Healthy Livestock and People: the European approach · Martin Scholten 1 Healthy Livestock and People: the European approach Martin C.Th. Scholten Wageningen UR and Animal Task Force

Martin Scholten 1

Healthy Livestock and People: the European approach

Martin C.Th. Scholten

Wageningen UR and Animal Task Force

12 July 2015

@mcthscholten

Livestock Production in Europe

LSU

cattle

poultry

sheep

pigs

Contributes substantially to the European economy (€130bn annually)

Supports nutrition security, development of rural areas and ecosystem services.

Is an essential part of a bio-based economy in Europe

https://twitter.com/mcthscholten?utm_campaign=resetpw20100823&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=email&utm_source=resetpw

Martin Scholten 2

Recycling Biomass ! Protein Management

1. Agro Economy: Feed or Food?

Biomass Production

FEED FOOD

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJWf28G7h8YCFYgr2wodkloA1A&url=http://www.innocentdrinks.co.uk/blog/food-and-drink&ei=SGd5VZXbEYjX7AaStYGgDQ&bvm=bv.95277229,d.bGg&psig=AFQjCNHbW3mx4ctWoKx00UVT8IQXJaOZgQ&ust=1434106054453735

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCLzwiqzDh8YCFcFx2wodkZoAcw&url=http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/food-carbon-footprint-diet&ei=fm95Vby5GcHj7QaRtYKYBw&bvm=bv.95277229,d.bGg&psig=AFQjCNE313YA6_qieuHQ6sj1PaIJWmaflw&ust=1434108155614610

Martin Scholten 3

2. Biobased Economy: Needs “Fuel”

Biomass Production

FEED FOOD

“FUEL”

3. Circular Biobased Economy: Use Livestock

Biomass Production

FEED FOOD

“FUEL”

Martin Scholten 4

The Importance of Livestock

7

Converts raw biomass in nutritious food

Contributes to biomass cycling

Serves the agro-ecosystem functioning

Supplies nutritious demand for proteins and fatty acids

Reduces Land Use per Unit Human Edible Protein

More Animal Proteins Demanded

Martin Scholten 5

The Perspectives of Livestock Production 2050

People Food Feed

465 MT

+70%

1045

MT

+60%

110 MT

+60%

1000 MT

+35%

1,6 Gha

+15%

3,4 Gha

+0%

Livestock Densities: a Big Challenge and Concern

10

HOTSPOT.NL

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=eieren&source=images&cd=&docid=T2TeRxLe6RNr7M&tbnid=YiCMcdXk2YzjOM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.scientias.nl/twee-eieren-per-dag-is-niet-ongezond/25307&ei=bLOrUYflPMLjO_W4gcgH&psig=AFQjCNEKUcFso_zwRzkSjva43q2tVXVupA&ust=1370293472957869

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.efeedlink.com/contents/07-16-2014/a827f6e2-0672-4f25-aa67-24c7a1b823c0-d002.html&ei=-kefVcr6NIPD7galhI2YCA&bvm=bv.97653015,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNEagrna4dWTJ3eFTBbkBmsOisiKWg&ust=1436588382754133

Martin Scholten 6

Netherlands: A Hot Spot

497 people per km2 land

After Bangladesh, South Korea and Taiwan

2nd largest exporter of food

and agriculture products

After USA

Change leader in animal

welfare quality and

environmental quality

11

17 million people

12 million pigs

100 million chickens

3,9 million dairy cows

1 million veal calves

1 million fur animals

6 million pets

500.000 horses

A large wildlife population

Netherlands Case: Q-Fever 2009-2010

12

Martin Scholten 7

Livestock Farming with Care

M.C.Th. Scholten, I.J.M. de Boer, B. Gremmen, C. Lokhorst; Livestock Farming with Care: towards sustainable production of animal-source food NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, Volume 66, November 2013, Pages 3–5

Societal Challenges

Resource Efficiency (Protein Management)

Responsible Livestock Production

Healthy Livestock and People

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=M82vMkv5XQuLDM&tbnid=Gf88IpJyWs_sYM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://dolecrs.com/&ei=UGB3UsH-BqfB0QWsuYDoDQ&psig=AFQjCNGyv0Lt4GVaTOQhWnMNcDjzbR4Ilw&ust=1383641060512013

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=a6KP_gF3LEPIaM&tbnid=32LFv1heL9JsUM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://coyotegulch.wordpress.com/category/colorado-water/&ei=rGB3UrWWOoK30QWrtIGoDQ&psig=AFQjCNG1eNuPZoiJkd0QKr5c234vkxSBqQ&ust=1383641617852960

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Kz8og_EYm6poDM&tbnid=ZYv0ZFiXyPQAjM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.folknepal.com/content.php?page_id=11&page=fair-trade&ei=uoZ3Ur4cgsbRBarUgcgH&bvm=bv.55819444,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNGZP9WmLSSxLUfPK92-80lOsjVF_Q&ust=1383651310510246

Martin Scholten 8

Wheel of Innovation

Pathogen Virulence factors Host/cell tropism

Environment Feed

Welfare Antibiotic use Management

Gut health

Healthy farming

Host Genetic background Immune competence Vaccination/infection

Healthy Livestock

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ilri+logo&source=images&cd=&docid=DYuqy8QyhgjkeM&tbnid=8qZTubRg8yfnWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://jobsplashng.blogspot.com/2010/11/international-livestock-research.html&ei=1V-rUZ3lOMXvPKf6gcgC&psig=AFQjCNHZecvX8JadNGaPmiEEMtat7AhYTQ&ust=1370272075917694

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sustainable+agricultural+initiative&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=dHbx0mBh1Bow3M&tbnid=pqaNycTWvidQnM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.unctad.info/en/Sustainability-Claims-Portal/Discussion-Forum/Environmental/Web-links/&ei=xXiHUdHKN-yZ0QX1yYBI&bvm=bv.45960087,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHdFzNz_C5HvmanyW-qNuPnI5EZ-Q&ust=1367919164074141

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=eaap&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=i7c4acfmGRhsIM&tbnid=461-8887EnBBFM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.psas-web.net/&ei=kAalUbSzO4Pv0gW7-oDgCA&bvm=bv.47008514,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNGCcRMLfZTfWtpk01amnzoXxinftg&ust=1369855991023834

Martin Scholten 9

Healthy Livestock and Healthy People

17

Safe & Nutritious Food

Zoonosis', AMR

Healthy Farming

18

Prevention, control and eradication

The microbiome: host – pathogen

Release of zoonotic diseases

Mitigation (vector borne) diseases

No preventive use of antimicrobes

Fortification robustness (pre & neonatal)

Modulation of the immune system

Martin Scholten 10

Interrelated One Health Issues

(Re-)emerging Infections

Healthy Farming

To apply new know-how to livestock farming and to the improvement of animal health, welfare and sustainable productivity while ensuring food-chain quality and healthy rural living.

To better understand infection biology and dynamics and to develop innovative solutions for the prevention and control of existing and emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals.

To better understand the impact of changing ecosystems on public, animal and environmental health and to overcome One Health risks occurring in nature at the interface of human, animal and wildlife activity.

Wildlife and Ecosystems

To better understand the emergence, transmission and dynamics of AMR and to improve and expand tools for AMR prevention and intervention.

Anti Microbial Resistance

Many Interrelated Societal Challenges

Morbidity and mortality infections

Morbidity and mortality infections

No license to produce Morbidity and mortality

infections

Incidence AMR

Abuse AM

Infected human or animals

Infectious diseases

Epidemeologics

Inadequate response

Infected Wildlife and vectors

Transmissiom to human and livestock

Reservoir in ecosystems

Efficient production

Nuisance to enviroment

Public Health risks

(Antimicrobial Resistance

(Re-) emerging

infections Healthy farming

Wildlife & ecosystems

Martin Scholten 11

Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR)

Emerging Infections

He

althy Farm

ing

Dissemination

&

Education

! Emerging diseases

from wildlife threaten human

and animal health

! The mission is to decrease detrimental

effects of wildlife disease on human health and livestock production

systems

!

!

!

Detection capacities are

limited

Role of environment on disease spread

unknown

Intervention

solutions unknown

SOLUTION SETS

!

!

!

Increase detection capacity

Develop models/ methods to have a

better understanding of disease spread

Develop control

strategies

Wildlife

vectors

Martin Scholten 12

The Concept of a Multidisciplinary Approach

(Re-) emerging Infections

Antimicrobial Resistance

Healt

hy

Farm

ing

W

ild

life

&

Ecosyste

m

Healt

h

One Health: a Wide Web

Martin Scholten 13

It is a Global One Health!!!

Avian Influenza A H5N1

EHEC/EAEC (toxic E. coli)

Schmallenberg

Malaria

Ebola

Global Research Cooperation Changes the World

26

2007 2013

http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock.pdf

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=fao&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Gh-0SaFJA_EN7M&tbnid=mwdym02clZcwlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.kulmiyenews.com/?nid=11064&ei=24mIUZqqOOO60QWni4CIDQ&bvm=bv.45960087,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHTeMCNCMS12W-UvhcY-_8pb1O-9Q&ust=1367989071659206

Martin Scholten 14

Livestock No Shadow?

• Genotyping low methane production for selection

• Improving feed quality and digestibility

• Improving animal health and husbandry conditions

• Manure management: collection, storage and utilisation

• Improving C sequestration soils

• Precision Livestock Farming Perspective: 40+% methane reduction

Animal Health GHG Network

Provide evidence that methane production is related to health

status

Identify diagnostic indicators

Health management, including medication

Started in 2014

twitter.com/AHGHGN

http://www.globalresearchalliance.org/updates/2013/uk-agri-science-innovation-newsletter/



Martin Scholten 15

Key for Improvement: Resilience and Robustness

Neonatal Interventions

Immuno Modulation

Animal Welfare

Animal Health

Example 1: Monitoring Welfare

Martin Scholten 16

Example 2: Smart Use of Biologicals

Gene technologies

Immuno-modulations (beta glucans)

Vaccine adjuvants (T cell activation)

DNA vaccination

Mucosal vaccines

Bacteriophages

Probiotics

Diagnostics

Example 3: Neonatal Fatty Acids Supplements &

Improved Intestine Immunology

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

SA-Con SA-MCT CA-Con CA-MCT

mg

/L

Treatment

CRP, (Trm, P<0.05)

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.nutraingredients.com/Research/Bill-Gates-Foundation-backs-microbiome-engineering-to-boost-infant-health&ei=gEpmVbfkFoH0Uqz5gPAB&bvm=bv.93990622,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNH_vl0yS47j2HkTKWJ6Cjhdra8v-A&ust=1432853500527077

Martin Scholten 17

Example 4: Early Feeding after Hatch

Growth performance

Immune response later life

Long term effects microbiota composition

Example 5: Microbial Antagonism from Isolates

Proof of Principle for Streptococcus suis

Martin Scholten 18

Innovation vs Regulation

INNOVATION

REGULATION

policies

restrictions

adoption

Thanks

Documents

Healthy Livestock and People: the European approach · Martin Scholten 1 Healthy Livestock and People: the European approach Martin C.Th. Scholten Wageningen UR and Animal Task Force