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Heating top Loads Infiltration

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Heating Losses-Infltration and Ventilation

ARCH-432

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Attendance

Which civilizationmade it a point tolao!t "hole cities tota#e advantage o$passive heating% In"hat direction did thecit streets r!n%

A& 'reece(& Rome

C& )gpt

*& +ersia

)& (a,lonia

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Attendance

 he ancient 'ree#sdid this& What "as

sho"n is +riene.Priēnē)/ .0th Cent!r(&C&1 "hich had all o$the streets laid o!t in

an )ast-West $ashionth!s allo"ing allhomes to point o!th&

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Attendance

5nl primitives and ,ar,arians lac#ed

#no"ledge o$ ho!ses t!rned to $acethe

"inter s!n d"elling ,eneath the

gro!nd li#e s"arming ants ins!nless caves&6

 Aeschylus

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Aeschylus

  GreetingsCapt.

Kirk

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Attendance

Aeschl!s  pronounced )ss ca less

5ne o$ the earliest "riter o$ 'ree#traged 7 ,e$ore him plas had singleactors "ho co!ld onl respond to a

chor!s .gro!p o$ people1& Aeschl!sincrease the traged to t"o actors"ith dialog&

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(ig +ict!re 8oment

roofroof

)9terior)9terior"all"all

'lass'lass

cond!ctiocond!ctionn

:loor:loor

InfltrationInfltrationandandVentilationVentilation

Ceiling

+artition

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 :ive main tpes o$ heat loss

;& ransmission .cond!ction1

2& Infltration .convection1

3& Ventilation .convection1

4& Radiation .radiation10& 8oist!re migration

roofroof

)9terio)9teriorr

"all"all

'lass'lasscond!cticond!cti

onon

:loor:loor

InfltratioInfltration andn andVentilatioVentilatio

nn

Ceiling

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!mmar o$ Heat Losses

Wall

Roo$ 

:loor

Windo"s

*oors

Infltration

Ventilation

)nvelope

Losses

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What <o! =eed o >no"

 he di?erence ,et"een ventilationand infltration

Calc!lation methods $or ,othventilation and infltration

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What <o! =eed o (e A,le o *o

Calc!late infltration@ventilationloads

(e a,le to red!ce@mitigateinfltration and ventilation loads

)mplo techni!es $or increasing

ventilation e?ectiveness

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 erms

Infltration

)9fltration

Ventilation

*irect 5!tside Air stem .*5A1

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Infltration

“The uncontrolled

introduction ofoutside air into abuilding.” 

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Infltration

he !ncontrolled introd!ction o$ $resh air into a,!ilding&

;& 8ost s!,Bective o$ all losses

2& 5$tentimes the largest o$ all heat losses&

ometimes comprises !p to 3D o$ the

totalheating load&

3& )nds !p ,eing an ed!cated g!ess6

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Wh Is his Important%

All ,!ildings lea#

A tight ,!ilding "illlea# &0 AC@H

A lea# ,!ilding canlea# 3 AC@H

Regardless o$climate air lea#ing

into "alls ca!sespro,lems

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Ventilation

 he mechanical introd!ction o$o!tside air .5A1 toE

Replace 59gen *il!te contaminants

+ress!rize the ,!ilding

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8oist!re Load

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Infltration Calc!lation8ethods

Crac# method

Air Change 8ethod

FAveragingG method .FI donGt #no"so IGm going to thro" a dartGmethod1

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Crac# 8ethod

+res!mes that an acc!rate estimatecan ,e o,tained , estimating the

rate o$ infltration per $oot o$ crac#$or doors and "indo"s

C:8 :t& o$ Crac# 9 Infltration Rate

  ;&; 9 C:8 9 .2 7 ;1 in (J@HR

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Add Infltration hro!gh

5pen *oor*etermine *oor Jsage  =!m,er o$ +eople per 8in!te

*etermine C:8 per person .*1

C:8 9 *L))*-=C Credit ) 0

$or providingvesti,!les&

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Infltration , Crac#

8ethodAdd C:8 $rom Crac# losses to C:8$or 5pen *oor losses

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8itigate hese Losses

Ho" do o!red!ce ormitigate theselosses%

.Revie"1

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8itigation trategies

+ress!rization

  ;&; 9 C:8 9 .2 7 ;1

Vs&

  ;&; 9 .C:H@$t o$ crac# 9 $t o$

crac#1@K 9

 You own thevariables!

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Infltration Varia,les

Revie"

Wind velocit and direction

tac# e?ects

Corner rooms

)9ha!st $ans on or o? 

+ress!re zoning

:re!enc o$ !se

8aintenance

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tac# )?ect

Revie"

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Air Change 8ethod

5$ten !sed in residential constr!ctionand in large "areho!ses and similar

,!ildings

C:8 A&C&H& 9 Vol!me .$t31@K

orC:8 Vol!me .$t31@:re!enc

.min!tes1

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Air Change 8ethod

Jses same $orm!la $or sensi,le

)!als one room change

*esigner "ill !se &3 to 2& air changes perho!r .ACH1 5cc!panc Climatic condition .i&e& "inter vs& s!mmer1 Constr!ction .tight or loose1

Least acc!rate o$ the three methods

Qsens = 1.1 x CFM x ∆T

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 a,le 2-M

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Heat Loss Due to

InltrationInfltration(t! H .&;M1 9 .ACH1 9 V 9 .i 

7 o1ACH air e9changes per ho!r

V vol!me

 i inside temperat!re

 o o!tside temperat!re

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Heat Loss Due to

Inltration

"

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Heat Loss Due to

InltrationInfltration 

(t! H ;&; 9 C:8 9 .i 7 o1C:8 .ACH 9 vol!me1 @ K min per

ho!r

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Heat Loss Due to

InltrationInfltration+lease =oteE

:or tight constr!ction !se &0 $or ACH&:or medi!m constr!ction !se &M0 $or ACH&

:or loose constr!ction !se ;&3 $or ACH&

:or reall ,ad constr!ction !se 2& $or ACH

:or the s!mmer months .cooling1 !se NDo$ the "inter val!es&

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Btu Hour Loss due toInfiltration Main Area

CFM Ht. W. L. 1.10 air exch. vol. In cf / 60e!".Ch.

1# $6.66 %$.66 1.10 0.& $1'(0).6) )$(.)6 %6 #*'1#).1*

 

Btu Hour Loss due to+entilation Main Area

Ht. W. L. 1.10 sf  cf!

exchan,e -ccu".e!".Ch.

12 46.66 74.66 1.10 3,483.64 0.180 34.84 76 66'*().)&

a "-ccu"/

1000

0.1( & 10.00

Inltration # $entilation

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Heat Gains Due to

InltrationLatent Load

(t!H 40 9 .air e9changes 9

.vol!me1 @K1 9

.W :inal 7 W Initial1

.W :inal 7 W Initial1 *i?erence Ratio+o!nds o$ 8oist!re per dr air

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Heat Loss Due to

$entilationVentilation (t! H ;&; 9 O.Ra 9 s!are $eet o$

,!ilding 1 P.n!m,er o$ people in the ,!ilding 9

Rp 1Q

9

  .i 7 o1

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Heat Loss Due to

$entilation

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Heat Loss Due to

$entilationVentilation 

Ra Area 5!tdoor Air Rate

  Rp +eople 5!tdoor Air Rate

)9ampleE +harmacRa .%&

  Rp '

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Heat Loss Due to

$entilationVentilation(t! H ;&; 9 O ..%& 9 3K321 P .3 9 '1Q 9

NKo

  KN2;4

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Ventilation  and @ orInfltration

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