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HEAT & THE ATMOSPHEREUNIT 3 CHAPTERS 9 & 17
Poirier
Copy these words INB pg 35 Kinetic Theory Temperature Heat Specific Heat Melting Freezing Vaporization
Boiling Condensation Thermal
expansion Conduction Convection Radiation
Ch 9 text book - define the word and give an example
HEAT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1eAOygDP5s
TAKES (absorbs) energy to change solid to liquid to gas
RELEASES (gives off) energy to change gas to liquid to solid
Heat Budget incoming energy = outgoing energy (small excess in incoming due to greenhouse gasses)
Review of the Heat Budget
Insolation - in coming solar radiation
Earth receives ~one two-billionth of the Sun’s energy that travels over 150 million km
How does the Sun’s Energy get here?
Transfer of heat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y3mfA
GVn1c&index=2&list=PLfWzdt-EmKBsIWxbvOj_uqGoZ5kPb6IdH
For our purposes, heat = energy
How does the Sun’s Energy get here?
Transfer of Energy
Radiation - through space via electromagnetic waves
Conduction - through molecular collisions (touch)
Convection – through liquid or gas due to differences in density.
1. You can feel the radiation from the fire, it heats the material in the pot – transfer of heat through space
2. Convection currents inside the pot cause the material to boil. Hotter material is less dense, so it rises. It then cools again and sinks – transfer of heat through liquid or gas
3. If you were to grab the pot, your hand would burn due to conduction -- transfer of heat via touch.
Up Up and Away
Convection – heat through fluids (air & water)
The effect of temperature on density of air
Materials Balloon Glass bottles Bucket ice water Bucket hot water SAFETY GLASSES
Observations Up Up and Away
Trial 1 cold to hot Trial 2 hot to cold
Predict - sketch set up, use arrows to predict air movement
Sketch and explain results
Analysis Questions – write in complete sentences
Up Up and Away post lab
On Earth what is the source that heats air?
Does it heat everything the same?
Temperature Variations
Angle of intensity Time of day Latitude Time of year
Cloud cover
Surface cover
Insolation activity
Why is it hotter at the Equator?
Investigate different heating effects of sunlight
Data Collection
Use pencil - show all your calculations
On a half-sheet of graph paper carefully trace the lit area from the globe diagram (label A, B, C)
Each grid square = 10, estimate the “area” of each grid square inside the three sun spots. Total the numbers and write next to your tracing
Assume a “ray” of sunlight = 10,000 kwh (kilowatts per hour)
Determine the rate of energy supplied per area 10,000kwh/”area” = rate of energy. circle this number
Analysis
1) Which sun spot (A, B or C) receives the most energy, Why?
2) Which letter represents the equator? The northern polar region?
3) Use your data to explain the fact that the equator is always hotter than the poles?
Reason for Seasons
Earth is tilted on its axisNorthern Hemisphere Summer
Notice where insolation
strikes at a 90O angle
Which gets Hotter?
Investigate the rates at which different materials heat
Materials Thermometers Cups [air (black, white & aluminum foil)
water] Lamp with 100 watt bulb Meter stick Timer
Data Collection & Analysis
Record data in table
Graph your data on a half sheet – use all aspects of a good graph
Answer analysis questions in complete sentences with detail and no pronouns
Weather Insolation + uneven heating = weather
Weather is what distributes the sun’s energy (Energy Budget) and moderates the Earth’s temperatures
Water Cycle Review
Aquifer Condensation Evaporation Infiltration Precipitation Transpiration Respiration Runoff Storage
Sketch the water cycle (INB page __)
Include ALL the words listed on the right
TAKES ENERGY - BLUE arrows
RELEASES ENERGY – RED arrows