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HEAVY METAL CONTENT OFHEAVY METAL CONTENT OFEUROPEAN SOILSEUROPEAN SOILS
A RESEARCH PROJECTA RESEARCH PROJECT
Europe-wide evaluation of existing databases fortrace element (heavy metal) and organic matter
contents in soils
Heinrich Langenkamp JRC IspraHeinrich Langenkamp JRC IspraHeinrich Langenkamp JRC IspraHeinrich Langenkamp JRC Ispra
HEAVY METAL IN EUROPEAN SOILSHEAVY METAL IN EUROPEAN SOILSIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working groupIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working groupIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working groupIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working group
The document was elaborated with the following partners:The document was elaborated with the following partners:The document was elaborated with the following partners:The document was elaborated with the following partners:
�Denmark Henrik Breuning-Madsen�France Denise Baize�Germany Jens Utermann�United Kingdom Peter J. Loveland
Project co-ordination: Soil and Waste UnitEuropean Soil BureauH. Langenkamp
Standards to be developed forStandards to be developed forSoil, sludge and treated Bio-wasteSoil, sludge and treated Bio-waste
AOX Halogenated compoundsLAS Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (detergents)DEHP Phthalate (plastisizers)NPE Nonylphenols (detergents)PCDD/F Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxine/Furane
also research into pathogens will be needed:
Salmonella senftenberg W775Escherichia coliClostridium perfringensGerminating weed seeds
Heavy Metal and organic Matter Contents inHeavy Metal and organic Matter Contents inEuropean Soils in the 15 Member StatesEuropean Soils in the 15 Member States
Progress reportProgress reportData elaborationand Reporting: BGR
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
O. DüwelJ. Utermann
Project co-ordination: Soil and Waste UnitEuropean Soil Bureau
H. Langenkamp
Use of Spatial information about Trace ElementUse of Spatial information about Trace ElementContents Contents in European Soils European Soils
�Identify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanIdentify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanIdentify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanIdentify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeDirective 86/278/CEEDirective 86/278/CEEDirective 86/278/CEEDirective 86/278/CEE
�Compile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilCompile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilCompile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilCompile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilprotection policy for Europeprotection policy for Europeprotection policy for Europeprotection policy for Europe
Objectives of the studyObjectives of the study
- to make available the best information on heavy metal and organic matter contents in European agricultural soils
➨ data request + documentation sheet- to evaluate and provide an overview of heavy metal and
organic matter contents in European agricultural soils ➨ set of outline maps, identify areas or regions with
data gaps - to establish a basis for discussion how to evaluate data on heavy
metals in agricultural soils ➨ classes of reference: soil pH; soil texture; land use; soil
parent material
Concept for a �Concept for a �Concept for a �Concept for a �ShortShortShortShort Term Action� Term Action� Term Action� Term Action�
1. Improve the knowledge about suitable databases, use of existingdatabases2. Standardization of data to be analyzed� Sampling methods� Digestion methods3. Map of soil parent material (Geographical database)4. Map of main land use5. Illustration of data sets by individual countries6. Comparison between different countries
Heavy Metal (Trace Elements) and Organic Carbon Contents in European SoilsDetails of the person who filled in the documentation sheet:
Institute/Country:Name:Position in the Institute:Address:Phone: Fax: e-mail:
Description of the data setLand use
Arable (cultivated ) land (managed) grassland forest other (urban etc.)
Please give a brief definition of the respective land use units:
General characteristic ofthe soil samples
Geographical locations deliverable: Yes No Accuracy:
Kind of samplingSampling strategy
RandomGridgrid distance:Nested Sampling
Otherplease specify:
Soil horizon please specify:
Depth increment please specify:
Single coreMixed coreNumber of cores:
Soil type/Soil parent material
Soil type:Information available please specify nomenclature:
Source of information:
Map (kind of map, scale)
Profile description
Soil parent material:Information available please specify nomenclature:
Source of information:
Map (kind of map, scale)
Profile description
Additional soil parameter Soil pHpH (H2O) pH (KCl) pH (CaCl2)
Analytical resultplease specify analytical method (standard, solid : liquid ratio):
Estimationplease specify (e.g. target pH-values, maps):
Soil textureAnalytical results
Profile description
Please specify the nomenclature for classifying soil texture:
(If soil texture is classified according to national nomenclature pleaseattach a soil texture diagram or give information about the ranges of masscontents for the three main components sand, silt and clay)
Additional soil parameter Soil organic matter
Analytical results
please specify analytical method (standard, digestion method):
Profile description
International standard please specify:
National standard or other
please describe in detail:
Digestion method(s) fordetermination of traceelements
Please give information of the detection limits in [mg/kg dry mass]; As: Cd: Cr:
Cu: Hg: Mo: Ni: Pb: Se:
Zn:
Statistical Evaluation of the data setsHarmonisation of the data
setsIf individual data sets refer to different analytical methods, does the evaluation take into account these differences (e.g. by correction factors orfunctions)
Yes NoIf Yes, please specify:
Do the data sets include samples from contaminated sites?
YesNo
If Yes, are these samples eliminated before data evaluation?
YesNo
If Yes, please specify how contaminated samples were identified:
Short Term Action - Phase II:Documentation Sheet
Description of the data set -General characteristic of the soil samples
Sampling strategy; Soil type/Soil parent material; Additional soil parameter
Digestion method(s) fordetermination of trace elements
Statistical Evaluation of the data sets -Harmonisation of the data sets
Current status
Preliminary evaluations for 4member states (phase I)
Distribution of �data availabilityrequest� to 15 EU states
Evaluation of returnedquestionnaires:
Currently general information(varying quality and quantity)for 11 + 1 European countries http://europa.eu.int
✔
✔
Short Term Action - Phase II:
Finland
Irish Republic
Belgium (Flanders)
<10 mg /kg10-20 mg /kg20-30 mg /kg
40-50 mg /kg>50 mg /kg
30-40 mg /kg
Classes of Cu content(mg/kg)
No EU countries
Map legend:
Towards a geographical coverage - A set of outline maps
Short Term Action - Phase II:
Part II:Heavy metal contentsreferred to soil units of theEuropean Soil Data Base(exemplary visualisationof Cu (mg/kg),50. percentile value (median))
Czech Republic<10 mg /kg10-20 mg /kg20-30 mg /kg
40-50 mg /kg>50 mg /kg
30-40 mg /kg
Classes of Cu content(mg/kg)
No EU countries
Map legend:
Germany
Towards a geographical coverage - A set of outline maps
Short Term Action - Phase II:
Part III:Heavy metal contentsreferred to parent material(Mat units of the EuropeanSoil Data Base)(exemplary visualisationof Cu (mg/kg),50. percentile value (median))
Short Term Action - Phase II:
Example Austria
Evaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pH
� England/Wales and France pH based on water(gives higher pH values)
�Germany and Denmark pH based solutions of 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 or 1mol/l KCl (gives lower pH values)
Summary of the Country-wide available DataSummary of the Country-wide available Datain the 4 Member Statesin the 4 Member States
Country All Data Land use Soil parentMaterial
Soil pHClasses
Soil textureclasses
Denmark Yes Yes No Yes Yes
England/Wales
Yes No No Yes Yes
France Yes No data forgrassland
No Yes Yes
Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes/No datafor grassland
Yes
Characterization of the data setsCharacterization of the data setsCountry Sampling
strategy(small scale)
Georeferencedsampling
Elimination ofcontaminated
samples
Digestionprocedure
Denmark Grid sampling Yes No 50 % HNO3
France Randomsampling
Not all No Aqua RegiaHF/HCLO4
Germany Random/GridSampling
Yes Yes Aqua RegiaHF/HCLO4
England/Wales
Grid Sampling Yes No Aqua Regia
Summary of the preliminary EvaluationSummary of the preliminary EvaluationSummary of the preliminary EvaluationSummary of the preliminary Evaluation
1. From the results obtained it is obvious that at thepresent stage of data harmonization, a qualifiedcomparison of data in Europe is not yet possible.
2. Country specific evaluations are possible to a certainextent.
3. Europe-wide data collection about heavy metal andorganic matter content for all 15 Member States and theaccession countries is under way.
Conclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workEurope-wide harmonization is requested in:Europe-wide harmonization is requested in:Europe-wide harmonization is requested in:Europe-wide harmonization is requested in:�to find an agreement on a common measurement procedurefor pH�to find an agreement on common analytical methods for heavymetal analysis and digestion�to find an agreement to apply Europe-wide sampling strategy�to find an agreement for the elimination of contaminated soilsamples�to find an agreement on criteria to ensure a minimum level ofspatial coverage
Conclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation work
Europe-wide evaluation in:Europe-wide evaluation in:Europe-wide evaluation in:Europe-wide evaluation in:
�Soil parent material, using Geographical data in Europe
�Land use units, based on CORINE land cover
�Soil texture classes, based on FAO reference data base
Workshop: Harmonization of sampling and analysis for heavy metalsorganic pollutants and pathogens in soil and sludge
Working groups on current ISO, CEN and national standardsA1) Sampling methods for soil S. Nortcliff ISO/TC 190A2) Sampling methods for Sludge T. White ISO/TC 147B1) Methods for pH, dry matter P. Jennische ISO/TC 190organic matter, nutrientsB2) Methods for pathogens M. De Roubin CEN/TC 308 and micro-organismsC1) Sample preparation ,extraction, P. Gomez ISO/TC 190methods for heavy metals and nutrientsC2) Sample preparation, extraction, R. Leschber CEN/TC 308organic compounds
Overall Conclusions of the workshopOverall Conclusions of the workshopOverall Conclusions of the workshopOverall Conclusions of the workshop
Horizontal approach in standardisation work in Europe
is urgently required
Development of horizontal standards forimplementation of EU Directives on sludge,
soil and treated biowasteResearch & Development Project
within the 5th Framework ProgrammeQuality of Life and Management of Living Resources
Action 5.4: �Support for Common policies � Development of methods of control and surveillance and protection. Pre-
legislative research designed to provide a scientificbasis for Community legislation�
Prepared by ECN (NL), Vivendi (F), DHI (DK),University of Reading (UK), JRC Ispra
TUHH (D), DIN (D)
In close co-ordination with CEN TC 308, CEN TC 223,CEN TC 230, CEN TC 260, CEN TC 292, ISO TC 190,
ISO TC 147, CEN TC 335 and CEN CMC.
With support from UBA (D), ADEME (F), ESART (UK),VROM (NL), BMLWU (A), DHI (DK..
Main Objective of the WorkDevelopment of horizontal and harmonizedEuropean standards in the fields of sewage sludge,soil, contaminated soil and treated bio-wastes tofacilitate regulation of these major streams in thelight of the differing uses and disposal options thatare governed by EU Directives.
PROJECT TEAM
WP 2 Sampling/Pretreatment
WP 4 Biological Parameters
WP 3 Hygienic Parameters
WP 5 OrganicContaminants
Steering Committee
EU DGResearch
CENTC 230 CEN TC260 CEN TC 292 CEN TC308
ISO TC 190
MC�sCo-financing
CEN CS
TC = CEN Technical Committee
MC = Member Country (EU)
EU DG Research ISOTC147 CEN TC 223
Project organisation
Technical andstrategic issues
Financial / contractual issues
MC�sCo-financing
ENV TCChairman &secr. Coord.
Draft EN�s
WP 6 Inorganic parameters
WP 7 MechanicalProperties
WP 8 Leaching tests
WP 9 Data handling and interpretation
WP 1 Sample collection
and preparation
WP 10 Project Management
CEN TC335
Proposed Materials to be studied� Sludge material:
� Wet sewage sludge, part a) de-watered sludge, part b) liquid fraction� Air-dried sewage sludge (same plant as the wet sewage sludge)� Wet water works sludge from the drinking water industry� De-watered water works sludge (same plant as 3)� Sludge from the paper and pulp industry� Lime-stabilised sludge� Synthetic Sludge (specification will be given by work package 6)
� Compost material:� Mixed biowaste including gardening and household-derived biowaste
� Sewage sludge treated soils:� Organic rich, low clay content soil� Calcareous, low organic content soil� Clay rich, low organic and high iron content soil� Coarse textured (low clay content) low organic content soil
Parameter Soil Sludge Treated Biowaste Waste Fertilizers1)Sampling ISO/DIS 10381-1
ISO/DIS 10381-4EN/ISO5667-13
EN 12579 5 WICEN TC 292292001/002/017/18/19
EN 1482
pH ISO 10390 EN 12176 EN 13037 ENV12506:2000(EN)
Dry matter ISO 11465:1993ISO/WD 16720
EN 12880* EN 13039 WI 292014
Organic matter ISO 10694ISO 14235:1998
EN 12879* EN 13039 prEN 13137
Pseudo-total nitrogen(Kjeldahl, Dumas, etc)
ISO 11261ISO 13878
EN 13342* prEN 13654 parts 1& 2
Ammonium-nitrogen ISO 14255ISO/DIS 14256-1,2
WI 308012 prEN 13654 parts 1& 2
prEN 13370
Aqua regia extractionof trace elements
ISO 11466 EN 13346 prEN 13650 prEN 13657
Determination of traceelements
ISO 11047,ISO/CD 16772EN ISO 11885EN 1483EN ISO 11969
ENV 12506(EN)
EN 13366EN 13368-1EN 13368-2
PAH ISO 13877ISO/WD 18287
[ISO13877]
[ISO 13877]
PCB ISO/DIS 10382 [CD10382]WI 308046
[CD 10382] WI 292028
List 1 Horizontal standards for subjects where several standards already exist
Parameter Soil Sludge Treated Biowaste Waste Fertilizers1)
Bulk density ISO 11272:1998 EN 12580 EN 1236EN 1237EN ISO 7837
Electrical conductivity ISO 1126:1994 EN 13038 prEN 13370
Nitrate-nitrogen ISO 14255ISO 14256 -1,2
WI 308013
Pseudo-totalphosphorus
EN 13346 prEN 13650
Bicarbonateextractable P
ISO 11263:1994
Potassium prEN 13650
Secondary nutrients µ-nutrients
EN 13346 prEN 13650 ??WI 292007 EN 12946EN 12947prEN 13475
C:N ratio
Impurities (plastic,glass, etc.)Dynamic respirationindex
[ASTM D 5975-96]
Respiration activityafter 4 days
List 2 Horizontal standards for subjects where standards have not yet been published
Parameter Soil Sludge Treated Biowaste Waste Fertilizers1)
Salmonellasenftenberg W775
WI 308049
Salmonella spp. WI 308049
Escherichia coliWI 308048
ClostridiumperfringensGerminating weedseeds
[ÖNORM S 2023]
AOX [ISO15009]WI 308047
prEN 13370(EN)
LAS
DEHP
NPE
PCCD/F
LeachingCompliance
ISO/WI xxxxx PrEN 12457Parts 1-4
LeachingCharacterization
ISO/WI xxxxxx WI 292032WI 292034WI 292033WI 292035
List 2 Horizontal standards for subjects where standards have not yet been published
NAME Country ROLE IN CEN OR ISO TC, SC OR WG
Hans van der Sloot NL Convenor of CEN/TC 292 WG 6 BasicCharacterization of LeachingCEN TC 292 WG 2 Leaching testsCEN TC 292 Characterization of WasteConvenor of ISO TC 190 SC7 WG 6 Leaching
Heinrich Langenkamp I
Marie - Renee de Roubin F CEN TC 308 WG 1 TG5
Tim Evans UK Chairman of CEN TC 223 Soil improvers &growing mediaConvenor CEN TC 308 WG3 Characterisationof sludges
Reimar Leschber D Convenor CEN/TC/W G1 �sludgecharacterization methodsConvenor CEN/TC/W/TG 4: �Organic micropollutantsChairman ISO/TC/90/SC 3: �Soil quality,chemical analysisConvenor ISO/TC/90/SC3/WG 9: �Pre-treatment�Liaison officer CEN/TC 308-ISO/TC 190 viceversaLiaison officer CEN/TC 308-TC 292Liaison officer CEN/TC 308-ISO/TC 147/SC 6(Water quality, sampling).
Bill Keevil UK CEN TC 308/WG1/TG5
Knut Wichmann D CEN TC 308 WG2
NAME Country ROLE IN CEN OR ISO TC, SC OR WG
Clive Thompson UK CEN TC308/WG1 and TG1, TG2 and TG5CEN TC230/WG1 and TG7, TG8 TG9and TG 12ISO TC147/SC2 and WG1, WG10(Convenor),WG32, WG33 WG38, WG41ISO TC190/SC3 and WG1 WG4(Convenor),WG6, WG7, WG9ISO TC190/SC7/WG3
David Benanou F CEN TC308/WG1/TG4
Tin Win D ISO/TC 190 SC3/WG 6 and WG 7
Norbert Thomas Litz D ISO TC 190 SC 7 WG 2CEN TC 308 WG 1CEN TC 308 WG 1 TG 2CEN TC 308 WG 1 TG 4
Nis Hansen DK CEN/TC 308/WG 1 and ISO/TC 190
Per Jennische S ISO/TC 190 SC 3
Monica Kisser A Convenor CEN TC 292 WG 3
O. Hjelmar DK CEN TC 292 WG 6 Basic characterizationCEN TC 292 WG 2 Leaching testsCEN TC 292ISO TC 190 SC7 WG6 Leaching
B Cooper UK CEN TC 308
Paolo Battistoni I CEN TC 308 WG 2
CEN CMC, Brussels 1-10-2001
Participation of Consortium Members in CEN and ISO Bodies
CEN TC �..