Heavy Element Research at Dubna (current status and future trends) Yuri Oganessian Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Heavy Element Research at Dubna (current status and future trends)

Yuri Oganessian

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear ReactionsJoint Institute for Nuclear Research

Dubna, Moscow region, Russian Federation

Talk at the CCAST Workshop on "Isospin Physics and Nuclear Liquid-Gas Phase Transtion" August 18-21, 2005, Beijing, China

10m

0

Cyclotronk=550

Cyclotronk=600

MicrotronEe=25 MeV

Low energy RIB-line

4π-arrayFOBOS

FragmentseparatorCOMBAS

Mass-separatorMASHA

High resolutionRIB-line

Gas-filled recoilseparator

Energy selector of the recoiling nuclei + electron & γ-array

Also radiochemical Lab.and applied research Lab’s

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactionsof the Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchFlerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions

of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

How many chemical elements can exist?

nucleus

electrons

Z

E. Rutherford (1932)According to QED such an atomic

structure is valid for very heavy atoms with Z~170 or even more

…but the limit of existence of elements is reached much earlier because of instability

of the nucleus itself

Transuranium Elemens

StableElemens

Sea of Instability

208Pb

238 9U (10 y)

277112 (0.2 ms)

10 20 30 40

Neutron number

Pro

ton

num

ber

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

14

-2

-6

6

10

2

CHART OF THE NUCLIDES LogT (sec)

1/2

β--decay

electron captureor β+-decay

α-decayspontaneous

fission

Yu. Oganessian.. CCAST Workshop. August 19-21, 2005, Beijing, China

CCAST Workshop

0

5

10

9 2U

9 8C f

Pote

ntia

l ene

rgy

(in

MeV

)

D e fo rm a tion

L iq u id D ropM o de l

Z = 1 08

101 6

years

G. Flerov and K. PetrjzakLeningrad 1940

N. Bohr and J.A. Wheeler (1939)

-20

UP u

C mC f

F m

2 0

1 0

-10

0 .8 0

n eu tron c ap tu re

0 .8 5F iss ility

Log

T /

sSF

0 .9 0 0 .9 5

0L D

102

SF-isomers

HI-fusion

mfU

mfPu

mfCm

104

108

L iq u id D ro p M o d el(M y ers & S w ia te ck i 1 9 6 6 )

6 0

4 0

2 0

0

-2 0

- 04

- 06

- 08

0 5 0 1 0 0

M ass n um ber

Mas

s de

crem

ent

(M

eV)

1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0-1 0 0

8 0

26 0A

4

40 10 0 20 0

MeV

-4

-8

-1 2

0

F E R M IE N E R G Y

Sin

gle

Par

ticl

e E

nerg

ies

mbound

ore lessbound

(Strutinsky 1967)

Shell correctionsto the Liquid

Drop

N eutron nu m ber

1 5 0 1 6 0 1 7 0 1 8 0 1 9 01 4 0

1 5

1 0

5

0

-5

-1 0

1 5

1 0

5

0

-5

-1 0

Z = 11 4

11 4

Z = 1 0 8

1 0 8

spo n tan eou sfiss io n

- decay

0

5

10

Pote

ntia

l ene

rgy

(in

MeV

)

D e fo rm a tion

0 .3 .10 s .-6

101 6

9 2U

y ears

Z=108

80

90

100

110

120

Pro

ton

num

ber

-2

-2-3 -3

-5-5

-7

-6 -6

-4 -4

-14

-1

Neutron number

Chart of shell corrections to the LD-potential energy

1 5 0 1 6 0 1 7 0 1 8 0 1 9 01 4 01 3 0

correctionsShell

Microscopic theory

Transuranium Elemens

SuperheavyElemens

StableElemens

SphericalShell

SphericalShell

208Pb

298114

Sea of Instability

10 20 30 40

Neutron number

Pro

ton

num

ber

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

LogT (sec)

1/2

14

-2

-6

6

10

2

CHART OF THE NUCLIDES


After all this is a theoretical hypothesis

- reactions of the SHE synthesis key problem

- what are we expecting to see in the experiment properties of SHE

- what we have already observed decay modes of SHE

- setting the experiments synthesis of elements 113 and 115

- Chemistry of SHE identification of atomic numbers of SHE

- overall picture of SHE nuclear shells and stability of the SHE

- the search for surviving SHE. Prospects

We shall try finding the answer to this question talking about:

90

100

110

120

b-

170 180 190150 160

- 3

- 3

- 5- 5

- 7

- 7

- 6

- 6

- 4

- 4

- 2

- 2

Pro

ton

num

ber

Neutron number

co ldfusion

ho tfusion

ca p t u ren e u t ro n

(t ,p ) an d tr an sf e r

r eac ti o n s

Reactions of Synthesis of the Heaviest Nuclei

SHE248Cm + 48Ca → 116

Here there are two questions:

What is the fusion probability for 48Ca and actinide nuclei?

What is the survival probability of the compound nucleus with

Z=114-118 at the excitation energy E*30 MeV?

fusion probability

Let us consider the fusion of the 48Са and 248Cm occurred and resulted in the formation of the compound nucleus 296116 with an excitation energy of about 40 MeV

Evidently, the dominant decay mode of such a nucleus would be fission into two fragments

Accordingly, one could attempt investigating the probability of formation of the compound nucleus by measuring its fission characteristics.

Target238U,244Pu

248Cm

F1

F248Ca

solid angle – 0.3 sr

angular resolution – 0.30

TOF-start detector

beam

position sensitivestop detector

x, y, E

mass resolution – 2 a.m.u

CORSET setup

TOF-start detector


M. Itkis, Yu. Oganessian, et al., (2002)Fragment Energy and Mass Distributions in Cold and Hot Fusion Reactions

target-likebeam-like

150

100

200

250

30048 208Ca+ Pb

50 100 150 200 250Fragment mass number

TK

E (

MeV

)

DIC

E =18 MeVx

CNfission

CN


150

100

200

250

300

TK

E (

MeV

)

58Fe

CNfission

DIC

58 208Fe+ Pb 14 MeV

CN


150

100

200

250

300

TK

E (

MeV

)

48 244Ca+ Pu 33 MeVCNfission

quasi-fission

DIC

CN

Z=116

coldfusion

0

Potential energy surface

Z=116

Fusion probability 1 00

1 0-1

1 0-2

1 0-3

1 0-4

1 0-5

1 0-6

1 0-7

1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0

p ro je c tile s + P b 2 0 8

2 5 0 0Z .Z1 2

3 0 0 0

4 8 C a2 2 N e1 6 O

5 4 C r

5 0 T i

(1 2 )0

(11 4 )

(11 2 )

2 0 8 P b

5 8 F e

6 4 N i

7 0 Z n

7 6 G e

CN

/ ca

ptur

e

Z=116

hotfusion

Fusion probability 1 00

1 0-1

1 0-2

1 0-3

1 0-4

1 0-5

1 0-6

1 0-7

1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0

2 0 8

4 8

P b + p ro je c tile s h e a v ie r th a n C a

2 5 0 0Z .Z1 2

3 0 0 0

4 8 C a2 2 N e1 6 O

1 20

11 4

11 2

11 0

1 0 8

1 0 6

1 0 4

2 0 8 P b

CN

/ ca

ptur

e

A c t.- ta rg e ts + C a 4 8

11 2

11 811 4


10 0 105 110 1 15 A to m ic nu m b er

1 05

1 04

1 03

1 02

1 01

1 00

1 0-1

1 0-2

Сro

ss s

ecti

ons

(pic

obar

ns)

Bf

Ex= 40 МeV

Ex= 0

neut

rons

γ-rays

fission

fission

σxn= (Γn / Γf)x; х – number of neutrons

(Γn / Γf) ~ exp [(Bf – Bn) / T] ~ 1/100

Bf = BfLD + ΔEShell

0

Survival probability

SHE

1001

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

Fis

sion

bar

rier

s (

MeV

)

1 5 2 1 6 2

h o tfu s io n

1 8 4

Survival probability

15 0 15 5 16 0 16 5 17 0 17 5 18 0 18 5 C N n e u tron nu m b er

1 05

1 04

1 03

1 02

1 01

1 00

1 0-1

1 0-2C

ross

sec

tions

(pb

)

the limit of theexp. sensitivity Superheavy

nuclei

The survivability of the compound nucleus is an independent evidence for the stabilizing effect

of the N=184 shell in the domain of SHE

beam tim e - 4000 h/y

beam intensity - 4 - 8 .10 /s

12

C onsum ption of m g/h 48 С а (68% ) - 0.5

Iso topes:

+U [233, 238], P u[242, 244],...,C f[249] Z = 112 - 118 48 C a

Natural occurrence of Ca isotopes (in %):

40Ca – 96.9442Ca – 0.64743Ca – 0.13544Ca – 2.08646Ca – 0.004

48Ca – 0.187

x 400

→ Ca5+

isotope productionhigh flux reactors

(Oak Ridge, Dimitrovgrad)

isotope enrichment 98-99%S-2 separator

(Sarov)

technology of the target preparation – 0.3 mg/cm2

Separation of super heavy nuclei and detection of their radioactive decays

now: DGFRS

150

104

108

112

116

120

124

160

electroncapture

170 180neutron number

prot

on n

umbe

r

190

103

103 10

0 beta-decay

spontaneousfission

100

103

106

109

alpha-decay

10-6

10-6

10-3

10-3

10-3

SF

208Pb+64Nicold fusion

248Cm+48Ca

Decay properties


Cou

nts

/ 30k

eVC

ount

s / 3

0keV

9 .94

10 .65

A lp h a -p artic le e n e rg y (M eV )

1 0 .0

1 0 .2 0

1 0 .8 4

1 .01 1 .029 .0

9 .3 4

9 .5 3

8 .9 4

1 0 .0 2

1 0 .7 4

10 .02 M eV

A lp h a -p artic le e n e rg y (M eV )

9 .81

9 .48

9 .15

Cou

nts

/ 30k

eVC

ount

s / 3

0keV

10 .55

2 9 111 6

2 8 311 2

2 7 911 02 7 51 0 8

2 7 11 0 6

2 8 711 4

2 9 311 6

2 8 911 4

2 8 511 2

Spectra of alpha particles in the decay chains of isotopes with Z = 116

2

108275

9 30. MeV

9.70 MeV 5

49.54 MeV

8.53 MeV

SF<10%

SF~50%

SF~90%

SF

114

116

287

291

10.74 MeV 1

3

6

110

104

279

267

112

106

283

271

116293

10.54 MeV 1

114

112

289

285 9.82 MeV

9.15 MeV

SF

2

3

110281

even-odd

11 62 9 0

10 .84 M eV

1

10 .20 M eV SF~ 60%

SF

2

11 22 8 4

11 42 8 6

even-even

11 62 9 2

10 .66 M eV

1

11 42 8 8

9 .94 M eV

SF

2

11 22 8 4

10 .84 M eV

SF

1 0-5

1 0-4

1 0-3

1 0 -2

1 0 -1

1 00

1 01

1 02

1 03

1 04

1 05

1 06

1 07

1 09

1 0 8

Q (M e V )

Log

T

(se

c)10

C a lc u la te d a n d E x p e rim e n ta l L o g T v s Q R e la tio n s h ipfo r e v e n -e v e n Is o to p e s w ith Z = 9 8 - 1 0 4

1 2 1 3111 09876

112Ds

114

116

118

1

3

S F

2

LogT (sec) = k Z Q (MeV) -1/2

116

114

112

110 CL ≥ 99.9%

- -SF

0 .1

104n

A = 2 8 8

5n[2 8 7 ]

3n[2 8 9 ]

5

0 .5

B C

Cro

ss s

ectio

ns (

pb)

1

P u -ta rg et 2 4 4

30E xcita tion energ y (M eV )4035

35

45 50 55

P u -ta rg et 2 4 2

B C

4n[2 8 6 ]

3n[2 8 7 ]

10

5

0 .5

0 .130

E xcita tion energ y (M eV )

Cro

ss s

ectio

ns (

pb)

4 0 45 50 55

1

U -ta rge t 2 3 8

B C

4n[2 8 2 ]

3n[2 8 3 ]

- -SF-S F -SFand SF

- -SF

-SFand SFSF

Isotope charge (Z) and mass (A) identificationsobtained by the measurements of neutron evaporation cross sections vs. excitation

energy of compound nucleus

2n[288]

-SF

6.3 m s 53 m s18 m s

6.1 s 34 s

0.3 s

0.29 s 11 s

2 4 9 4 8C f + C a

2 4 5 4 8C m + C a 2 4 8 4 8C m + C a

2 3 8 4 8U + C a

1.1 s

116/290

0.4 m s

0.29 s

2.3 h

2.4 m in

2 4 2 ,2 4 4 4 8P u + C a

0.1 s

N = 163N = 16 2

24 2 48A m + C a

Number of observed decays

Z = 118 3 116 19

114 45 112 52

50%

10%

Mass variation of the target-nuclei

Excitation functions

Decay

prop

erties

For Z-odd nucleihindrance factor:

for SF- decay ≥ 1000

for α – decay ≤ 10

Z v

aria

tion

of

the

targ

et-n

ucle

i

Z-even nuclei

Synthesis of Element 115

in the Reaction:

243Am95 + 48Ca20 → 291-x115


D u bn a G as F illed R ec o il S e p a ra to r

v (A=48) = 0.11 cq = 16.5+

v (A=288) = 0.017 cq = 6.2+

D E T E C T IO N S Y S T E M O F T H E D U B N A G A S F IL L E D

R E C O IL S E PA R AT O R

S ilico n“v e to ” d e tec to r

S ilico np o s itio n se n s itiv e

d e te c to r a rra y

L o w p ressu re m u ltiw irep ro p o rtio n a l c h am b e r

p en ta n e - 1 .5 To rr

R E C O IL

T O Fd e te c to r

( l= 6 5 m m )

s ta rt

s to p

C a nb erraSem ico ndu ctors

FF

=87% from 4For -particles

For SF-fragments

=100%

Front detector:sensitive area – 50 cm2

6543210-1-2LogT (s)

-3-4-5-6

80 s E , y, tR

s tr.#3

str.#4

R

R

21 3 4 5

21

34

5S F

S F

str.#2R1

off

2

3 4

5 SF

y=+0.3mm +0.2 +0.7 - 0.7 mm+0.3 -0.4 mm0.0

5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 110 .1

1

1 0

1 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

E = 2 48 M eVL

Cou

nts

/ 20

keV

A lpha -p artic le en erg y (M eV ) A lpha -p artic le en erg y (M eV )

b e a m -o n (1 /1 0 )b e a m -o n (1 /1 0 )

217A t212P o213P o

211P o

E = 2 5 3 M e VL

b e a m -o ff

216A t

b e a m -o ff

Energy spectra of all “-like” signals from the focal plane detector in the 243Am + 48Ca reaction

July 14 – July 29 beam time – 270 h beam dose – 4.3∙1018

July 29 – Aug.10 beam time – 250 h beam dose – 4.3∙1018

1 0 4

11 0

11 4

1 2 0 -d e c a y

N e u tro n n u m b e r

prot

on n

umbe

r

1 s

1 m s

1 s

o d d -o d d

1 5 0 1 7 0 1 8 0 1 9 0

1 0 s9

1 0 s3

1 0 s6

_

-d e c a y

T =1.5 s1/2

Bh

Mt

111

Db

209 64Bi+ Ni

115

243 48Am+ Ca

113

111

Mt

Bh

Rf

T 1 d1/2

Db

odd-odd


1 0 .4 6 M e V

9 .7 5 M e V

9 .7 1 M e V

1 2 5 m s

0 .6 9 s

5 .2 s

1 4 .1 4 s

1 .0 3 s

11 5

R

11 3

11 1

M t

B h

2 8 8

2 8 4

2 8 0

2 7 6

2 7 2

5

4

3

2

1

9 .0 2 M e V

0 .

2 3 .1 h

S F

D b2 6 8

2 0 5 M e V

1 0 . M e V0 0

Chemical isolation of 268Db

~20 s

June 2004

rotatingentrance window

(Ti-1.6 m)

Cu-catcher ofrecoiling atoms

rotatingAm-target

(1.2 mg/cm )243

2

He (1 tor)

48Ca-beam

12.50

Actinides Z ≤ 103

Transactinides Z ≥ 104

Nb / Ta / Db - fraction

4 - f is s io nfra g m e n t d e te c to r s

N b /Ta - c h e m ic a lfr a c tio n

7 8 -3 H e - n e u tro nd e te c to r

SF of Z=105 from the Nb/Ta chemical fraction

Spontaneous fission half-life of 268Db

(N=163)

0 100 200 300time (hours)

Coun

ts / 1

0 ho

urs

0.1

1

10

0 100 200 300time (hours)

Coun

ts / 1

0 ho

urs

0.1

1

10

0 100 200

T = 29 h1/2

300

15 events

time (hours)

Coun

ts / 1

0 ho

urs

0.1

1

10

T1/2 = 30h

15 events

00

5 0

5 0

1 0 0

E (

MeV

)1

E (M e V )2

E/ E

= 1

1

2

1 0 0

1 5 0

1 5 0

00

2

4

2 0 0

23 0 M eV

1 0 0T K E (M e V )

6

3 0 0

Cou

nts

/ 10M

eV

0

Cou

nts

0

5

1 0

1 2 3 4 5

M u lt ip le c o in c id e n ce

= 4 .2252Cf

268Db

QF ~ 280 MeV

Periodic Table of the Elements

H

1

Li

3

Be

4

Na

11

Mg

12

K

19

Ca

20

Sc

21

104

Ti

22

V

23

Cr

24

Mn

25

Fe

26

Co

27

Ni

28

Cu

29

Zn

30

1

2

3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

1

2

3

4

5

6 La

La

nt-

ha

nu

m

He

2 He

liu

m

Alu

m-

inu

m

Sil

ico

n

Ph

os

p-

ho

ru

s

Su

lfu

r

Ch

lori

ne

Arg

on

Bo

ro

n

Ca

rb

on

Nit

ro

ge

n

Ox

yg

en

Flu

ori

ne

Ne

on

1 3 1 4 15 1 6 1 7 1 8

5 6 7 8 9 1 0

B

Al Si P S

ONC F

Cl Ar

Ne

7Ac

57

89 Ac

tin

ium

105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 115114 116 117 118Ru

th

er-

for

diu

m

Du

b-

niu

m

Se

ab

or

-g

ium

Bo

hr

ium

Ha

ss

ium

Me

itn

e-

riu

m

72 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8655 56

87 88

37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

31 32 33 34 35 36

Ytt

riu

m

Zir

co

niu

m-

Nio

bi

um

-

Mo

lyb

de

nu

m-

Te

ch

ne

tiu

m-

Ru

th

en

ium

-

Rh

od

ium

Pa

lla

-d

ium

Ru

bid

iu

m-

Str

on

tiu

m-

Ha

fn-

ium

Ta

nta

-lu

m

Tu

ng

-s

ten

Rh

en

-iu

m

Os

m-

ium

Irid

ium

Pla

ti-

nu

m

Go

ld

Me

rc

ury

Le

ad

Bis

mu

th

Po

lo-

niu

m

As

tati

ne

Ra

do

n

Th

all

ium

Sil

ve

r

Ca

d-

miu

m

Ind

ium

Tin

An

ti-

mo

ny

Te

llu

-r

ium

Iod

ine

Xe

no

n

Tit

an

ium

Va

na

diu

m-

Ch

ro

miu

m-

Ma

ng

an

es

e-

Iro

n

Co

ba

lt

Ca

lciu

m

Sc

an

-d

ium

Co

pp

er

Zin

c

Ga

lliu

m

Ge

rm

-a

niu

m

Ars

en

ic

Se

le-

niu

m

Bro

min

e

Kry

pto

n

Nic

ke

l

Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt

Ce

siu

m

Ba

riu

m

Fra

n-

ciu

m

Ra

diu

m

Rb Sr Y Zr MoNb Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Tc I Xe

Cs Ba Hf WTa Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra

Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Po

tas

-s

ium

So

diu

m

Ma

gn

e-

siu

m

Lit

hiu

m

Be

ry

l-li

um

Hy

dro

-g

en

Dar

ms-

tad

tium

Ds Rg

CeLa Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er

5857 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Th Pa Pu Cm Es

Ce

riu

m

La

nt-

ha

nu

mA

cti

niu

m

Pr

as

eo

-d

ym

ium

Ne

od

-y

miu

m

Pro

m-

eth

ium

Ne

pt

u-

niu

m

Sa

ma

-r

ium

Eu

ro

-p

ium

Ga

do

-li

niu

m

Te

rb

ium

Dy

sp

r-

os

ium

Ho

lmiu

m

Fe

rm

ium

Tm

69

Md

Er

biu

m Yb

70Th

uli

um

Ytt

er-

biu

m

Ac

89 90 91

U

92

Np

93 94

Am

95 96 97

Bk Cf

98 99

Fm

100Th

or

ium

Pro

ta-

cti

niu

m

Ura

niu

m

Plu

to-

niu

m

Am

er

-ic

ium

Cu

riu

m

Be

rk

e-

liu

m

Ca

li-

forn

ium

Ein

st-

ein

ium

101 Me

nd

e-

lev

ium

Lu

71

No

102

Lr

103No

be

-li

um

Lu

te

-ti

um

La

wr

e-

nc

iumActinides

Lanthanides

5

Ca

20

Am

95

115

n

n

n

113111

Rg

109

Mt

107

Bh

105

Db

Gas filled recoil separator

Ch

em

ica

l is

ola

tio

n

73

Ta

41

Nb

5


1

1 0 .8 4 M e V1 .0 m s2 27 . m m

11 62 9 0

S F1 5 711 4

M e V. m s

2 9 0. m m

11 42 8 6

2

M arch 1 , 2005 :4

31 2 9

11 .6 5 M e V 0 .4 7 m s 1 0 .4 1 M e V 2 6 .6 m m 2 . m m7 2

11 811 82 9 4 2 9 7

1 1 4

2 8 6

1 1 6

2 9 0 1 1 . 8 0 +_ 0 . 5 3 M e V

0 . 8 5 m s 1 3 . 6 6 M e V

1 7 .5 m m

1 1 81 1 8

2 9 4 2 9 7

M a r c h 1 9 , 2 0 0 5

0 7 : 4 3

S F

1 1 2

2 8 2 1 0 . 1 6 M e V

0 . 1 5 s

1 6 . 8 m m

2 0 2 ( 1 5 1 + 5 1 ) M e V

2 . 7 m s

1 6 . 9 m m

1 0 . 8 0 M e V

0 . 1 m s

1 7 . 0 m m

1

2

3

Synthesis of Element 118in 249Cf + 48Ca Reaction

S F

M arch 19 , 2002 05:28

11 .6 5 M e V 2 .5 5 m s 9 .0 m m

1 3 .2 2 M e V 8 .9 m m

2 0 7 (1 8 8 + 1 9 ) M e V5 1 6 .6 m s9 .4 m m

1 0 .7 1 +- 0 .1 8 M e V4 2 m s1 5 .1+_ 7 .3 m m

11 82 9 7

11 82 9 4

11 62 9 0

11 42 8 6

1

2

2002

2005

11629

2002 - 2004

3 n2 n

118294

118295

245Cm+48Ca

1 0 .0 2 M eV

2 6 .3 m s

0 .6 8 s

11 6

11 4

11 2

2 9 1

2 8 7

2 8 2

1

2

S F (~ 90 % )

S F (~ 30 % )

1 0 .7 4 M eV

9 7 0. M eV

2 6 .3 m s

0 .2 8 s

11 0

1 0 8

2 7 9

2 7 5

3

41 0 .7 4 M eV

8 .5 3 M eV

0 .3 s

2 .8 0 m in1 0 42 6 7

5

6 9 .3 0 M eV

1 .8 4 hSF

1 0 .1 6 M eV

6 .2 3 m s

0 .5 5 s

11 6

11 2

2 9 0

2 8 2

1

2

1 .0 m sSF

S F (~ 60 % )

1 0 . 5 M eV811 4

2 8 6

1 0 62 7 1

242Pu+48Ca

238U+48Ca

neutron number

111112113

114

117

115

118

116

160 162

164 166 168 170 172 174

176 178 180 182 184

152 158156154

Mt 266

Db 262 Db 263

Sg 266

Db 258Db 256 Db 260Db 257

Rf 260 Rf 261 Rf 262 Rf 263Rf 259Rf 256Rf 255 Rf 258

Bh 261 Bh 262

Rf 257

Db 261

Sg 260 Sg 261 Sg 263Sg 259

Bh 264BhHs

Ds

Sg 258

Lr 259

No 258

Lr 260

No 259

Lr 261 Lr 262

No 262No 260

Lr 258

No 257

Lr 255

No 254

Lr 254

No 253

Lr 257

No 256

Lr 256

No 255

Md 257

Fm 256

Md 258

Fm 257

Md 259 Md 260

Fm 258 Fm 259

Md 256

Fm 255

Md 253

Fm 252

Md 252

Fm 251

Md 255

Fm 254

Md 254

Fm 253

Es 255 Es 256Es 254Es 251Es 250 Es 253Es 252

Cf 255 Cf 256Cf 253Cf 250Cf 249 Cf 251 Cf 252 Cf 254

110/273110/271

111/272

CHART OF THE NUCLIDES

NoMdFmEsCf

pro

ton

n

um

ber

150

DbRfLrNoMdFmEsCf

Z = 114

108Hs 267Hs 265Hs 264

a

aa

aa

a

110/270

Hs 266

Sg 262

112/2859.1539 s

Z/A

T1/2

E (MeV)

110/269

Mt 268

EC

-

SF

112/277

110/267

MtHs 269 Hs 270

Sg 265Sg

aaa

aa

aa

aa

aa

a

aa

a aa

aaaa

108/275

110/279

106/271

112/284112/282

114/286114/28710.01

114/2889.95

116/290

115/288115/287

113/284113/283

111/280

109/276

107/272

111/279

109/257

116/29110.85 10.74

112/285

110/281

114/2899.82

9.169.54

9.30

8.53

10.00

10.4610.59

10.12

9.75

9.71

9.02

10.37

10.33

105/268

15 ms

32 ms 87 m s

6.3 m s

0.1 s

0.15 s

0.17 s

0.72 s

9.8 s

16 h

9.7 m s

0.48 s

0.1 s0.5 m s

3.6 s

0.18 s

2.4 m in

9.6 s

34 s

0.56 s 0.63 s 2.7 s0.16 s10.20

112/2834.0 s

a116/29210.6616 ms

107/217

116/29353 ms

1.8 ms118/29411.65

105/2671.2 h

10.53

9.70

104/268104/2672.3 h

48 238 249Ca + U.... Cf

208 50 70Pb + Ti.... Zn

1 50 1 60 1 70 1 80 1 901 40

1 5

2 0

1 0

-5

-1 0

11 6

11 6

11 8

11 2

11 2

11 4

11 4

11 0

11 0

1 0 8

1 0 8

- d ecay

fa s t ch em istry ava ilab le

D efo rm edS he ll

S ph erica lS he ll

A ge o f the E arth

s ta b len u c le i

1 50 1 60 1 70 1 80 1 901 40

1 5

2 0

1 0

5

0

-5

-1 0

11 6

11 6

11 8

11 2

11 2

11 4

11 4

11 0

11 0

1 0 8

1 0 8

N eu tro n n u m b er

- d ecay

fa s t ch em istry ava ilab le

D efo rm edS he ll

S ph erica lS he ll

Log

T (

seco

nds)

A ge o f the E arthT h e o ry a n d E x p e r im e n t

s ta b len u c le i

th e e x p e r im e n ta ll im it o f th e se a rc h fo r S H E in N a tu re

108 y

105 y

1 y

1 d

the search for SHE in Cosmic rays


Search for SF of natural Eka Os(common extractive metallurgy)

by detection of fission neutrons

1 SF-event per year (T1/2=109y)corresponds to the concentration:

EkaOs/Os = 5.10-15g/g

(or 10-22g/g in the terrestrial matter, or 10-16 of U)

Fréjus peakFréjus peak

ModaneModane

Entrance to the road tunnelEntrance to the road tunnel

France

Italy

9 5

1 0 5

11 0

11 5

1 2 0

1 2 5

1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 01y ears

Ato

mic

num

ber

nu clea r reac to rs

heavy ion accelera to rs

E C R -ionsou rces

reco ilsepa ra to rs

d isco very o f nuc lear

fiss io n

d isco very o f SF

chem istry o f a ctin id es

d isco very o f SF -iso m ers

co ld fu sionreac tion s

ho t fu s io n

w ith C a48

fir s t tim e4 8 C a -io n b ea m

(th eo ry )SH E m a y

exis t

syn th esiso f SH EDevelopments and Prospects

On-lineSeparatorMASHA

Upgrade ofheavy ion

accelerators

PHYSICS GOAL

L D

N orm al

E (R )c 0

2 E (R )s 0

X 0 ==X 0 = 1Z /A2

~ 50(Z /A )2c ri t

r

Z = 1 0 0

Bubble

X0> 2.02

r

r

Z > 220

“Semi-bubble”

r

r

Z > 120

Nuclear Exotica in Superheavy Nuclei

a limit causedby Coulomb forces

LD + shell effect

100

200

300

50

150

250

350

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Neutron number

Pro

ton

num

ber

r

nucleardensity

r r

Z < 120 Z > 120 Z > 220

“normal” “semi-bubble” “bubble”

294118(exp)

292120

Line of beta-stability

H

1

Li

3

Be

4

Na

11

M g

12

K

19

Ca

20

Sc

21

104

Ti

22

V

23

Cr

24

M n

25

Fe

26

Co

27

Ni

28

Cu

29

Zn

30

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

1

2

3

4

5

6

He

B

Al Si P S

ONC F

Cl Ar

Ne

7105 106 107

72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8655 56

87 88

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

31 32 33 34 35 36

Rf Db Sg Bh

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb M o Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Tc I Xe

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re O s Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn

Fr Ra

G a G e As Se Br Kr

108 109 110 111 112 113 115114 116 117 118

Hs M t

Dar

ms-

tad

tiu

m

Ds Rg

117

Periodic Table of the Elem ents

Search in NatureSearch in Nature

Chemical properties (relativistic effect)Chemical properties (relativistic effect)

Astrophysics (search for SHE in cosmic rays)Astrophysics (search for SHE in cosmic rays)

Nucleosynthesis (test of the r-s process) Nucleosynthesis (test of the r-s process)

Atomic physics (structure of SH-atoms)Atomic physics (structure of SH-atoms)

Elements with Z ≥ 120


Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of JINR

…in February

Thanks for your attention

Documents

Heavy Element Research at Dubna (current status and future trends) Yuri Oganessian Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research