Healthy Hearts, Heart Disease

And Defects

Harold P. Hoffberg EMT-P February 14, 2012

Definition of Heart Disease or CVD

Anatomy Lesson

Signs and Symptoms

Risk factors

Congenital heart defects

Heart Disease

“Ailment that involves the heart and or blood vessels”

Aginia/ Chest PainHeart FailureHeart Attack

StrokeCardiac Arrest

Heart Disease Largest cause of death worldwide

Responsible for more deaths than cancer in the United States

Approx 600,000 people die from CVD with the majority being over age 65.

***Affects all ages, races, and both sexes.****

1:9 Death certificates stated/ mentioned Heart failure

36% of adults reported no vigorous activity

1 death every 39-46 seconds

785,000 americans will have a new ailment

470,000 will have a reoccurance

26% of women died from CVD.

Anatomy

Anatomy of Heart

Circulatory System and Vessels

Atherosclerosis vs. Arterosclerosis

Both include hardening of the arteries due to plaque

Restricts Blood flow and oxygen

Can occur anywhere in the Body

Atherosclerosis vs. Arterosclerosis

Athero: Yellow plaque containing cholesterol, lipids, and liphophages. Found in inner intima layers of large to medium sized arteries.

Artereo: Pinkish plaque and found in smaller areas of arteries – Arterioles.

Anatomy

Chest Pain Signs/ Symptoms Uncomfortable chest pain or

pressure lasting more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back.

Pain of discomfort in either arm, back jaw or stomach *****

Shortness of breath with or without discomfort

Other signs such as breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness.

Women present differently with chest pain

Heart Disese and Stroke

2 Types

Block- Ischemic Bleed- Hemorragic

Risk Factors

High Blood Pressure

Smoking

Diabetes

Obesity

Heart Disease- High Blood Pressure Defined as: “ 140/ 90”

76, 400,000 Americans dx. with HTN

Equal between men and women

80% are aware they have HTN

48% are controlling it with medication or lifestyle

At risk for Stroke…

Heart Disease- Smokers

Toxins in Cigarettes cause atherosclerosis

May contribute to CHF

Contains CO- carbon monoxide which causes fatigue and chest pain

Second hand smoke

Heart Disease- Diabetes

Leading cause of Heart disease or CVD

2-4 times more likely to have a stroke or CVD

Relates back to HTN and obesity

Coupled with smoking doubles the risk again.

Heart Disease- Obesity

Was found to be large and major cluster for risk factors

Leads to overweight and insulin resistance

36% of adults report no vigorous activity

Increased carbohydrates, sugars and starches

Increased portion sizes

Heart Disease- $$$$ cost factors $$$$

Cancer Treatment : $ 228,000,000,000

Heart Disease: $ 286,000,000,000 – $316,000,000,000

“Can we fix it- Yes we can”- Bob the Builder

Congenital Heart Defects

Exist at and are usually developed before birth

Affects blood flow, vessels, and Heart itself- walls valves and placement

9:1000 adults are affected 1:125 infants

Congenital Heart Defect – Causes

Exact causes are unknown

Genetics

Environmental factors

German Measels

Viral infections

Industrial solvents

Medications: Thalidomide and Acutane

Congenital Heart Defects : WHAT ARE THEY ???

Patent ductus arterious

Septal Defects

Coarctation of the Aorta

Tetraology of Fallot

Transposition of the great arteries

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Congenital Heart Defects –

EKG’s, X-rays, echocardiograms, catherizations

May or may not require treatment or surgery

References and Sources

Dorland, WA. Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary 28th ed. WB sauders co. Philadelphia . 1994

RogerVL, Go,AS, Lloyd-Jones DM et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2011 update- A report from the American heart assoctation. Circulation 2011. m.circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/4/e. American heart association. Date of access- Jan 31, 2012.

www.cdc.gov/nchs/faststats/heart.htm Dec 12, 2011. Center for disease control. Date of access- Jan 30, 2012.

www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/facts/docs/fs_heart_disease.pdf. Jan 2010 Center for disease control. Date of access- Jan 30, 2012.

www.marchofdimes.com/baby/birthdefects_congenitalheart.html. May 2008March of Dimes. Date of access- Jan 31, 2012

www.mayoclinic.com/health/congential-heart-defects/CC00026. Aug 2, 2011Mayo Clinic. Date of access- Feb 1, 2012

http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view. Date of Access January 29, 2012

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