HeartDisease,Hypertension,Stroke,And

8/9/2019 HeartDisease,Hypertension,Stroke,And

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Heart Disease,Hypertension, Stroke, and

DiabetesIvan Suneel Samuel

FCCULahore


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Coronary heart disease

• CHD is a general term that refers to illnessescaused by artherosclerosis, the narroing ofthe coronary arteries, the vessels that supply

the heart ith blood!• "s a result #o of o$ygen or nourishment is

partially or completely obstructed!

• %ith lo nourishment the person has pain

that radiates across the chest and arm, knonas angina pectoris!

• Severe deprivation may lead to a heart attack


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CHD

• It is more common in men

• &isk factors include, high blood pressure,diabetes, cigarette smoking, obesity, high

serum cholesteral level, and lo physicalactivity!

• "cute stress and negative emotion andreactivity is also associated ith CHD!

• %ork place, 'ob strain, lo control, lo 'obsecurity, high ork pressure, are alsorelated to heart disease


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(ype " )ehavior

• (ype " behavior hich as thoughtto be one of the causes of CHD hassome characteristics such as easily

aroused hostility, sense of timeurgency, and competitiveachievement strivings

• (hey may lead to poor health as ell


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*egative +motions

• Hostility and other negative emotionsmay aect risk for CHD!

• Higher hostility is associated ithmore ca-ne consumption, highereight, smoking, alcoholconsumption and hypertension


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.odi/cation

• &ela$ation e$ercise

• Deep breathing

• "erobic e$ercise

• %eight training

• Cognitive behavioral stress management

• 0oal setting on physical, psychological,

social and spiritual level

• Cardiac rehabilitation


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Hypertension

• Hpertension or high blood pressure occurshen the supply of blood through vessels ise$cessive, putting pressure on the vessels!

•

Hypertension is s risk factor for otherdisorders such as CHD, kidney failure, andstroke!

• Untreated hypertension can also aect

cognitive functioning, producing in learning,memory, attention, abstract reasoning!


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H(

• Hypertension seems to be characteri1ed

both by greater reactivity in response tostress and by sloer recovery

• Chronic anger may also contribute todevelopment of hypertension

• 2besity

• Dietary factors

• 3ersonality factors such as tendency

toards anger, an$iety, and e$cessivestriving in the face of oddities

• Stress has been implicated ith H(


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(reatment

• &ela$ation training

• Deep breathing

• Imagery

• Hypnosis

• Self calming talk

• 0oal setting

• (ime management

•

Self reinforcement• "nger management

• Stress management

• Cognitive restructuring


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Stroke

• Stroke occurs hen blood #o tolocali1ed areas of the brain isinterrupted, a condition that could be

due to arteriosclerosis orhypertension

• Stroke can be caused by cerebral

hemorrhage! &upture of a bloodvessel in the brain! %hen the bloodleaks it pushes the brain to one side


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Stroke

• &isk factors include high bloodpressure, heart disease, cigarettesmoking etc

• Stroke eects all aspects of ones life4personal, vocational, and physical!

• It leads to dependency at least for ahile!

• (hey also could hve depression,an$iety, speech problem, physically

being challenged etc


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Stroke

• Intervention is done on four levels

• 5 3sychotherapy including treatment fordepression

• 6! Cognitive remedial training to resolveintellectual functioning

• 7! (raining in speci/c skills development

• 8! Use of structured, stimulatingenvironments to challenge the strokepatients capabilities

• Counseling


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Diabetes

• Diabetes is a chronic disorder inhich the body is not able tomanufacture or properly utili1e

insuline!

• Insuline is the horomone secreted bythe pancreas that controls the

movement of glucose into cells andglucose metabolism

• (his leads to e$cessive glucose in the

blood hich is discharged in to the


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(ypes• (ype I 9insuline dependent:; It usually

relatively in live beteen < to 57!Symptoms are fre=uent urination, unusualthirst, e$cessive drinking of #uids, eightloss, fatigue, eakness, irritability, nausea,

uncontrollable craving for food and fainting• (ype II 9insuline independent:; 2ccurs after

age 8>! Syptoms are fre=uent urination,fatigue, dryness of mouth, impotence,

irregular menstruation, loss of sensation,fre=uent infection on the skin, pain or cramsin the legs, /ngers, slo healing of the cuts

•

Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia


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.anagement

• Causes are; ?iral or bacterial damageto the pancreas and the insulineproducing cells and may result into

an autoimmune dysfunction

• Dietary factors

• 2besity

• Stress

• 3rolonged depression and an$iety

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HeartDisease,Hypertension,Stroke,And