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Heating and Cooling for Smart Cities
Wolfram Sparber Bolzano, November 2015Head of Institute for Renewable Energy
President SEL spa
Vice President – EU Technology Platform Renewable Heating and Cooling
Energy supply … today
2
zeit.de
Coal power plant, Scholven GelsenkirchenFoto: Jackpanama
Cities … today
Bilder von Städten
- Smog - Verschmutzung
3
China, Bejing 29th January 2013n-tv.de
Energy supply - Italy~ 85% fossil energy sources / ~84% imported energy sources
4
Folie mit Nationalen Daten für Strom
Strategia Energetica Nazionale
Marzo 2013
Source: M. Donnely – EU Commission,
Data 2008, Gross final energy demand
Energy demand - Europe (Mtoe)
European Frame and Target
“… The Commission will outline a pathway for the EU's transition to a low carbon economy by 2050, to achieve the EU agreed objective to reduce emissions by 80-95%, …”
European Comission, Com (2010) 86 final, Brussels 09.03.2010
Role of cities in the EU Energy picture
“…Indeed, local governments play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change, all the more so when considering that 80% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions is associated with urban activity …”
7
Covenant of mayors - www.covenantofmayors.eu
8
Sustainable Heating and Cooling
for cities & districts
City centers energy supply … In city centers the possibility of installing technologies exploiting
renewable energy sources is limited. Further more there is a strong interest to reduce the number of burning points and herewith the emissions on sight.
9Modern & historical city centre (Source: iNSPiRE, city of Bolzano)
District heating (and cooling) systems
Allows to transport centralized produced heat by cogeneration, renewables and or waste heat into city centers with a high urban density
10
SEL – Ecotherm Outlook on the district heating and cooling system under construction in Bolzano
11
Biomass HeatingSEL Group – District Heating Sesto – Alto Adige
Kollektorfeld dänemark …
12
Solar thermalPlanEnergi – District Heating Marstal - Denmark
13
Biomass Combined Heat & PowerSEL Group – District Heating Silandro – Alto Adige
14
Geothermal Heat or Combined Heat & PowerInstallation in Island, Gretar Ívarsson - Nesjavellir
15
Large scale heat pumpsA2A – Installation in Milan; source Friotherm AG
16
Waste incineration – Combined Heat & PowerWaste incineration in Bolzano – Alto Adige; source Atzwanger
17
Natural Gas - Combined Heat & PowerSEL Group – District Heating Bolzano – Alto Adige
18
Thermal Energy StorageSEL Group – District Heating Bolzano – Alto Adige
19
Thermal Seasonal Energy StoragePLanEnergi – District Heating Marstal - Denmark
20
Very low temperature DHC systemsEURAC – H2020 Project Flexynets
Advanced industry energy concepts
21
Gullon Biscuits
(Spain)
Bossa
(Turkey)
SCM foundry
(Italy)reemain.eu
22
Sustainable Heating and Cooling
for buildings
Buildings …
Are a major energy consumer There is a huge potential to enhance the energy efficiency (up
to 80% energy reduction of existing buildings) Buildings last and are being used for many decades The renovation rate of the building stock is very low (in EU 1 –
1,5% per year)
The EU average energy demand is: Average heating demand 140-150 kWh/m2/y Average cooling demand 30-50 kWh/m2/y in the south Average DHW demand 20-25 kWh/m2/y
23Source: Eurac, FP7 iNSPiRe
Overall energy demand in EU 27 building stock
24
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Residential buildings Office buildings
Tota
l Ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
TW
h/y
Building Tiype
Total Energy Consumption in European Building Stock
Heating Cooling DHW Lighting Source: Eurac, FP7 iNSPiRe2014 Project Report D2.1a
The total residential floor area in the EU-27 is approximately 17.6 billion m2.
Refurbishment of buildings …
Is a key element in order to reach a sustainable energy provision for our cities
Both action on single buildings as well as whole districts is needed in order to reach visible results within the next years
In the following examples are shown of technologies and research fields EURAC is working on in order to support such a development
25
Prefabricated refurbishment kits
In order to lower the cost, enhance the installation time and allow industrial fabrication renovation kits are developed in a European project including research and industry partners
inspirefp7.eu
Solar energy integration possibilities
Direct coupling of PV facades and decentralized heat pumps for heating, cooling & domestic hot water
Decentralized façade mounted solar thermal systems including storage
27
Source: Clivet, Pink, Halfen
Façade modules including solar
Integration of solar thermal collectors, storage and distribution into metal glass facade modules for tertiary applications
Hydraulics/aeraulicselaboration and design
Enhanced comfort & energy efficiency for historical buildings
Preservation
Conservation
Comfort
Individual solutions
Energy efficiency
Integration of renewables
29effesus.eu
Lime plaster
Roughly squared yellow porphyry
AIR CAVITY
Exterior Interior
Timber laths and battens
Lime mortar
30
Application of advanced materials
Enhance thermal comfort and energy efficiency through advanced materials
Example polyester fiber with aerogel dust as spacefill in walls of historic buildings
Enhanced sustainability for shopping centers energy supply
31commonenergyproject.eu
32
PASSIVE SOLUTIONS
(WP2)
ACTIVE SOLUTIONS
(WP3)
1. Light weight ventilated facade
2. PCM insulation material
3. Aerating windows
1. ORC units
2. Ab/Adsorption chillers
Reduction of the energy demand (heating, cooling, electricity)
More efficient heating, cooling and electricity energy production
Biomass, Geothermal &
Sun
Retrofitting solution packages for public buildings
bricker-project.com
Conclusions … Sustainable heating and cooling for smart
cities is possible Both action on single buildings and energy
provision installations is needed as well as a clear concept for the overall city area development
District Heating and Cooling systems allow with single decisions and in few years a large scale exchange of the existing heating technologies and herewith eventually a strong reduction of emissions
A multi annual plan, combined with support and obligations is regarded as necessary 33
Thank you for the attentionPresentation elaborated with support from and based on the work of
many collaborators of the Institute for Renewable Energy
Wolfram Sparber www.eurac.edu