Health PsychologyLeah Bray

Chapter 3: Seeking Health Care

I. Theories of Healthy Behaviors

Health Belief ModelTheory of Reasoned ActionTheory of Planned BehaviorPrecaution Adoption Process ModelTranstheoretical Model

Health Belief Model

Susceptibility to disease __________ of disease Benefits of behaviors Barriers to behaviors

Problems Perceived health risks Level of optimism Perceived personal control Ethnic background

Theory of Reasoned Action Attitude toward behavior Subjective norm

DFN: perception of social pressure Motivation to comply __________ ___-immediate determinant

Problems Ignores:

Ethnicity SES Access to health care

Theory of Planned Behavior Theory of Reasoned Action

+ Perceived __________

Precaution Adoption Process Model (Weinstein’s)

7 stages: __________ aware but believe not at risk (optimistic

bias) accept personal risk & idea of precaution

Precaution Adoption (cont.) action (believe action is unnecessary) made changes maintain changes

Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska’s)

5 stages of behavior change: precontemplation contemplation preparation action ______________

Model Weaknesses Behavior determined by other factors Consistent, accurate measurement tools

__________ Models predict behavior for one disorder,

not another

Weaknesses (cont.) Barriers beyond understanding of

researchers Not everyone seeks medical care on their

own (e.g., _______________, children, elderly)

Disease vs. Illness DFN: Disease- process of physical

damage within the body; can exist w/o dx DFN: Illness- experience of being sick &

dx as sick

II. Seeking Medical Attention DFN: Illness behavior = __________,

determining health status DFN: Sick role behavior = __________,

trying to get well

What Affects Pt Response?1)Personal factors

2)Gender

3) ________

4)Socioeconomic & cultural factors

5)Characteristics of sxs

6)Conceptualization of disease

Conceptualizing Illness(Leventhal)

5 components: ________________ Time course (of disease & tx) Cause

Conceptualizing (cont.) Consequence Controllability

People feel less anxious & helpless when they __________

B. Sick Role Conceptualizations Segall’s rights & duties

Right to make health decisions Right to be relieved of normal

______________________ Right to become dependent on others

Segall’s Duties Duty to maintain health & get well Duty to perform routine health care

management Duty to use health ______________

Ideal, not realistic

Access to Health Care Medicare- Americans over 65 Medicaid- low income, physical probs. Poor people- < likely to ______ healthcare > likely to have chronic prob. < willing to seek care b/c of $

C. Choosing a Practitioner What’s important?

__________ __________ __________

What has Changed? Outpatient vs. Inpatient (gallblader

removal, ECT, IV drug therapy) Hospital stays shorter-save $$ Better technology Patients express concern

III. Being in the HospitalA. The Hospitalized

Patient Role• Nonperson Tx =

________________

Lack of info Leventhal’s 5

Loss of control ______________= every aspect of person’s

life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping, schedule)

“Good” vs. “Bad” PatientGood:

quiet submissive obedient

Pros: maybe better care, well liked, expect.s

Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff may miss info

Bad: demanding insist on __________ aware of rights

Pros: may be a psych. healthy response, better informed

Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry & ignoring

Stressful Medical Procedures- Coping

Information Relaxation Training __________ __-especially effective for

children