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Heat and Cold EmergenciesPeople at risk for heat-cold emergencies include those who
work or exercise outdoors, elderly people, young children and people with health problems.
Heat-Related Injuries(Page 177)
Heat CrampsLeast SevereFirst signals of a heat emergencyCause painful muscle spasm
Care for Heat CrampsRest and give cool liquidsLightly stretch, apply cold
Heat Exhaustion
More severe than heat crampsAffects athletes, firefighters, construction
workers, etc. those working in hot humid environments
Signs and symptomsCool pale or ashen skin, sweating HeadacheNausea, vomitingDizziness, weakness and exhaustion
Treatment for Heat Exhaustion Remove the person from the sourceLoose clothing and apply cool wet clothsYou may also cool the victim with a fanIf conscious, give cool fluids to drinkElevate the feet
Heat StrokeMost severe, life threatening!Extension of Heat ExhaustionThe body’s systems are overwhelmed by heat
and begin to shut down, the brain stops first!
Signs and symptoms of Heat Stroke
Skin is hot, red and dryChange in consciousnessRapid, weak pulseShallow breathing
Treatment for Heat Stroke
Call 911 immediately Move him to a cool place Lay them on their back, no foot elevationRemove clothing and wrap in a cool blanketMonitor ABC’S
How does the wind affect how we feel in the winter?
Cold-Related Injuries
Frostbite- the freezing of a body part The skin will appear waxyThe skin is cold to touch The skin will be red to white to black
Care for Frostbite
What you doHandle with care
If you do warm the area, soak it in luke warm water
Bandage loosely
Place cotton between toes or fingers
What you don’t doDo not rub the area
Do not attempt to rewarm if there is a chance it will refreeze
Do not use hot water
Do not break blisters
Hypothermia
The entire body begins to cool because the ability to warm itself fails.
Humidity and wind will hasten hypothermia
Signals of Hypothermia
Shivering, if it stops without warming, this is a life threatening situation
NumbnessGlassy StareConfusionAltered state of consciousness
Treatment for Hypothermia
Remove from the cold if ableWarm the body gradually by using blanketsRemove wet clothingIf alert, give warm liquids
Severe Hypothermia
This is a life threatening condition, the person may experience respiratory and cardiac arrest.
As a rescuer, you need to monitor ABC’S and be prepared to do CPR and use the AED.
Objectives
• Explain the conditions of Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke
• Explain how to treat each heat emergency
• Explain the conditions of Frost Bite and Hypothermia
• Explain to treat each cold emergency condition