Heat Treatment in Food Processing Facilities Bins and Silos

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Heat Treatment in Food ProcessingHeat Treatment in Food Processing

Facilities, Bins and SilosFacilities, Bins and Silos

Raj Hulasare, Ph.D., P.Eng.TEMP-AIR, INC;

Burnsville, MN

PAPA Seminar Series

Scottish Rite Center

Sacramento CA 95819September 20, 2007



Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Why Heat - Then & Now

Heat & insects Heating Systems: Pros & Cons

Heat Process

Heat Treatment

PERC Project at Purdue – Bins/Silos

Food Processing Plants

Overview of TEMP-AIR

Conclusion



Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment – – Historical LookHistorical Look

1762, France: 69

o

C / 156o

F for 3 d, moth1860, England: 57oC / 135 oF for grain

1910, USA: heat treatment of mills

1920, USA: 30 mills use heat in OH, PA

1932, France: MB as insecticide

Used first 245 yrs ago!Used first 245 yrs ago!



History of Heat TreatmentsHistory of Heat Treatments

1950’s: Quaker Oats using heat1983: EDB banned

1990’s: increased interest in heat

1992: MB found ozone unfriendly

1994: Dursban in Cheerios

2005: MB to be phased out

2006: MB one-year extension US, Canada



Why Heat Treatment (HT)?Why Heat Treatment (HT)?

ConsumerPreference

HT

Pesticide-freeProducts

InsectResistance

Higher dosage,Life stages?

Eco-FriendlyTechnology

Montreal ProtocolUS Clean Air Act

Green IPM



HeatHeat for Pest Managementfor Pest Management

•

Safe: non-chemical, people-safe

•

Effective: kills all life stages•

Eco-friendly: no ozone depletion, toxic

fumes, or corrosive effect

S

EE

Heat treat: Facilities, Bins & SilosHeat treat: Facilities, Bins & Silos



Heat & Insect DeathHeat & Insect Death

High temperature –

•

Death by Dehydration (low RH)

Above 50 oC / 120 oF

•

Cell membranes “melt”•

Enzyme destruction

•

Change in salt balance•

Protein coagulation



-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Temperature Effects on InsectsTemperature Effects on Insects

Source: P. Fields, AAFC, Canada

Targeted temp. spectrum120 – 140°F (50-60°C)

T e m p e r a

t u r e ( ° C )

T

e m p e r a t u r e ( ° F )



Efficacy to Control PestsEfficacy to Control Pests

MBr – Methyl bromide

PH3 - Phosphine

SF (Profume)

CO2 – Carbon dioxide O3 - Ozone

. . . . .

EfficacyEfficacy – – function of temperaturefunction of temperature



Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment

InsectsInsects – – lethal threshold temperatureslethal threshold temperatures

HT ProcessHT Process

High TemperatureHigh Temperature[120 -

140°F/(50 -

60°C)]

g r a

d u

a l

Low Humidity (≤

25%)(Desiccation/Dehydration)

Ambient temperature Ambient temperature



Heat AdvantagesHeat Advantages

Safe

Effective

Eco-friendly

SEESEE

No evacuation of personnel

No Sealing (except doorways, loading docks etc.)

Spot Treatments – continued productivity in offices,

warehouse etc.



Heat Vs MBHeat Vs MB -- Downtime Comparison (hours)Downtime Comparison (hours)

Methyl Bromide

Sealing……….....0

Set up…….…..4-6Fumigation…....24

Aeration…...12-24

TOTAL……40-54

Thermal Remediation

Set up…………..0

Heat up…….…6-8

Kill Period….…24

Cool down…....2-4

Tear down…….1-2

TOTAL….…33-40Plant evacuation mandatory

Non-treated areas remain

operational



P r

o

c e s

s



ForcedForced-- Air Air (Patented Process)(Patented Process)

US & Canadian Patents

Positive pressure• Good air distribution

• Hot air is pushed into corners,

cracks and crevices

Calculated and controlled

infiltration (4-6 air changes per

hour)

Lower relative humidity



ReRe--circulating Inside Aircirculating Inside Air

Negative pressure

Poor air circulation

Uncontrolled infiltration• No air changes

Low temperature zones(cold spots)



Construction Heat Principles:Construction Heat Principles:

MakeMake--Up vs. RecirculatingUp vs. Recirculating

Recirculating heaters promote thermal stratification and infiltration

Make-up air heaters provide uniform temperatures, pressurize thestructure, and exhaust moisture and fumes



HT of Food Processing PlantsHT of Food Processing Plants

Food/feed processing plants

Warehouses

Bakeries

Pet foods, Baby food plants Flour mills

Dry fruits storages or warehouses

Entire structure or spot treatment



QualityQuality -- A Simplistic View A Simplistic View

Production/Processing

Receiving Marketing/Sales

Management

QualityQC/Sanitation/EHS



Steps in Heat TreatmentSteps in Heat Treatment

Visit & Joint Inspection (Prod, Mktg, Mgmt)Visit & Joint Inspection (Prod, Mktg, Mgmt)

•

Sprinklers, EquipmentEngineeringEngineering

•

Estimator, sizing, layout, power & fuel

MobilizationMobilization•

Equipment shipment, Install and set up

Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment

•

Joint inspection, temperature ramp-up, monitor andhold 24 hr, inspect bug activity, cool down,documentation and wrap-up report



Uniform temperatures to avoid cold or hot pockets

Manage Airflow distribution by ducting and fan placement

Temperature Monitoring throughout heated space

Effective Heat TreatmentEffective Heat Treatment



Wireless TemperatureWireless Temperature

Monitoring SystemMonitoring System

Real Time Monitoring to Permit Adjustment

Documentation for Quality Control

Worker Safety & Labor Savings



Heater

Heater

Heater

Temperature transmitters

Receiver

Untreated Area(Office)

Treated Area

Real-time Wireless Temperature Monitoring



Start of the Heat TreatmentStart of the Heat Treatment

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

9/16, 6:14 9/16, 8:38 9/16, 11:02 9/16, 13:26 9/16, 15:50 9/16, 18:14 9/16, 20:38

Tx:49 sensor in office on 5th floor

Tx: 27Tx: 28Tx: 29Tx: 30Tx: 33Tx: 34

Tx: 35Tx: 36Tx: 37Tx: 38Tx: 39Tx: 40Tx: 41Tx: 42Tx: 43Tx: 44Tx: 45

Tx: 46Tx: 47Tx: 48Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53Tx: 54Tx: 55Tx: 56Tx: 57Tx: 58Tx: 59Tx: 62Tx: 64Tx: 65Tx: 66Tx: 67Tx: 68Tx: 69


Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53

T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° F )

Fig. 1: Real-time Temperature Profile

(27°C)

(38°C)

(49°C)

(60°C)



Tx: 27Tx: 28Tx: 29Tx: 30Tx: 33Tx: 34

Tx: 35Tx: 36Tx: 37Tx: 38Tx: 39Tx: 40Tx: 41Tx: 42Tx: 43Tx: 44Tx: 45Tx: 46Tx: 47Tx: 48Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53Tx: 54Tx: 55



Tx: 49Tx: 50Tx: 51Tx: 52Tx: 53

End of the Heat TreatmentEnd of the Heat Treatment

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

9/16, 20:24 9/16, 22:48 9/17, 1:12 9/17, 3:36 9/17, 6:00 9/17, 8:24 9/17, 10:48 9/17, 13:12

Tx:49 sensor in o ffice on 5th floor

T e m p e r a t u r e ( ° F )

Fig. 2: Real-time Temperature Profile

(27°C)

(38°C)

(49°C)

(60°C)



Spread of Heat TreatmentSpread of Heat Treatment

USA

•

California, Indiana, Minnesota, Kansas,

Dakotas, Arkansas, NJ, Florida, Wisconsin. . .

…….. Canada

•

Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, Maritime

provinces



Heat Treatment of Bins & SilosHeat Treatment of Bins & Silos

Proactive –

PreventativePreventative

&

Reactive -

ResponseResponse



Bins & SilosBins & Silos

Pre-loading or Pre-harvest HT

•

On-farm bins

•

Elevators storages

•

Processing facilities

•

Organic processing plants

Bin/Silo types

•

Concrete

•

Metal GI bins

Tanks



Empty Bin SanitationEmpty Bin Sanitation

Accumulation of BGFM

under bin floors

•

Insect harborage

•

Mold spore accumulation

Difficult to clean bin floors

Available tools difficult to use or unavailable•

Insecticide sprays have to drip through floorperforations

•

Blowing DE through fan does not guaranteeuniform application

•

Chloropicrin no longer available

•

Phosphine requires applicator license



PERC ProjectPERC Project – – Purdue UniversityPurdue University

Heat Treatment of Bins & SilosHeat Treatment of Bins & Silos

Self contained mobile unit

7.5 Hp blower motor

30 KW, 230 V, 3 phase generator 150 gal. capacity LPG tank

1.5 million BTU/hr heater output

TEMP-AIR MHT-1500:

Portable Self Contained UnitPortable Self Contained UnitMobility with Simplicity!Mobility with Simplicity!



Heater Heater

Hopper bottom Flat bottom

HT of bins and silos



Advantages of HT of Bins/Silos Advantages of HT of Bins/Silos

S E E

Shorter treatment times (4 to 12 hours)

Bins/Silos in facilities

•

Treated in rotation without shut-down

On farm or warehouses – no extensive sealing

or evacuation

No retrofitting – existing transition, bin-entry



Oklahoma Co-op grain elevator



IPM, Pest Control Co., & Heat TreatmentIPM, Pest Control Co., & Heat Treatment

IPM - An approach to pest control that

includes biological, cultural, genetic,mechanical and chemical means with least

environmental damage

Pest Control Cos.: Uniquely qualified to use

multiple strategies

Heat Treatment can be A TOOL in thearsenal of pest control methods and NOT

NECESSARILY A REPLACEMENT



TEMPTEMP-- AIR AIR

Largest provider of

temporary heating &cooling equipment

Custom manufactures

HVAC for rental fleet

12 regional offices

serving northern US

Since 1965 & growing stronger. . .Since 1965 & growing stronger. . .

DenverDenver

MilwaukeeMilwaukee

ChicagoChicago

DetroitDetroit

ClevelandCleveland

ColumbusColumbusPhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

BostonBostonMinneapolisMinneapolis

Kansas CityKansas City

PortlandPortland

St. LouisSt. Louis



Construction Heating EquipmentConstruction Heating Equipment

6,000+ rental units

•

Up to 4,500,000 Btu/hr •

Fleet rating 4 BCF/hr

Natural gas- and

propane-fueled heatersSteam, hot water, and

electric available

Primary market iscommercial/industrial;

residential growing



Collaborative ResearchCollaborative Research

Kansas State University

•

Basic research –

Dr. Subi (Stored Product pests)PERC – Propane Edu. Res. Council

•

Purdue University –

Dr. Maier (bins/silos)

•

University of Minnesota -

Dr. Kells (bed bugs)

Oklahoma State University – concrete silos

GTI – Gas Technology Institute•

Soil Nematodes –

MB alternative



ConclusionsConclusions

Heat kills all life stages of insects

Good method to locate insect problems inmill

Mills satisfied with heat treatments and have

become repeat customersViable alternative to methyl bromide

Economies of scale - will make it more

affordable



HT Process: patented scientific process

It’s more of an Art

–

HOW

you apply it



Virtual Tour Virtual Tour











Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

Thanks to:•

Ms Charlotte Carson, PAPA Regional

Education Director

•

All of You for being here



Questions?Questions?

[email protected]

Ph: 1-800-836-7432 -

Raj

www.thermal-remediation.com

Documents

Heat Treatment in Food Processing Facilities Bins and Silos