jblk`jo Be~`r{`mj* [eg~gdf~g, md{g~ rfig kgnm{g,{eg O~ggc qe`lfrfqeg~r mjk wg~g k~moogk m~fjk {eg Hgwr fd Qml ngdf~g M{{`b M~gfqmo%[eg kgb`r`fj fd {eg rq~gig M{egj`mj kgifb~mbp* Qml {ffc {eg dlff~ {f kgdgjk e`r o~fq,

{eg ~òe{ {f imj`dgr{ d~gglp {e~foe dm`{e `j M{egjr8. /M{egj`mj mll bfjk`{`fjr, wg rgg mr {eg ifr{ dm`{edl fd igj* Of`jo {e~foe pf~ {fwj,rgg`jo pf~ rmb~gk ifjigj{r, @ dfjk fjg we`be wmr {eg `jrb~`q{`fj8 /Wjcjfwj Ofk/*_gll, {em{ @ lftg pf w`{ef{ pf cjfw, @ bmig {f emtg eì jf{`bg* Ofk wef imkg {eg wf~lkw`{e wem{ `r `j `{, Ofk fd Egmtgj mjk Gm~{e kf jf{ l`tg `j {giqlgr imkg np eimj emjkr,we`be eg omtg l`dg {f mll ng`jor %**** @d m WJ@]WG Q^@JB@QLG, Eg b~gm{gk rqgb`gr eimj

l`t`jo fj {eg gm~{e* @d {eg dùgk qg~`fk mjk {eg m~gm fd eimj l`dg, imkg `{ {f imcgr qgfqlgrggc k`t`j`{p3 PFW DFWJK NP RGM^BE@JO* @{ `r blfrg {f mll fd r* Df~ r _G EMTGL@DG, IFTGIGJ[ MJK NG@JOR* @j dmb{ rfig fd pf rm`k8 /ngbmrg wg m~g fd E`r ~mbg*@d wg m~g c`jk fd Ofk wg ir{ jf{ {e`jc k`t`j`{p l`cg oflk, r`ltg~ f~ r{fjg q~fbgrrgk {e~foem~{ f~ {e~foe {eg eimj ogj`r* Eg~g `r {em{ Ofk w`regr {f imcg cjfwj {eg qgfqlg {em{bmig {eg ifigj{ {f guq`m{g r`jr, df~ eg emr dùgk m kmp df~ {~`ml, o`t`jo {eg IMJ wg {~j {f

df~ {e`r mjk {em{ omtg gtg~pnfkp m q~ffd fd {eg jkgj`mnlg dmb{ {em{ eg

;2^gr~~gb{gk d~fi {eg kgmk /%Mb{r q =? >> >2 S=Y [e`r wmr {eg @J@[@M[GK IGRRMOG


45/105

;2^gr~~gb{gk d~fi {eg kgmk %Mb{r q*=?*>>*)>2*S=Y* [e`r wmr {eg @J@[@M[GK IGRRMOG,we`be {eg mqfr{lg Qml rgj{ {f M{egj`mjr* N{ {em{ wmr jf{ {ff *** wefrg* M~gfqmo Mrrginlpjf{ bfjr`kg~gk eì o`l{p df~ e`r ngl`gdr mjk lg{ {egi of* Fjlp m dgw w`ll dfllfw {egi`rr`fjm~p* Mifjo {egi mjk K`fj`r`g {eg M~gfqmo`{, m d{~g i`rr`fjm~p*I`r`fjm~p o~fq of {f Ng~g, {mcg `{ mjk R`lmr of`jo {f Bf~`j{e, {eg bmq`{ml fd {eg ^fimj

q~ft`jbg Mem`m* Qgfqlg fd tm~`fr g{ej`b f~ò`jr, mkfq{gk `j ifr{ ^fimj b`{`xgjre`q*Nr`jgrr {em{ n`jk qf~{ Bf~`j{e w`{e mll {eg Igk`{g~~mjgmj, ~gmbe`jo Md~`bm mjk Mr`m,m{{~mb{`jo {~mkg~r d~fi mll jm{`fjr, o`t`jo {eg b`{p m bfrifqfl`{mj bem~mb{g~* Egn~gwbfiij`{p `j Bf~`j{e wmr tg~p ~`begr{* Mjk eg~g, gtg~p Rmnnm{e {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjrm~fjk Qml wgj{ {f e`r rpjmofog* [egp bfiigj{ {foeg{g~ fd [f~me {gu{r, {~p`jo {fqg~rmkg {egi {e~foe {eg`~ k`rbf~rg `r {em{ Hgrr /Igrrm`me/ q~fqegrp mjk guqgb{gk

em~n`jog~ fd @rm`me* @j wem{ bfjbg~jr {egi {eg O~ggcr mjk {efrg fd f{eg~ ~mbgr, Qml {gbe{egi mb}m`j{gk w`{e {eg Lmw fd Ifrgr, o`t`jo {egi lòe{ mjk cjfwlgkog bfj{m`jgk `j {egOfrqgl fd Hgrr* Be`gd ^mnn` fd rpjmofog, B~`rqr, wmr nmq{`xgk* Ifr{ Hgwr wg~gi`r{~r{dlS>Y [eg O~ggcr wg~g rbe xgmlfr df~gòj gtmjogl`xg* [egj fjg kmp, `j ~grqfjrgS=Y Eg~g Qml rgr {eg rmig m~oigj{ fd /Flk [gr{migj{/ efw R{* R{gqegj kgmbfj `j {eg lmr{rqggbe ngdf~g e`r kgm{e8 /Egmtgj `r ip nfkp mjk {eg gm~{e `r m{ ip dgg{, wem{ efrg pf

n`lk, we`be w`ll qlmbg Ip ~gr{6 @r jf{ ip emjk @ k`k mll {e`r6 %Mb{r q*?*71*S>Y _`{ef{ ng`jo igj{`fjgk np Lcg, m imhf~ im{{g~ fd Hgw`re i`r{~r{dl `{ wmr b~frr`jo{eg rmig ~glò`fj w`{e ofì` %qmomjr* _em{ {eg f~k`jm~p Hgw, weg{eg~ ~`be f~ qff~, `{igmj{ {f wm`tg {eg m{{~`n{g /rfj fd {eg Befrgj Qgfqlg/, we`be wmr rf q~fk* [eg jm{~mlbfjtg~r`fj fd {eg Hgwr mjk jfj Hgwr `j m qlmbg fd Be~`r{`mj bfjtg~{`jo im~o`j jm~~fwrmifjo Egn~gw* N{ *** eg wmr megmk, gtgj `d qm`jdl df~ Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr* [egp wg~g

mwm~g fd {eg r{~gjo{e fd {eg Hgwr ~gqk`m{`fj fd {eg /mqfr{m{g/* Rf ibe mki`~gk df~ {eg`~rmb~`d`bg fd qg~rfjml mjk rfb`ml imhf~ kfjg {f {eg`~ dm`{e {f {eg Lf~k Hgrr*

;;


46/105

;;

{f mnrg `j {{g~ igg{`jo rpjmofog, Qml {gm~ {eg blf{egr {f~j fdd eì mjk rm`k8/_eg{eg~ pf~ nlffk {f dmll fj pf~ egmkr- @j ig m~g q~g, mjk mlrf w`ll of {f qmomjr /%Mb{rq*=5*4**.Ogr{~g k`r~q{`fj blf{egr m~g `j {eg {~mk`{`fj fd Egn~gw grf{g~`b ~flg, IM^C@JO M

N^GMC* Fjg fd {eg kggq k`rbfj{gj{ {em{ kfgr* [eg guq~grr`fj /PFW^ NLFFK [F DMLLFJ PFW^ EGMKR-/ @r jf{ m ig~g {e~gm{ f~ mj `jtfbm{`fj fd ~gtgjog* Ig{mqef~ `r k`t`jgqj`reigj{8 [F QWJ@RE PFW^RGLD*If~gftg~, np {eg gjk fd e`r kmpr, Qml w`ll bfj{`jg {f gtmjogl`xg {eg Egn~gw mom`jr{qrpbefr`r b~gm{gk np bl{ dmjm{`br ifrm`b, weg~g gtg~pweg~g eg m~~`tg* [eg `jb`kgj{~gqf~{gk mnftg qlmpr {eg {~mo`b r`kg fd I`rr`fjm~p Hgwr mjk Be~`r{`mjr `j ogjg~ml fd mll {eg

Qml`mj kìgjr`fj fd eimj km{i ~gom~klgrr fd ~mbg f~ ~glò`fj fd {eg Hgw`re {~`ng we`bef~ò`jm{gk* [eg~gdf~g {eg r{~oolg ng{wggj fdd`b`mlr mjk bfiij`{p mjk ~glò`fr ifrm`b fdHgwr mjk {eg Be~`r{`mjr, blfrglp m~fjk {eg mqfr{lgr wmr `~~gbfjb`lmnlg* Fjbg f{ fd {eg/rfjr fd @r~mgl/, Be~`r{`mj`{p jf lfjog~ bfjr{`{{gk m kmjog~ {f ifrm`b Hgwr* Kfwj {e~foe{eg bgj{~`gr {em{ dfllfwgk, rbeflm~r, kfb{f~r, {~gmr~g~, g{b wg~g `j mj `jd~mr{~b{~g df~bffqg~m{`fj w`{e {eg be~be mjk Be~`r{`mj `jr{`{{`fjr* N{ jf{ w`{e {eg Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr*Mjk jfw {em{ bfjbg~j {egi, w`{ef{ em{~gk fd mjb`gj{ Hgw* N{ jfw, {eg }gr{`fj qfrg npfjg Hgw l`cg8 /wem{ kfgr {em{ igmj6/* M c`jk fd *** r{~p{m)bmigl, mjk jf{ nlmigdl mr qgfqlg,mjk dm`{e* @d mjk wegj Ofk wmj{r pf, f~ i`jkr, fd f~ r~t`tf~r w`ll {f blm~`dp f{eg~w`rg*[EG IG^@[ FD EGN^G_ BE^@R[@MJR [EGJ _MR [F EMTG EGN^G_ [GJMB@[PMJK NGL@GDR @J HGRWR [F NGO@J ^FMK FD BE^@R[@MJ@[P* @{ `r m dmb{, gtgj `d `{ `rkgj`gk f~ rnlìm{g*. @j {eg rq~`jo fd 7> Hgwr efr{`lg {f Qml `r of`jo {f dmbg {~`ml q~fbfjrl fd Mem`m, Oml`fj,m~o`jo {em{ `{ wflk ng q~gmbegk `j {eg rpjmofog mom`jr{ {eg Ifrm`b Lmw* Qml emr of{ {f

;7


47/105

;7

kgdgjk* ^fimj fdd`b`ml `rrg rmp`jo8/@d `{ `r m dglfjp f~ m w~fjokf`jo, @ emtg ~gbg`tgk, Hkgm, mr ~gmrfjmnlg bfiqlm`j{* N{ngbmrg `{ `r bemllgjo`jo wf~kr mjk jmig `j pf~ fwj lmw, wg r{`ll rgg pf- Lg{ ig ng {eg

hkog `j {e`r bmrg ~gdrg- /%Mb{r q*=5*=;**

Mll {egp bflk imcg {egi mjo~p wmr {f eì m kgtf{gg fd Qml, Rfr{gjg %m ~mnn` {~jgk {fBe~`r{`mj`{p mjk ngm{ eì ngdf~g {eg bf~{ n`lk`jo* Fj bfiqlg{`fj fd {eg i`rr`fj fdBf~`j{e, Qml/r o~fq iftgk {fwm~k {eg qlmbg fd kgqm~{~g8 Mj{`fbe* Fj {eg wmp {egp r{fqm{ Gqegrr* [e`r `r r~~fjkgk np {eg lftg fd Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr, we`be eg q~mpr {f ~gim`j*Qml q~fi`rgr {em{ `{ w`ll ~g{~j*. [er {eg gjk fd e`r {wf i`rr`fj mifjo {eg /qmomjr/* @{ jf{gk {em{ {eg glgb{`fj

gjt`~fjigj{ wmr ngjgd`b`ml O~ggc mr m d`~r{ r{gq {fwm~kr rqmbg f{r`kg Hgw`re* Ròj`d`bmj{ `r{eg dmb{ {em{ {e`r /{g~~`{f~`ml bfj}gr{ / wmr kfjg `j mnf{ {wf pgm~r, w`{ef{ m~ir, w`{ef{{eg df~bg fd m ~glò`fr flòm~be`gr r`xg fd {eg ifrm`b `j {eg nmbc, f~ efw {eg i`l`{m~p wmr {eg^fimj Giq`~g* [em{/r RFIG[E@JO {em{ Qml ifn`l`xg8 ngl`gd r{~gjo{e, rq`~`{ml r{~gjo{e,{eg dmb{r fd `{r ngjgd`{r* Jig~`bml r`xg mjk }ml`{p fd bfjtg~r`fj, gtgj mifjo {eg Hgwr, lgk{efrg wef wmj{gk {eg c`ll`jo i`rr`fjm~p {f ng if~g bm~gdl `j {eg q~mb{`bg fd lpjbe`jo `j

qnl`b* @{ wmr m qg~`fk fd dlf~`re`jo bfiij`{`gr Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr f{r`kg Hkggm* Emkom`jgk, df~ gumiqlg, mll Hgw`re bfiij`{`gr ~gbg`tgr m`k rgj{ Nm~jmng mjk Qml `j {ìg fddmi`jg `j Hkgm %;4 ) ;5, weg~g f{eg~ rf~bgr ;5)71* Mb{mllp {eg ~gml gjgi`gr fd {eg dm`{ewg kf jf{ epr{g~`bml Hgwr wef wg~g c`ll fj {eg`~ Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr f{r`kg {eg bmr{lg {fr{fjg eì, NW[ _EF, [EGJ MR JF_, EMJKL@JO M RG[ Fd GIF[@FJMLR[MJK@JO NG[_GGJ [EG QGFQLG, DF^ [EG IFIGJ[R FD F^KGML*

;4


48/105

;4

. @ w`ll `llr{~m{g w`{e {eg qe~mrg /Ngl`gtg mjk kf jf{ lffc/* [eg rqqf~{g~r fd {eggjlòe{gjigj{ {~gm{gk mr mj gjo`jg òjf~mjbg* [eg Be~`r{`mj djkmigj{ml`r{r mr if{`tm{`fjw`{ef{ rnhgb{`jo bfjk`{`fjr* Df~ ig {em{ igmjr {eg rq`~`{ mjk eimj kgr{`jp `j {eg emjkrfd Ofk8 Dm`{e `j eì ~glgmrgk d~fi {eg r{~grr pf {ff imjp }gr{`fjr mjk jbg~{m`j{`gr

~glm{gk {f pf~ kgr{`jp* [e~gg t`gwr8 {wf ogjg~m{f~r mjk gif{`fjml bfj{~mk`b{`fjr`~~g{~`gtmnlp* M {e~gg){f m /rìqlg/ we`be mjpwmp `r jf{ jf em~i jf Gjlòe{gjigj{djkmigj{ml`r{r* @j {e`r rgjrg {gll pf {eg wf~kr fd m ifjc d~fi Ifj{ M{efr, {eg b~mklg fdBe~`r{`mj grf{g~`b* Eg emk {eg k~gmi, {eg t`r`fj fd ~jj`jo e`r l`dg l`cg m ift`g fj {egnmbco~fjk fd {eg mx~g Igk`{g~~mjgmj Rgm* Lffc`jo kfwj {eg ngmbe {f rgg {~mbgr fd r{gqr8{wf qm`~r `j {eg offk {ìgr ~òe{, m bfqlg fd r{gqr `j {eg k`dd`bl{ ifigj{r* Eg cjgw {em{ m

qm`~ fd {wf)r{gqr fd Hgrr wmr* Ifjc `r mkk~grrgk8/Ofk, `j k`dd`bl{ ifigj{r {em{ lgmtg ig6 .[eg mjrwg~ bfigr ìigk`m{glp8 /@j {foe {ìgr @ wgj{ `j ip m~ir-*

B*@@@*7* BE^@R[@MJ @J@[@M[@FJ @J GDGR RBEFFLMd{g~ m ref~{ r{mp `j Mj{`fbe, Qml `r ~g{~jgk m{ Gqegrr* Eg~g eg w`ll `j`{`m{g mkgq{r `j {egBe~`r{`mj grf{g~`b ipr{g~`gr df~ {e~gg pgm~r* [eg~g w`ll ng `j`{`m{gk, mifjo f{eg~r Mqfllf fdMlgumjk~`m mjk Gqmd~mr* [egp w`ll ng rgj{ {f gtmjogl`xg mjk q~gmbe {eg Bflfrggjr `jLmfk`bì mjk E`g~fqfl`r*. [~m`j`jo wmr `j{gjr`tg* @{ {mcgr ng{wggj glgtgj rù{ggj ef~r m kmp* _g~g `jblkgk `jnf{e {eg `j`{`m{`fj ifrm`b rmb~gk {gu{r, mjk {eg Ofrqgl fd Hgrr* K`rb`qlgr wg~g ~gmkp {f dmbgm k`rbrr`fj fd {eg [f~me {gu{, f~ {f ~grqfjk {f }gr{`fjr fd q~`gr{r f~ qe`lfrfqeg~r m{eg`r{f~ qflp{eg`r{* M{ {eg gjk fd {eg {~m`j`jo o~mj{ Qml glgb{gk np o~mbg {e~foe dm`{e mjkq~ftgk nmq{`ri np {eg Eflp Rq`~`{, we`be `jtgr{gk fj {eg fjg w`{e {eg o`d{ {f ~gbftg~*

;?


49/105

;?

F{eg~r emtg {~`gk {f kf {eg rmig* Mb{mllp q~mb{`bg guf~b`ri, {eg flk {~mk`{`fjr emtg qgfqlgHgw* [efrg wef {~`gk wg~g rgtgj rfjr fd ^mnn` Rbgtm* N{ {eg`~ I`~mblgr wg~g jf{ kfjg,ml{efoe {egp emtg ~gl`gk fj Hgrr* [egp wg~g ngm{gj mjk fr{gk {efrg wef emtg bmllgk{egi* R{~gjo{e mqfr{lgr imkg imjp q~`gr{r fd bl{ ofk Mqfllf {f of mlfjo w`{e {eg b`{`xgjr

wefi {egp regqeg~k, {f Be~`r{`mj`{p*Qml w~`{gr `j {e`r qg~`fk Gq`r{lgr {f Bf~gj{ggjr, {f Omlm{ggjr %{wf fd {f D`l`qggjr*Kgqm~{~g d~fi Bf~`j{e wmr im~cgk np mj `jb`kgj{* Hgw Kgig{~`r, m ~`be Hgwglg~ mjkn`lkg~ qmomj {giqlg, `jb`{g {eg wf~cg~r mom`jr{ Egn~gw Be~`r{`mjr ngbmrg {egp {mcg {egn~gmk d~fi {eg`~ if{er* Np bfjtg~{`jo qmomjr dmllgj k~mr{`bm

Documents

Hebrew Christians Fight Beginings for the Gospel of Jesus 2011