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Wisconsin Department of Health Services January 2014 P-00522I Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report Injury and Violence

Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report Injury and Violence

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Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report Injury and Violence. Chapter outline. Chapter Outline. Background Overview of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators Rationale Key points Data - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

Wisconsin Department of Health Services

January 2014 P-00522I

Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities Report

Injury and Violence

Page 2: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Background• Overview of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities

Report • Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators• Rationale• Key points

Data• Youth risk behavior and exposure• Adult risk behavior and exposure• Injury mortality• Injury-related hospitalization

References

Links to additional reports and resources

Contacts

Chapter Outline

2

Chapter outline

Page 3: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Report Overview

• This chapter is part of a larger report created by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to track progress on the objectives of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 (HW2020) and identify health disparities in the state. The full report is available at: http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/p00522.pdf

• The report is designed to address the Health Focus Areas in HW2020. Where direct measures exist, data are presented; where direct measures are not available, related information may be included.

• Information about populations experiencing health disparities is provided in the Health Focus Area chapters and is summarized in separate chapters devoted to specific populations.

• Technical notes are available at: http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/p00522y.pdf

Report overview

3

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Report Format

Full Report• Format: PDF • Intended use: reference document

Chapters• Format: Annotated PowerPoint slide set• Intended uses: presentations to

– Decision-makers– Service providers– Community leaders– The public

Sample annotated slide

Report overview

4

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Report Outline

Executive Summary

Section 1: Introduction

Section 2: Demographic overview

Section 3: Health focus areas

Section 4: Infrastructure focus areas

Section 5: Data summaries by population

Section 6: Technical notes

Report overview

5

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Report Outline: Detail

Section 3: Health focus areas

• Alcohol and other drug use• Chronic disease prevention and management• Communicable diseases• Environmental and occupational health• Healthy growth and development• Injury and violence• Mental health• Nutrition and healthy foods• Oral health• Physical activity• Reproductive and sexual health• Tobacco use and exposure

Section 4: Infrastructure focus areas• Access to health care

Report overview

6

Page 7: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

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Report Outline: Detail

Section 5: Data summaries by population

Racial/ethnic minority populationso American Indianso Asianso Blackso Hispanics

  People of lower socioeconomic status  People with disabilities  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations  Geography

Report overview

7

Page 8: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

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Data notes

• Please refer to the Technical Notes chapter for a more detailed description of limitations and methods: http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/p00522y.pdf

• The 95% confidence intervals are denoted by error bars. Where confidence intervals do not overlap, as shown in the example on the right, differences are statistically significant. Larger confidence intervals may indicate less reliable estimates that should be interpreted with caution.

• Population estimates that are considered unreliable are excluded.

• Misclassification of racial/ethnic groups may affect the accuracy of rates.

• Unless otherwise indicated, the Hispanic population may include people of various races; Whites, Blacks, Asians, and American Indians are non-Hispanic.

Report overview

8

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Factors that influence health

Social determinants

of health

Source: University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. County Health Rankings 2013, http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/our-approach

Report overview

9

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Objective 1

By 2020, reduce the leading causes of injury (falls, motor vehicle crashes, suicide/self-harm, poisoning and homicide/assault) and violence through policies and programs that create safe environments and practices.

Objective 1 Indicators

• Morbidity from falls, assaults, motor vehicle crashes, poisoning and self-harm.

• Mortality from falls, homicide, suicide, motor vehicle crashes and poisoning.

• Number of crash occupants (motor vehicles, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians with moving vehicle).

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Injury and Violence Focus Area Profile.

Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators

10

HW2020 objectives

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Objective 2

By 2020, increase access to primary, secondary and tertiary prevention initiatives and services that address mental and physical injury and violence.

Objective 2 Indicators

• Reimbursement for preventive services related to injury and violence (Medicaid/BadgerCare, medical service billing codes).

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Injury and Violence Focus Area Profile.

Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators

11

HW2020 objectives

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Objective 3

By 2020, reduce disparities in injury and violence among populations of differing races, ethnicities, sexual identities and orientations, gender identities, and educational or economic status.

Objective 3 Indicators

• Disparity ratios in hospitalizations from falls, poisoning and self-harm.

• Mortality from homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle crashes.

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Injury and Violence Focus Area Profile.

Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 objectives and indicators

12

HW2020 objectives

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Rationale

• “Injury and violence” encompasses a broad array of topics. Unintentional injuries are often referred to as accidents despite being highly preventable. Intentional injuries are those that were purposely inflicted, and often involve a violent act.

• Injuries are the leading cause of death among Wisconsin people aged 1-44 years and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality at all ages.

• Injuries and violence occur in all ages, races, and socioeconomic classes. However, some groups are more affected.

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Healthiest Wisconsin 2020, Injury and Violence Focus Area Profile.13

Rationale

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Key pointsYouth Risk Behavior and Exposure

• Significant disparities exist in the prevalence of youth risk behaviors for injury and exposure to violence. For example:

o Black students were more likely to report being exposed to school violence, feeling unsafe at school, experiencing partner violence, rarely or never wearing a seat belt, and less likely to drink and drive than were their White counterparts.

o White students had the lowest rate of feeling unsafe at school of all racial/ethnic groups.

o Sexual minority students were more likely to be exposed to school violence, to be bullied, to feel unsafe at school, to experience partner violence, and to be forced into having sex.

14

Key points

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Key pointsAdult Risk Behavior and Exposure

• Approximately one-quarter of Wisconsin adults said they do not wear a seat belt when riding in a car.

• Significant disparities exist in the prevalence of adult risk behaviors related to seat belt use. The following groups were significantly more likely to not wear a seat belt than their counterparts:

o Males compared to females.

o Adults ages 18-24 compared to adults ages 65 and older.

o Low-income adults compared to middle and high income adults.

o Adults without a high school diploma compared to adults with a high school education or more.

15

Key points

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Key pointsMortality

• Falls and suicide were the two leading causes of injury-related death in Wisconsin in 2010.

• The leading cause of injury-related death varied by age group:o Less than one year: Suffocation.o 1-4 years: Drowning.o 5-24 years: Motor vehicle crashes.o 25-64 years: Suicide.o 65+ years: Falls.

• For some of the causes of injury-related death, one or two racial and ethnic groups had significantly higher age-adjusted mortality rates than other racial and ethnic groups:o Falls: White.o Motor vehicle crashes: American Indian.o Unintentional poisoning: Black and American Indian.o Homicide: Black.o Suicide: American Indian.

16

Key points

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Youth risk behavior and exposure

17

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Motor vehicle risk behaviors among Wisconsin high school students, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2011

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.

Rarely or never wear seat belt Ride with someone who has been drinking alcohol

Drive after drinking alcohol0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

11% 26% 11%26% 27% 6%17% 29% 7%11% 26% 7%14% 34% 21%

White Black

Hispanic Asian

American Indian

18

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Motor vehicle risk behaviors among Wisconsin high school students by sexual minority status, 2007-2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Rarely or never wear seat belt

Ride with some-one who has been drinking

alcohol

Drive after drink-ing alcohol

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

21% 39% 19%

Sexual majoritySexual minority

19

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Exposure to school violence among Wisconsin high school students, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.Note: Estimates that are unreliable (based on Relative Standard Error or small sample size) are not shown; this means an estimate may not be presented for every population group.

Youth risk behavior and exposure

20

Carry a weapon at school

Was in a fight at school in past 12

months

Was hit, punched, or kicked in past 12

months

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

17% 19% 24%10% 8% 16%14% 22%22% 23%

White Black

Hispanic Asian

American Indian

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Exposure to school violence among Wisconsin high school students, by sexual minority status, 2007-2011

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.21

Carry a weapon at school Was in a fight at school in past 12 months

Was hit, punched, or kicked in past 12 months

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

13% 11% 20%18% 21% 31%

Sexual majoritySexual minority

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Bullying and perception of school violence among Wisconsin high school students, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2011

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Bullied at school Agree violence is a problem at school

Agree bullying is a problem at school

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

24% 34% 45%16% 44% 41%21% 34% 51%14% 34% 46%35% 34% 50%

WhiteBlackHispanicAsianAmerican Indian

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.22

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Bullying and perception of school violence among Wisconsin high school students, by sexual minority status, 2007-2011

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Bullied at school Agree bullying is a problem at school

Agree violence is a problem at school

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

22% 39% 36%35% 44% 36%

Sexual majoritySexual minority

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.23

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Perceptions of school safety among Wisconsin high school students, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.Note: Estimates that are unreliable (based on Relative Standard Error or small sample size) are not shown; this means an estimate may not be presented for every population group.

Skipped school because felt unsafe

Felt threatened at school Rarely feel safe from physical harm while at school

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

3% 4% 7%8% 12% 21%7% 6% 13%12% 19%

WhiteBlackHispanicAsianAmerican Indian

Youth risk behavior and exposure

24

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Perceptions of school safety among Wisconsin high school students, by sexual minority status, 2007-2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.

Skipped school because felt unsafe

Felt threatened at school Rarely feel safe from physical harm while at school

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

5% 6% 9%13% 15% 16%

Sexual majoritySexual minority

Youth risk behavior and exposure

25

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Partner violence among Wisconsin high school students, by race/ethnicity, 2007-2011

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Hit by boyfriend or girlfriend in past 12 months

Ever forced into having sex0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

7% 9%15% 12%8% 10%7% 9% 9%

White Black

Hispanic Asian

American Indian

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.Note: Estimates that are unreliable (based on Relative Standard Error or small sample size) are not shown; this means an estimate may not be presented for every population group.

26

Page 27: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

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Partner violence among Wisconsin high school students, by sexual minority status, 2007-2011

Youth risk behavior and exposure

Hit by boyfriend or girlfriend in past 12 months

Ever forced into having sex0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

11% 12%24% 35%

Sexual majoritySexual minority

Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); 2007, 2009, 2011 combined dataset.27

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Adult risk behavior and exposure

28

Page 29: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

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Non-use of seat belts and fall-related injuries among Wisconsin adults, by sex, 2010 and 2011

Adult risk behavior and exposure

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2009-2011 combined landline-cell dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2010 and 2011.

Does not always wear a seat belt One or more fall-related injuries in past 3 months (ages 45+)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

24% 32%31% 28%16% 37%

Total

Male

Female

29

Page 30: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

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Non-use of seat belts among Wisconsin adults, by age, 2010 and 2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2009-2011 combined landline-cell dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2010 and 2011.

Does not always wear a seat belt One or more fall-related injuries in past month

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

32% 26% 22% 16%

18 - 2425 - 4445 - 6465+

Adult risk behavior and exposure

30

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Age-adjusted rate of seat belt non-use and rate of fall-related injuries among Wisconsin adults, by race/ethnicity, 2008, 2010, 2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2008-2011 landline-only dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Rates of seat belt use are age-adjusted; rates of fall-related injury are not age-adjusted but are limited to the population 45 and older. Estimates that are unreliable (based on Relative Standard Error or small sample size) are not shown; this means an estimate may not be presented for every population group.

Does not always wear a seat belt One or more fall-related injuries in past 3 months (ages 45+)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

25% 31%33% 40%32% 29%

WhiteBlackHispanicAmerican Indian

Adult risk behavior and exposure

31

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Age-adjusted rate of seat belt non-use and rate of fall-related injuries among Wisconsin adults, by household income, 2008, 2010, 2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2008-2011 landline-only dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Rates of seat belt use are age-adjusted; rates of fall-related injury are not age-adjusted but are limited to the population 45 and older.

Does not always wear a seat belt One or more fall-related injuries in past 3 months (ages 45+)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

22% 44%13% 29%10% 31%

Low income (<$20,000)Middle income ($20,000-$74,999)High income ($75,000+)

Adult risk behavior and exposure

32

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Age-adjusted rate of seat belt non-use and rate of fall-related injuries among Wisconsin adults, by level of urbanization, 2008, 2010, 2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2008-2011 landline-only dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Rates of seat belt use are age-adjusted; rates of fall-related injury are not age-adjusted but are limited to the population 45 and older.

Does not always wear a seat belt One or more fall-related injuries in past 3 months (ages 45+)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

27% 38%24% 33%27% 29%

Milwaukee CountySmaller metropolitan countiesNon-metropolitan counties

Adult risk behavior and exposure

33

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Age-adjusted rate of seat belt non-use among Wisconsin adults, by disability status, 2008, 2010, 2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2008-2011 landline-only dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Rates of seat belt use are age-adjusted.

Does not always wear a seat belt0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

30%

No disability

Disability

Adult risk behavior and exposure

34

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Age-adjusted rate of seat belt non-use and rate of fall-related injuries among Wisconsin adults, by sexual orientation, 2008, 2010, 2011

Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS); 2008-2011 landline-only dataset.Note: Questions were asked in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Rates of seat belt use are age-adjusted; rates of fall-related injury are not age-adjusted but are limited to the population45 and older.

Does not always wear a seat belt One or more fall-related injuries in past 3 months (ages 45+)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

25% 31%29% 31%

Sexual majoritySexual minority

Adult risk behavior and exposure

35

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Injury mortality

36

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Injury deaths (leading causes), age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

14 10 9 13 3

Age

-adj

uste

d ra

te p

er 1

00,0

00 p

opul

a-tio

n

Falls Motor vehicle crashes

Poisoning Suicide Homicide

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.

Injury mortality

Unintentional injury

Intentional injury

37

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Leading causes of injury death by age, Wisconsin, 2008-2010

Rank <1 year 1 to 4

years 5 to 9 years

10 to 14 years

15 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

25 to 29 years

30 to 59 years

60 to 64

years

65 to 69

years

70 to 79

years 80+

years

1 (N)

Suffocation (84)

Drowning (15) MVC (16) MVC (28) MVC (184) MVC (218) Suicide

(179) Suicide (1,330)

Suicide (141)

Falls (108)

Falls (418)

Falls (1,950)

2 (N)

Homicide (28)

Homicide (13)

Fire, heat,

chemical burns (7)

Suicide (13)

Suicide (110)

Suicide (174) MVC (151) Poisoning

(1,085) Falls (104)

Suicide (83)

Suicide (128)

MVC (121)

3 (N) * Suffocation

(9) Drowning

(6) Drowning

(11) Homicide

(45) Poisoning

(111) Poisoning

(147) MVC (657) MVC (95)

MVC (74)

MVC (121)

Suicide (94)

Total 114 71 46 73 444 643 618 4,163 509 368 829 2,458

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.Note: Age groups were collapsed when the three leading causes were the same. * Number of deaths was too small to indicate cause.

Cause Total deaths, 2008-2010 Annual averageFalls 2,850 950

Suicide 2,253 751

Motor vehicle crashes (MVC) 1,677 559

Poisoning 1,503 501

Injury mortality

38

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Unintentional injury deaths (leading causes) by race/ethnicity, age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2008-2010

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.Note: WISH suppresses small numbers (when cell size is less than 5) to comply with Wisconsin vital records data privacy guidelines.

Falls Motor vehicle crashes Poisoning0

5

10

15

20

25

14 10 89 9 186 7 77 8 X14 22 19

WhiteBlackHispanicAsianAmerican Indian

Age

-adj

uste

d ra

te p

er 1

00,0

00 p

opul

atio

nInjury mortality

39

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Intentional injury deaths by race/ethnicity, age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2008-2010

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.

Injury mortality

40Suicide Homicide

0

5

10

15

20

25

13.5 1.57.3 19.25.9 3.810.1 2.716.0 4.8

WhiteBlackHispanicAsianAmerican Indian

Rat

e pe

r 100

,000

pop

ulat

ion

Page 41: Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Baseline and Health Disparities  Report Injury and Violence

INJURY AND VIOLENCE

Unintentional injury deaths by county, age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2008-2010

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.

Falls Motor vehicle crashes

Fall-related fatalitiesage-adjusted rate per 100,000

1 - 9

10 - 14

15 - 18

19 - 23

Motor vehicle crash fatalitiesage-adjusted rate per 100,000

6 - 8

9 - 10

11 - 20

21 - 41

Number too small to determine rate

Statewide rate = 14 per 100,000

Statewide rate = 10 per 100,000

Injury mortality

41

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Unintentional injury deaths by county, age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2008-2010 (continued)

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.

Poisoning

Poisoning fatalitiesage-adjusted rate per 100,000

1 - 5

6 - 9

10 - 14

15 - 24

Number too small to determine rate

Statewide rate = 9 per 100,000

Injury mortality

42

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INJURY AND VIOLENCE Injury mortality

Intentional injury deaths by county, age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2008-2010

Suicide Homicide

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Wisconsin resident death certificates.

Statewide rate = 13 per 100,000

Statewide rate = 3 per 100,000

Homicide fatalitiesage-adjusted rate per 100,000

1 - 2

3

4 - 9

10 - 20

Number too small to determine rateNumber too small to determine rate

Suicide fatalitiesage-adjusted rate per 100,000

2 - 5

6 - 13

14 - 21

22 - 35

43

20

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Injury-related hospitalization

44

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Injury Pyramid

Source: World Health Organization, Violence and Injury Prevention.

Injury-related hospitalization

45

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Injury hospitalizations (leading causes), age-adjusted rates per 100,000, Wisconsin, 2010

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Injury Hospitalizations Module, hospital inpatient discharge database

Unintentional injury

Intentional injury

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

377 67 46 10023

Rat

e pe

r 100

,000

pop

ulat

ion

Falls Motor vehicle crashes

Poisoning Self-harm Assault

Injury-related hospitalization

46

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Primary payer for injury-related hospitalizations, Wisconsin, 2010

Source: Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH), Injury Hospitalizations Module, hospital inpatient discharge database

Falls Motor ve-hicle

crashes

Poisoning Self-harm Assault0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

MedicareMedicaidOther governmentOther or unknownSelf-payPrivate insurance

N = 24,312 N = 3,882 N = 2,738 N = 5,495 N = 1,266

Injury-related hospitalization

47

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1. University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. County Health Rankings, 2013. http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/our-approach

2. Center for Urban Population Health. Milwaukee Health Report, 2011. http://www.cuph.org/mhr/2011-milwaukee-health-report.pdf

3. LaVeist TA, Gaskin DA, Richard P (2009). The Economic Burden of Health Inequalities in the United States. Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies. http://www.jointcenter.org/sites/default/files/upload/research/files/The%20Economic%20Burden%20of%20Health%20Inequalities%20in%20the%20United%20States.pdf

4. Thomas JC, Sage M, Dillenberg J, Guillory VJ (2002). A Code of Ethics for Public Health. Am Journal of Public Health. 92(7):1057–1059. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447186/

5. Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS). Healthiest Wisconsin 2020. http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/P00187.pdf

6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Injury Prevention and Control: Motor Vehicle Safety. Teen Drivers. http://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/teen_drivers/index.html

7. CDC. About School Violence http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/schoolviolence/index.html

References

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References

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8. CDC. Understanding School Violence. http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/schoolviolence_factsheet-a.pdf

9. CDC. Understanding Bullying. http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/bullying_factsheet-a.pdf

10. CDC. Teen Dating Violence. http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/teen_dating_violence.html

11. CDC. Understanding Teen Dating Violence. http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/TeenDatingViolence2012-a.pdf

12. Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS). The Burden of Injury in Wisconsin. http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/P00283.pdf

13. DHS. Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health: Injury-related Mortality Module. http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/wish/main/InjuryMortality/InjuryMortality_home.htm

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Links to additional reports and resources

• The Burden of Injury in Wisconsin (2011): http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/P00283.pdf

• The Burden of Falls in Wisconsin (2010): http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/health/injuryprevention/pdffiles/FINAL_BOF_080210.pdf

• The Burden of Suicide in Wisconsin (2008): http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/health/injuryprevention/pdffiles/bosfinal9%205.pdf

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Injury, violence, and safety: http://www.cdc.gov/InjuryViolenceSafety/

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Links

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Contact

Susan LaFlash, BSNInjury and Violence Prevention ProgramBureau of Community Health PromotionDivision of Public HealthWisconsin Department of Health ServicesEmail: [email protected]

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Contacts