Upload
shanna-wright
View
218
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Health WorkforceHealth Workforce Vacancies in Vacancies in ArkansasArkansas
Ann B. Bynum, Ed.D.Ann B. Bynum, Ed.D.11, , Cathy A. Irwin, Ph.D., R.N.Cathy A. Irwin, Ph.D., R.N.22
Zoran Bursac, Ph.D., M.P.H.Zoran Bursac, Ph.D., M.P.H.33
Jimie Jarry, B.A.Jimie Jarry, B.A.22
11University of Arkansas for Medical University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Regional Programs, Sciences (UAMS), Regional Programs, Center for Rural Health, Center for Center for Rural Health, Center for Distance HealthDistance Health22UAMS, Center for Rural HealthUAMS, Center for Rural Health33UAMS, Faye W. Bozeman College of UAMS, Faye W. Bozeman College of Public Health, BiostatisticsPublic Health, Biostatistics
ObjectivesObjectives
1.1. Explain the study purpose, research Explain the study purpose, research design/procedures, and instrument used in this design/procedures, and instrument used in this study.study.
2.2. Identify the current and expected workforce Identify the current and expected workforce vacancies within the next 5 years for 90 health vacancies within the next 5 years for 90 health professionals in Arkansas by type of health professionals in Arkansas by type of health care facility, regions in Arkansas and in Pulaski care facility, regions in Arkansas and in Pulaski County. County.
3.3. Describe the conclusions and implications for Describe the conclusions and implications for health professions education, clinical practice, health professions education, clinical practice, and future research.and future research.
BackgroundBackground Arkansas is facing a growing shortage of health Arkansas is facing a growing shortage of health
care workers: Expected to worsen as the baby care workers: Expected to worsen as the baby
boomers retire boomers retire
Increased demand for health care services inIncreased demand for health care services in
ArkansasArkansas Growing total populationsGrowing total populations Increased elderly and ethnic minority populationsIncreased elderly and ethnic minority populations Fewer uninsured patients as a result of health care Fewer uninsured patients as a result of health care
reform initiativesreform initiatives
BackgroundBackground
Additional factors contributing to the Additional factors contributing to the shortage of health professions: shortage of health professions:
Unfavorable work environmentsUnfavorable work environments More satisfying alternative job opportunitiesMore satisfying alternative job opportunities Financial constraints with current recessionFinancial constraints with current recession Limitations in faculty, laboratory space, and Limitations in faculty, laboratory space, and
clinical training sites for health education clinical training sites for health education programsprograms
BackgroundBackground Geographic maldistribution of health professionals must be Geographic maldistribution of health professionals must be
addressed for solving shortages of health professionals in addressed for solving shortages of health professionals in Arkansas. Arkansas.
Decline in the number of students choosing primary care Decline in the number of students choosing primary care careerscareers
Problems with recruitment and retention of primary care Problems with recruitment and retention of primary care providers in rural areas providers in rural areas Low compensationLow compensation Rising malpractice premiumsRising malpractice premiums Professional isolation Professional isolation Limited time offLimited time off Scarcity of jobs for spousesScarcity of jobs for spouses
Impact of Workforce Shortages on Impact of Workforce Shortages on Quality of CareQuality of Care
Insufficient numbers and quality of health care Insufficient numbers and quality of health care professionals can affect the ability of health care professionals can affect the ability of health care facilities to meet the needs of their communities. facilities to meet the needs of their communities.
National surveys of registered nurses (N = 657), National surveys of registered nurses (N = 657), physicians (N = 445), and hospital executives (N = physicians (N = 445), and hospital executives (N = 364) in 2004-2005 demonstrated that nursing 364) in 2004-2005 demonstrated that nursing shortages in hospitals had an impact on hospital shortages in hospitals had an impact on hospital capacity: capacity: Reduced available hospital beds (56%-78%) Reduced available hospital beds (56%-78%) Delayed discharges (50%-69%)Delayed discharges (50%-69%) Increased wait time for surgery (45%-68%) Increased wait time for surgery (45%-68%) Discontinued patient care programs (20%-49%)Discontinued patient care programs (20%-49%)
Impact of Workforce Shortages on Impact of Workforce Shortages on Patient OutcomesPatient Outcomes
Results from a survey of U.S. hospitals from 11Results from a survey of U.S. hospitals from 11states (N = 799) demonstrated strong relationships states (N = 799) demonstrated strong relationships between nurse staffing variables and patient between nurse staffing variables and patient outcomes:outcomes: Urinary tract infectionUrinary tract infection PneumoniaPneumonia Length of hospital stayLength of hospital stay Upper gastrointestinal bleedingUpper gastrointestinal bleeding ShockShock Failure to rescue (death rate related to hospital Failure to rescue (death rate related to hospital
complications)complications)
Impact of Workforce Shortages on Impact of Workforce Shortages on Health StatusHealth Status
Shortages of health professionals can affect the Shortages of health professionals can affect the health status Arkansas residents. health status Arkansas residents.
In 2009, Arkansas ranked 40th in the nation for In 2009, Arkansas ranked 40th in the nation for health status. health status.
Adequate numbers of health care professionals Adequate numbers of health care professionals are needed to address the causes of are needed to address the causes of preventable, premature deaths and to promote preventable, premature deaths and to promote continued improvement in the health status of continued improvement in the health status of Arkansans. Arkansans.
Purpose of the StudyPurpose of the Study
Assessed health workforce vacancies Assessed health workforce vacancies for 90 health professionals in for 90 health professionals in Arkansas by type of health care Arkansas by type of health care facility, regions in Arkansas, and in facility, regions in Arkansas, and in Pulaski CountyPulaski County
Purpose of the StudyPurpose of the Study
The following categories of health professions The following categories of health professions were assessed for current employment vacancies were assessed for current employment vacancies during 2011 and expected employment vacanciesduring 2011 and expected employment vacancieswithin the next 5 years: within the next 5 years: Primary care physicians Primary care physicians Physician specialists Physician specialists Nursing Nursing Allied health professions Allied health professions Pharmacists Pharmacists Dentists Dentists
Facilities SurveyedFacilities Surveyed
HospitalsHospitals Nursing homes Nursing homes Medical clinics Medical clinics County health units County health units Community health centers Community health centers Area Health Education Center (AHEC) clinics Area Health Education Center (AHEC) clinics Dentist offices Dentist offices Pharmacies Pharmacies Ambulance servicesAmbulance services Home health care servicesHome health care services
Significance of the StudySignificance of the Study
Results may be used to provide data for Results may be used to provide data for planning educational programs for health care in planning educational programs for health care in Arkansas. Arkansas.
Planning for a supply of health professionals that Planning for a supply of health professionals that will meet the demand will meet the demand
Determine the needs of rural areas for health Determine the needs of rural areas for health professionalsprofessionals
Plan strategies in clinical practice and health Plan strategies in clinical practice and health professions education for solving workforce professions education for solving workforce shortages in Arkansasshortages in Arkansas
MethodsMethods Cross-sectional survey design Cross-sectional survey design Measured current health workforce Measured current health workforce
vacancies and expected vacancies within vacancies and expected vacancies within the next 5 years for 90 health the next 5 years for 90 health professionals professionals
Other descriptive variables: Type of health Other descriptive variables: Type of health care facility, regions in Arkansas, and care facility, regions in Arkansas, and Pulaski County Pulaski County
Data collection during March-July, 2011Data collection during March-July, 2011
Study PopulationStudy Population Total Population size = 4,212Total Population size = 4,212 Directors of the human resources department, administrators, Directors of the human resources department, administrators,
and office managers and office managers Hospitals, n = 111Hospitals, n = 111 Nursing homes, n = 246Nursing homes, n = 246 Medical clinics, n = 2,180Medical clinics, n = 2,180 County health units, n = 102County health units, n = 102 Community Health Centers and dental clinics, n = 74Community Health Centers and dental clinics, n = 74 AHEC clinics, n = 8AHEC clinics, n = 8 Dentist offices, n = 865Dentist offices, n = 865 Pharmacies, n = 395 Pharmacies, n = 395 Ambulance services, n = 62 Ambulance services, n = 62 Home health care servicesHome health care services, , n = 169n = 169
ProceduresProcedures Completed survey instrument via paper (mailed survey) Completed survey instrument via paper (mailed survey)
or on-line via a websiteor on-line via a website Mailed reminder postcard after short time Mailed reminder postcard after short time Mailed second questionnaire after sufficient response Mailed second questionnaire after sufficient response
timetime Follow-up with nonrespondents via telephone: Reminded Follow-up with nonrespondents via telephone: Reminded
to complete the mailed or Web-based surveyto complete the mailed or Web-based survey Telephone reminder followed the second mailed survey, Telephone reminder followed the second mailed survey,
2.5 weeks after the mailing2.5 weeks after the mailing Three reminder calls were made to nonrespondentsThree reminder calls were made to nonrespondents If the questionnaire was lost, address of web survey was If the questionnaire was lost, address of web survey was
emailed or a replacement questionnaire was emailed or emailed or a replacement questionnaire was emailed or faxed.faxed.
ProceduresProcedures Each survey instrument was assigned a code Each survey instrument was assigned a code
number to identify respondents with facility. number to identify respondents with facility. Code numbers linked facility to zip codes. Code numbers linked facility to zip codes. Zip codes were used to obtain the variable for Zip codes were used to obtain the variable for
region in Arkansas and county in which each region in Arkansas and county in which each facility was located. facility was located.
Zip code-based population statistics were used to Zip code-based population statistics were used to determine the size of the community in which each determine the size of the community in which each facility was located. facility was located.
Web addresses and personal identification Web addresses and personal identification numbers (PINs) for population members to numbers (PINs) for population members to complete the on-line survey—Assured that each complete the on-line survey—Assured that each population member took the survey only once population member took the survey only once
InstrumentInstrument Vacancy survey instrument: Evaluated current and expected Vacancy survey instrument: Evaluated current and expected
vacancies for 90 health professionalsvacancies for 90 health professionals Eight survey instruments: Include health professionals that are Eight survey instruments: Include health professionals that are
employed in these types of health care facilities employed in these types of health care facilities HospitalsHospitals Nursing homesNursing homes Medical clinicsMedical clinics AHEC clinics, Community Health Centers, and county health AHEC clinics, Community Health Centers, and county health
unitsunits Dentist officesDentist offices PharmaciesPharmacies Ambulance servicesAmbulance services Home health care servicesHome health care services
InstrumentInstrument Vacancy survey was adapted from the 8-item Vacancy survey was adapted from the 8-item
vacancy survey developed by the Idaho Rural Health vacancy survey developed by the Idaho Rural Health Education CenterEducation Center
Survey was revised to include vacancies for 63 Survey was revised to include vacancies for 63 additional health professionals and expected additional health professionals and expected vacancies within the next 5 years. vacancies within the next 5 years.
Vacancy survey includes 3-11 items that assess Vacancy survey includes 3-11 items that assess current and expected vacancies for: primary care current and expected vacancies for: primary care physicians (4 specialties); physician specialists (30 physicians (4 specialties); physician specialists (30 specialties); dentists; nursing (10 professions); allied specialties); dentists; nursing (10 professions); allied health professions (42 professions); and pharmacy (4 health professions (42 professions); and pharmacy (4 professions). professions).
Participants responded to each item by listing the Participants responded to each item by listing the number of vacancies for each health professional. number of vacancies for each health professional.
Data Analysis Data Analysis
Data were entered and analyzed in the Data were entered and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 15 and SASv9.2(SPSS), Version 15 and SASv9.2
Cross tabulations: Counted the number of Cross tabulations: Counted the number of vacancies for each health professional by type vacancies for each health professional by type of health care facility, Arkansas regions, and in of health care facility, Arkansas regions, and in Pulaski CountyPulaski County
Frequencies of the data were evaluated for Frequencies of the data were evaluated for duplicate physicians’ vacancies in medical duplicate physicians’ vacancies in medical clinics and hospitals. clinics and hospitals.
Data AnalysisData Analysis Current and expected vacancies for health Current and expected vacancies for health
professions in the study population (N = 4,212 professions in the study population (N = 4,212 facilities) were extrapolated from the current and facilities) were extrapolated from the current and expected vacancies that were reported in the expected vacancies that were reported in the survey. survey. Calculated by multiplying the number of current Calculated by multiplying the number of current
and expected vacancies for each health and expected vacancies for each health profession within each facility type by a constant profession within each facility type by a constant multiplier to adjust for nonrespondents multiplier to adjust for nonrespondents
Each multiplier was specific to a facility type.Each multiplier was specific to a facility type. Multiplier was a ratio of the total number of Multiplier was a ratio of the total number of
surveyed facilities for each facility type and the surveyed facilities for each facility type and the number of respondents for each facility type number of respondents for each facility type
Data AnalysisData Analysis
Determined health professionals that are Determined health professionals that are currently under-produced and over-currently under-produced and over-producedproduced
Calculated by subtracting the number of Calculated by subtracting the number of current vacancies for health professions in current vacancies for health professions in the study population from the number of the study population from the number of graduates in 2010-2011graduates in 2010-2011
Sample of Respondents for FacilitiesSample of Respondents for Facilities
Facility TypeFacility Type Sample SizeSample Size Response Rate Response Rate HospitalsHospitals 68 68 61.26%61.26% Nursing homes Nursing homes 90 90 36.59%36.59% Medical clinics Medical clinics 568568 26.06%26.06% County health unitsCounty health units 102102 100.00% 100.00% Community Health Centers,Community Health Centers, 58 58 78.38%78.38% dental clinics dental clinics AHEC clinicsAHEC clinics 8 8 100.00% 100.00% Dentist officesDentist offices 389389 44.97% 44.97% Pharmacies Pharmacies 181181 45.82% 45.82% Ambulance servicesAmbulance services 35 35 56.45% 56.45% Home health care servicesHome health care services 40 40 23.67% 23.67% Total Sample Total Sample 1,539 1,539 36.54% 36.54%
Results: Current and Expected Results: Current and Expected Vacancies for Health ProfessionsVacancies for Health Professions Extrapolated vacancies: Total of 7,021 current Extrapolated vacancies: Total of 7,021 current
and 23,893 expected vacancies for nursing, and 23,893 expected vacancies for nursing, allied health, and pharmacy professions; and for allied health, and pharmacy professions; and for primary care physicians and dentistsprimary care physicians and dentists
Physician specialists had 317 current and 456 Physician specialists had 317 current and 456 expected vacancies.expected vacancies.
Allied health professions had the highest Allied health professions had the highest number of current (4,335) and expected number of current (4,335) and expected (16,468) vacancies.(16,468) vacancies.
Current and Expected Vacancies Current and Expected Vacancies for Nursing Professionsfor Nursing Professions
Nursing had 1,970 current vacancies Nursing had 1,970 current vacancies and 5,675 expected vacancies.and 5,675 expected vacancies.
Current and Expected Vacancies for Nursing Professions
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Current 5 Year
LPN ADN Diploma BSN APNLicensed Practical Nurse Associate Diploma Nurse Bachelor of Science in NursingAdvanced Practical Nurse
9 17 37
283
715
622
243
405
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
AHEC CommunityHealth
CountyHealthClinic
HomeHealth
MedicalClinic
MedicalHospital
NursingHome
PsychHospital
RehabHospital
Current Nursing Vacancies by Facility Type
18 85259
672
16401817
948
21323
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
AHEC CommunityHealth
CountyHealthClinic
HomeHealth
MedicalClinic
MedicalHospital
NursingHome
PsychHospital
RehabHospital
Expected Vacancies for Nursing by Facility Type
80
440
194 216
319
157207
55
302
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Delta Little Rock NorthCentral
Northeast Northwest SouthArkansas
SouthCentral
Southwest West
Current Vacancies for Nursing by Region
187
783566 568
906
196
689
117
1662
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Delta LittleRock
NorthCentral
Northeast Northwest SouthArkansas
SouthCentral
Southwest West
Expected Vacancies for Nursing by Region
Current and Expected Vacancies Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professionsfor Allied Health Professions
Allied health professions had a total Allied health professions had a total of 4,335 current and 16,468 expected of 4,335 current and 16,468 expected vacancies. vacancies.
Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions
Current 5 Year
Den
tal A
ssis
tan
t
Die
tary
Aid
e
En
vi
ronm
enta
l
Serv
ices
Lic
ensed P
hysic
al
Th
era
py A
ssis
tan
t
Occupational
Th
era
pis
t
Physic
al
Th
era
pis
t
SocalWork
er
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions
Current 5 Year
Audio
logy a
nd
Sp
eech
Path
olo
gy
Cert
. M
dic
al
Assis
tan
t
Denta
l
Hyg
ien
ist
EM
P P
aram
ed
ic
EM
T
Cert
.
Occupational
Th
er. A
ssis
tan
t
Ph
leb
otom
ist
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions
Current 5 Year
Activ
itie
s A
ide
Health info
rmation
Syste
ms
Tech
Lic
en
sed
Cou
nselo
r
Medic
al
Labora
tory
Tech
Mdic
al
RecordsTech
Medic
al
Tech
nolo
gis
t
Opth
alm
ic
Tech
nolo
gis
t
Physic
ian
Assis
tan
t
Psych
iatric
Aid
e
Radio
logic
Tech
Reg
iste
red
Respirato
ryTe
ch
Surg
ical
Tech
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1429
5660
339
1751
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Cert. NurseAssistant
Home HealthAide
Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions
Current
5 Year
9
56
5
40
39
0 28
27
12
32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Diagn. Med.Sonographer
Nuclear Med.Tech.
Biomed.Instrument Tech.
Cytotechnologist EMTIntermediate
Health Educator
Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions
Current
5 Year
46
68
43 45
6 3
38
72
28
76
0
1020
3040
506070
80
Psychologist,Doctoral
Prep.
Psychologist,Master'sPrep.
RadiationTherapist
Cert.RespiratoryTherapist
RegisteredDietitian
Current and Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions
Current
5 Year
1135
23
234
959
1463
629786
9114
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
AHEC Ambulance CommunityHealth
DentalOff ice
HomeHealth
MedicalClinic
MedicalHospital
NursingHome
PsychiatricHospital
RehabHospital
Current Vacancies for Allied Health Professions by Facility Type
14376
86 2
1009
4044 3791
2601
4137
41144
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
AHEC Ambulance CommunityHealth
CountyHealthClinic
DentalOffice
HomeHealth
MedicalClinic
MedicalHospital
NursingHome
PsychiatricHospital
RehabHospital
Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions by Facility Type
243
878
564
419
676
166
454
143
792
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Delta Little Rock NorthCentral
Northeast Northwest SouthArkansas
SouthCentral
Southwest West
Current Vacancies for Allied Health Professions by Region
456
1956
2466
1398
3672
278
1548
277
4419
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Delta Little Rock NorthCentral
Northeast Northw est SouthArkansas
SouthCentral
Southw est West
Expected Vacancies for Allied Health Professions by Region
Current and Expected Vacancies for Current and Expected Vacancies for Primary Care PhysiciansPrimary Care Physicians
Primary care physicians had a total of Primary care physicians had a total of 514 current and 860 expected 514 current and 860 expected vacancies.vacancies.
Current and Expected Vacancies for Primary Care Physicians
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Current 5 Year
Family Internal Pediatrics OBGYNPractice Medicine
2 20
328
158
50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
AHEC CommunityHealth
MedicalClinic
MedicalHospital
NursingHome
Current Vacancies for Primary Care Physicians by Facility Type
862
537
223
300
100
200
300
400
500
600
AHEC CommunityHealth
MedicalClinic
MedicalHospital
NursingHome
Expected Vacancies for Primary Care Physicians by Facility Type
41 39
9479
61
4629
16
110
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Delta Little Rock NorthCentral
Northeast Northwest SouthArkansas
SouthCentral
Southwest West
Current Vacancies for Primary Care Physicians by Region
48 57
144 148
101
61
100
65
137
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Delta Little Rock NorthCentral
Northeast Northwest SouthArkansas
SouthCentral
Southwest West
Expected Vacancies for Primary Care Physicians by Region
Current and Expected Vacancies for Current and Expected Vacancies for Physician SpecialistsPhysician Specialists
Physician specialists had a total of 317 Physician specialists had a total of 317 current and 456 expected vacancies. current and 456 expected vacancies.
Current and Expected Vacancies for Physician Specialists
Current 5 Year
Allerg
ist
An
esth
esio
log
y
Card
iolo
gy
Derm
atolo
gy
Em
ergen
cy M
ed
En
docrin
olo
gy
Gastroen
terolo
gy
Geria
tri
cs
Hosp
italist
Inte
nsiv
ist
Neon
atolo
gy
Nep
hrolo
gy
Neuro
log
y
Neuro
surg
ery
Nu
cle
ar
Med
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Current and Expected Vacancies for Physician Specialists
Current 5 Year
On
colo
gy
Op
hth
alm
olo
gy
Ort
hop
ed
ic S
urg
ery
Oto
laryn
golo
gy
Pain
Med
Path
olo
gy
Ph
ysic
al M
ed
Psych
iatr
y
Pu
lmon
ary
Rad
iolo
gy D
iag
Rh
eu
mato
log
y
Surg
ery
Th
oracic
Su
rgery
Uro
log
y
Oth
er
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Vacancies for Physician Specialists by Vacancies for Physician Specialists by Facility TypeFacility Type
Current VacanciesCurrent Vacancies Medical Clinic, 142Medical Clinic, 142 Medical Hospital, 170Medical Hospital, 170 Psych. Hospital, 3Psych. Hospital, 3 Rehab. Hospital, 2Rehab. Hospital, 2
Expected VacanciesExpected Vacancies Medical Clinic, 199Medical Clinic, 199 Medical Hospital, 253Medical Hospital, 253 Psych. Hospital, 5Psych. Hospital, 5 Rehab. Hospital, 2Rehab. Hospital, 2
Vacancies for Physician Specialists by Vacancies for Physician Specialists by RegionRegion
Current VacanciesCurrent Vacancies Expected VacanciesExpected Vacancies Delta 15Delta 15 2020 Little Rock 43Little Rock 43 5757 North Central 37North Central 37 9292 Northeast 58Northeast 58 8585 Northwest 50Northwest 50 5151 South Arkansas 4South Arkansas 4 4 4 South Central 64South Central 64 8383 Southwest 2Southwest 2 8 8 West 44West 44 5959
Current and Expected Vacancies for Current and Expected Vacancies for DentistsDentists
The total number of current vacancies The total number of current vacancies for dentists = 131.for dentists = 131.
The total number of expected The total number of expected vacancies for dentists = 372vacancies for dentists = 372
Current and Expected Vacancies for Dentists
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Current 5 Year
Dentists
Vacancies for Dentists by Facility Vacancies for Dentists by Facility TypeType
Current VacanciesCurrent VacanciesCommunity Health Clinic, 32Community Health Clinic, 32Dental Office, 99Dental Office, 99
Expected Vacancies Expected Vacancies Community Health Clinic, 48Community Health Clinic, 48Dental Office, 324Dental Office, 324
Vacancies for Dentists by Region Vacancies for Dentists by Region
Current Vacancies Current Vacancies Expected VacanciesExpected Vacancies
DeltaDelta 19 19 4040
Little RockLittle Rock 18 18 4646
North Central 8North Central 8 1919
NortheastNortheast 13 13 4747
NorthwestNorthwest 26 26 7878
South ARSouth AR 1111
South Central 11South Central 11 2424
SouthwestSouthwest 4 4 1818
WestWest 32 32 9090
Current and Expected Vacancies Current and Expected Vacancies for Pharmacists for Pharmacists
The total number of current vacancies The total number of current vacancies for pharmacists = 71.for pharmacists = 71.
The total number of expected The total number of expected vacancies for pharmacists = 518vacancies for pharmacists = 518
Current and Expected Vacancies for Pharmacists
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Current 5 Year
Certified PharmTech PharmD
Vacancies for Pharmacists by Facility Type
Current Vacancies Expected Vac
AHEC Clinic 2
Community Health 1 6
Medical Clinic 4 23
Medical Hospital 13 135
Pharmacy 51 342
Psych Hosp. 6
Rehab Hosp. 2 5
Vacancies for Pharmacists by Region
Current Vacancies Expected Vacancies
Delta 6 13
Little Rock 8 28
North Central 10 52
Northeast 11 89
Northwest 54
South AR 4 25
South Central 13 80
Southwest 2 43
West 17 135
Results: Arkansas Selected Results: Arkansas Selected Healthcare Workforce NeedsHealthcare Workforce Needs
Under-Production of Health Professionals:Under-Production of Health Professionals: Family Practice -235Family Practice -235 Physical Therapist -227Physical Therapist -227 Occupational Therapist -225Occupational Therapist -225 Dental Assistant -129Dental Assistant -129 Advanced Practice Nurse -120Advanced Practice Nurse -120 Internal Medicine -85Internal Medicine -85 Certified Medical Assistant -85Certified Medical Assistant -85 Certified Nurse Assistant -85Certified Nurse Assistant -85 Dietary Aide -70Dietary Aide -70 Licensed Physical Therapy Assistant -69Licensed Physical Therapy Assistant -69 Physician Assistant -38Physician Assistant -38 Pediatrics -67Pediatrics -67
Results: Arkansas Selected Results: Arkansas Selected Healthcare Workforce NeedsHealthcare Workforce Needs
Under-Production of Health Professionals:Under-Production of Health Professionals: Certified Occupational Therapy Assist. -52Certified Occupational Therapy Assist. -52 EMT – 41EMT – 41 Psychologist, Doctoral Prepared -35Psychologist, Doctoral Prepared -35 Physical Med./Rehab -34Physical Med./Rehab -34 Obstetrics/Gynecology -34Obstetrics/Gynecology -34 Psychiatry -30Psychiatry -30 Neurology -19Neurology -19 Orthopedic Surgery -17Orthopedic Surgery -17 Medical Lab Tech. -16Medical Lab Tech. -16 Urology -15Urology -15 Neurosurgery -7Neurosurgery -7
ConclusionsConclusions
There were a total of 7,021 current vacancies for There were a total of 7,021 current vacancies for nursing, allied health, and pharmacy professions; nursing, allied health, and pharmacy professions; and for primary care physicians and dentists. and for primary care physicians and dentists.
There were a total of 23,893 expected vacancies There were a total of 23,893 expected vacancies for nursing, allied health, and pharmacy for nursing, allied health, and pharmacy professions; and for primary care physicians and professions; and for primary care physicians and dentists. dentists.
Allied health professions had the highest number Allied health professions had the highest number of current vacancies (4,335) and expected of current vacancies (4,335) and expected vacancies (16,468). vacancies (16,468).
Nursing had 1,970 current vacancies and 5,675 Nursing had 1,970 current vacancies and 5,675 expected vacancies. expected vacancies.
ConclusionsConclusions Primary care physicians had a total of 514 Primary care physicians had a total of 514
current and 860 expected vacancies. current and 860 expected vacancies. Family Practice physicians had the highest Family Practice physicians had the highest
number of current (282) and expected (473) number of current (282) and expected (473) vacancies. vacancies.
There were a total of 317 current vacancies There were a total of 317 current vacancies for physician specialists and Psychiatry had for physician specialists and Psychiatry had the highest number of current vacancies (42). the highest number of current vacancies (42).
Physician specialists had 456 expected Physician specialists had 456 expected vacancies and Hospitalists had the highest vacancies and Hospitalists had the highest number of expected vacancies (47). number of expected vacancies (47).
RecommendationsRecommendations Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) provides Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) provides
strategies for addressing the shortages of health strategies for addressing the shortages of health professions in Arkansas.professions in Arkansas. Involves health professionals working in care teams to improve Involves health professionals working in care teams to improve
efficiency in the delivery of health care and patients’ access to efficiency in the delivery of health care and patients’ access to care care
Rural setting clinical training—Increased training for Rural setting clinical training—Increased training for disadvantaged students and improved perception of rural disadvantaged students and improved perception of rural practicepractice
Increased recruitment and retention of health Increased recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural areas professionals in rural areas
Telemedicine, school telehealth programs, and the use of Telemedicine, school telehealth programs, and the use of Advanced Practice NursesAdvanced Practice Nurses
Increased wages, job flexibility; improved job satisfaction, Increased wages, job flexibility; improved job satisfaction, and mentorship programs and mentorship programs
RecommendationsRecommendations Apprenticeships, early and sustained education in Apprenticeships, early and sustained education in
health careers, flexible pathways to facilitate career health careers, flexible pathways to facilitate career developmentdevelopment
Financial support, academic enrichment, tutorials for Financial support, academic enrichment, tutorials for admissions preparations, and motivational programs admissions preparations, and motivational programs
Recruit new faculty to replace the aging facultyRecruit new faculty to replace the aging faculty Improved physical facilities and clinical placements Improved physical facilities and clinical placements
for health professions education for health professions education Improved salaries for health professions facultyImproved salaries for health professions faculty Partnering with private entities, federal agencies, Partnering with private entities, federal agencies,
health professional training programs, and hospitals health professional training programs, and hospitals to share facilities and provide funding for student to share facilities and provide funding for student loans and scholarshipsloans and scholarships
Implications for Future ResearchImplications for Future Research
Decrease nonrespondents Decrease nonrespondents Yearly assessment of current, expected Yearly assessment of current, expected
vacancies for health professions vacancies for health professions Assess impact of health workforce Assess impact of health workforce
shortages in AR on quality of shortages in AR on quality of healthcare, patient outcomeshealthcare, patient outcomes
Examine job satisfactionExamine job satisfaction