ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

Heavy Ion Therapy

Treatment Planning System

PHITS - Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System

Lembit SihverChalmers University of Technology, Sweden

University of Houston, Houston, TX, USATexas A&M University, TX, USA

Roanoke College, VA, USAPractical Physics Solutions, LLC, TX, USA

Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

Space DosimetryNuclear Power/Accelerators

Dose in the atmosphere, ISS and deep spaceDesign of Shielding

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

Chalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

Nuclear Science and Engineering Research Group

Main Research Areas Fuel and Control Rod Integrity Management for LWR

Reactions & transport of ionizing particles

Radiation therapy Shielding calculations Dosimetry in space Dose estimations at aviation altitudes Development of particle & heavy ion transport codes

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

CapabilityTransport and collision of “all” particles with wide energy

range in 3D phase space with magnetic field & gravity

neutron, proton, meson, baryon electron photon, nucleus

from thermal up to ~ 200 GeV/u

Application Fields

Accelerator Design Radiation Therapy Space Application

Development

JAEA (Japan), KEK (Japan), Chalmers Univ. Tech. (Sweden)Dr. Niita of RIST (Japan)

3Chalmers

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code SystemPHITS

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

The best with PHITS is

CapabilityTransport and collision of “all” particles with wide energy range in 3D phase space with magnetic field & gravity

neutron, proton, meson, baryon electron, photon, nucleus

from thermal up to ~ 200 GeV/u

KEK

JAEA & RIST(same site)

ChalmersUniversity ofTechnology

Very Nice and Friendly Developers!!

Koji Norihiro Yosuke Hiroshi Tatsuhiko Hiroshi Yukio Lembit Niita Matsuda Iwamoto Iwase Sato Nakashima Sakamoto Sihver

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code SystemPHITS

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

User Interfaces of PHITS Input file

Free format with user defined variables and formulaYou do not have to change the source files of PHITS !

GeometryGG or CG2D and 3D viewers (ANGEL)SimpleGEO*

Tally functionsTrack length, Heat, Yield, DPA, Production, LET distribution etc.

Output DataText data, histograms, contour maps

* GUI-based software originally for FLUKA, http://theis.web.cern.ch/theis/simplegeo/

2D viewer 3D viewer SimpleGEO

PlatformsWindows (JAVA application) and Linux (Console)

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering 6

Map of Models Used in PHITS

　　　　 Ionization

　　　　 SPAR or ATIMA

NeutronOther hadrons（ proton, p

etc. ）Nucleus Electron

Positron

Quantum Molecular Dynamics:

JQMD+

EvaporationGEM

Intra-NuclearCascade model: JAM

(or Bertini, JQMD)+

Evaporation & Fission: GEM

Nuclear data library

JENDL-4.0

Muon

Electro-atomic data

library(option)

Photo-atomic data

library

Photon

200 GeV 100 GeV/n

20 MeV

10-4 eV

1 MeV

1 keV

10 MeV/n

100 GeV

1 GeV

1 keV 1 keV

Photo-nuclear

20 MeV

Low

　←

　E

nerg

y　

→　

Hig

h FUTURE PLANEGS5 and

high-energyphoto-nuclear reaction model

Event generator mode:determine all the ejectiles emitted from neutron interactions event by event

Microdosimetric function

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

Shielding of all Beam Lines at J-PARCJapan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

Nuclear and Particle PhysicsExperimental FacilityMaterials and Life Science

Experimental Facility

Neutrino to Kamiokande

Linac(350m) 3 GeV Synchrotron(25 Hz, 1MW)

Nuclear Transmutation

50 GeV Synchrotron(0.75 MW)

Constructed under joint project of JAEA and KEK in Tokai-mura

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

8

32 neutron beam lines in material and life science facility

Shielding Design around Neutron Beam Line

Heat distribution calculated by PHITS

1MW Spallation Target Station

Duct source option• Source generation program specialized for shielding design of long beam lines• “Weight” of each source particle is automatically adjusted • obtain good statistics within reasonable computational time in whole area

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

Proton

Moderators

Hg target

t = 0 nsec t = 2 nsec t = 4 nsec t = 10 nsec t = 100 nsec t = 1000 nsec

Moderators Hg target

Fe reflectorBe reflector

Estimation of Heat around targetGeometry around Hg target

9

Shielding Design around Spallation Target

M. Harada et al. J. Nucl. Material 343, 197 (2005)

Proton windowNeutron window

Neutron window

　　　 Energy Deposition 　　

ChalmersChalmers Nuclear Science and Engineering

What can Sihver contribute with for the ESS project WP#3 and 11

Nearly 30 years of experiences with nuclear chemistry, nuclear physics,

material science and various applications of these sciences. Long experience of gamma spectroscopy, heavy ion experiments, gamma

spectroscopic analysis of accelerator based fragmentation experiments,

and development of gamma spectroscopic measurements systems. PhD thesis at the department of neutron research, Uppsala University. 20 years of experiences of development, improvements and benchmarking

of deterministic and Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport codes. A extremely wide network and collaborations with Japanese scientists at

JAEA, NIRS, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Waseda

University., JAXA, RIKEN, etc. A passionate interest for the construction of ESS and all possible experiments

which can be performed at ESS.