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“HEAVEN ON EARTH” . SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM. THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT. Socialism is the idea that people can live cooperatively in modern society Equality of wealth is goal Capitalism is responsible for many if not all of the evils of the modern industrial world - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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““HEAVEN ON EARTH” HEAVEN ON EARTH”
SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISMSOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM
THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENTTHE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT
Socialism is the idea that people can live Socialism is the idea that people can live cooperatively in modern societycooperatively in modern society
Equality of wealth is goalEquality of wealth is goal Capitalism is responsible for many if not all Capitalism is responsible for many if not all
of the evils of the modern industrial worldof the evils of the modern industrial world Idea first surfaces in French RevolutionIdea first surfaces in French Revolution
UTOPIAN SOCIALISTSUTOPIAN SOCIALISTS In early 19In early 19thth century centuryFactories and cities Factories and cities
were breeding were breeding horrible poverty as horrible poverty as well as great wealthwell as great wealth
in Europe and in Europe and AmericaAmerica
ROBERT OWEN ROBERT OWEN Successful cotton Successful cotton
manufacturermanufacturer Founded idealistic Founded idealistic
community at New community at New LanarkLanark
Later founded utopian Later founded utopian community in New community in New Harmony, Indiana, Harmony, Indiana, U.S.U.S.
KARL MARXKARL MARX Born 1818 in what is now Born 1818 in what is now
GermanyGermany Wrote Communist Wrote Communist
Manifesto in 1848, a year Manifesto in 1848, a year of revolutionsof revolutions
Worked for years on Das Worked for years on Das Capital, a critique of Capital, a critique of capitalismcapitalism
Died in 1883 in London Died in 1883 in London with few followers, but with few followers, but created what was called created what was called “scientific socialism”“scientific socialism”
MARX’S MAIN IDEASMARX’S MAIN IDEAS Conflict between social classes was the Conflict between social classes was the
key to understanding all of human historykey to understanding all of human history Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat = Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat = (from Hegel, German philosopher) (from Hegel, German philosopher)
MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.
GOODS DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM GOODS DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM THE LABOR THAT’S PUT INTO THEM – THE LABOR THAT’S PUT INTO THEM – THAT’S SURPLUS VALUE THEORYTHAT’S SURPLUS VALUE THEORY
MARX’S IDEAS, CONT’D.MARX’S IDEAS, CONT’D.
CAPITALISM PRODUCED ALIENATIONCAPITALISM PRODUCED ALIENATION
MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.
Capitalism was inevitably going to collapse and Capitalism was inevitably going to collapse and revolution would eruptrevolution would erupt
Predicts a “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would come Predicts a “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would come aboutabout
Marx’s followers would be there to guide eventsMarx’s followers would be there to guide events
MARX’S PREDICTIONS AND MARX’S PREDICTIONS AND PRESCRIPTIONSPRESCRIPTIONS
““FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS NEED.”NEED.”
STATE (GOVERNMENT) WOULD STATE (GOVERNMENT) WOULD “WITHER AWAY”“WITHER AWAY”
FRIEDRICH ENGELSFRIEDRICH ENGELS Wealthy son of a Wealthy son of a
German manufacturerGerman manufacturer Helped popularize Helped popularize
Marx’s writings and Marx’s writings and ideas and subsidized ideas and subsidized himhim
““Workers of the Workers of the World, Unite. You World, Unite. You Have Nothing to Lose Have Nothing to Lose But Your Chains.”But Your Chains.”
COMMUNIST MANIFESTOCOMMUNIST MANIFESTO Published in 1848, a Published in 1848, a
year when revolutionsyear when revolutions erupted across erupted across
EuropeEurope
Attacked monarchy,Attacked monarchy, organized religion, theorganized religion, the familyfamily
SOCIALISM BECOMES A SOCIALISM BECOMES A MOVEMENTMOVEMENT
““Comrade”Comrade” The Internationale:The Internationale:
Listen to some cool Listen to some cool commycommy musacmusac
““REVISIONISM”REVISIONISM”
In 1880s, Socialists In 1880s, Socialists are outlawed in are outlawed in GermanyGermany
Edward Bernstein Edward Bernstein publishes publishes “Evolutionary “Evolutionary Socialism”Socialism”
Revolution wasn’t Revolution wasn’t going to happengoing to happen
““THE GOAL IS THE GOAL IS NOTHING, THE NOTHING, THE MOVEMENT IS MOVEMENT IS EVERYTHING”EVERYTHING”
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISMDEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM
Improve lives of workers through politics Improve lives of workers through politics and lawsand laws
Social Democrat parties emerge in many Social Democrat parties emerge in many countries and eventually become very countries and eventually become very influential in western Europe – e.g. British influential in western Europe – e.g. British Labour party and esp. in GermanyLabour party and esp. in Germany
Advocate “welfare state”Advocate “welfare state”
LENIN and BOLSHEVISMLENIN and BOLSHEVISM Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin Advocates Violent Advocates Violent
RevolutionRevolution Masses need an elite, Masses need an elite,
disciplined group to disciplined group to start and guide it.start and guide it.
Publishes “Iskra” – Publishes “Iskra” – the “Spark”the “Spark”
LENIN’S IDEASLENIN’S IDEAS
WORLD REVOLUTION WAS THE GOALWORLD REVOLUTION WAS THE GOAL BECAUSE THE GOAL WAS SO BECAUSE THE GOAL WAS SO
IMPORTANT, THE END JUSTIFIED THE IMPORTANT, THE END JUSTIFIED THE MEANSMEANS
LENIN’S IMPACTLENIN’S IMPACT
FOUNDS “BOLSHEVIKS” – FOUNDS “BOLSHEVIKS” – COMMUNISTS WHO LATER TAKE COMMUNISTS WHO LATER TAKE POWER IN RUSSIA. LENIN BECOMES POWER IN RUSSIA. LENIN BECOMES FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER.FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER.
COMMUNISTS REFER TO THEIR COMMUNISTS REFER TO THEIR PHILOSOPHY ASPHILOSOPHY AS
MARXIST-LENINISM.MARXIST-LENINISM.