Health Problems of the Respiratory System(1)

8/19/2019 Health Problems of the Respiratory System(1)

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Healthof theSyste


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Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. Thiscan make breathing di cult and trigger coughing whee!ing and shortness of breath.

symptoms include"• Shortness of breath

• #hest tightness or pain

•

• Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath coughing or whee!ing struggling to breathe.

• A whistling or whee!ing sound when exhaling $whee!ing is a common sign of asthma in children%

•

• #oughing or whee!ing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory &irus such as a cold or the• • 'u

• #old &irus•


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#ystic (ibrosis• )e*nition"#ystic *brosis is a life+threatening disorder that causes

se&ere damage to the lungs and digesti&e system.• Symptoms" People with cystic *brosis tend to ha&e a higher than

normal le&el of salt in their sweat.

• Salty sweat

The thick and sticky mucus associated with cystic *brosis clogs thetubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. This can cause"• , A persistent cough that produces thick spit $sputum% and mucus

• , -hee!ing

• , reathlessness

• ,A decreased ability to exercise


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#ystic (ibrosis•

Repeated lung infections $fre/uent% 0n'amed nasal passages or a stu1y nose

)igesti&e signs and symptoms• The thick mucus can also block tubes that carry digesti&e

en!ymes from your pancreas to your small intestine. -ithoutthese digesti&e en!ymes your intestines can2t fully absorb thenutrients in the food you eat. The result is often"

• , (oul or bad +smelling greasy stools or feces• , Poor weight gain and growth• ,

0ntestinal blockage particularly in newborns $meconium ileus%

• Se&ere constipation


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#hronic obstructi&e pulmonary disease $#3P) % refers to a group of lungdiseases that block air'ow and make breathing di cult.

• Symptoms of #3P) often don2t appear until signi*cant lung damagehas occurred and they usually worsen o&er time .

• Symptoms"• Shortness of breath especially during physical acti&ities• -hee!ing• #hest tightness

Ha&ing to clear your throat *rst thing in the morning due to excess mucus in your

lungs

•

A chronic cough that produces sputum that may be clear white yellow orgreenish

• lueness of the lips or *ngernailbeds $cyanosis%

(re/uent respiratory infections• 4ack of energy• 5nintended weight loss $in later stages%


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ronchitis Acute ronchitis #hronicronchitis

• ronchitis is an in'ammation of the lining of your bronchialtubes which carry air to and from your lungs. People whoha&e bronchitis often cough up thickened mucus which canbe discolored. ronchitis may be either acute or chronic.

• 3ften de&eloping from a cold or other respiratory infectionacute bronchitis is &ery common. #hronic bronchitis a moreserious condition is a constant irritation or in'ammation ofthe lining of the bronchial tubes often due to smoking.

•

Acute bronchitis usually impro&es within a few days withoutlasting e1ects although you may continue to cough forweeks. Howe&er if you ha&e repeated bouts of bronchitisyou may ha&e chronic bronchitis which re/uires medicalattention. #hronic bronchitis is one of the conditionsincluded in chronic obstructi&e pulmonary disease $#3P)%.


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ronchitis Acute ronchitis #hronicronchitis

• Symptoms" (or either acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis signs

and symptoms may include #ough Production of mucus$sputum% which can be clear white yellowish+gray or green incolor 6

rarely it may be streaked with blood (atigue

shortness of breath Slight fe&er and chills #hest discomfort.

• 0f you ha&e acute bronchitis you may ha&e a nagging cough thatlingers for se&eral weeks after the in'ammation resol&es. #hronicbronchitis is de*ned as a producti&e cough that lasts at leastthree months with recurring bouts occurring for at least twoconsecuti&e years.

• 0f you ha&e chronic bronchitis you2re likely to ha&e periods whenyour signs and symptoms worsen. At those times you may ha&eacute bronchitis on top of your chronic bronchitis.


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7mphysema• 7mphysema gradually damages the air sacs

$al&eoli% in your lungs making you progressi&elymore short of breath. 7mphysema is one ofse&eral diseases known collecti&ely as chronicobstructi&e pulmonary disease $#3P)%.

Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema.

Symptoms 8ou can ha&e emphysema for many years withoutnoticing any signs or symptoms. The mainsymptom of emphysema is shortness of breathwhich usually begins gradually. 8ou may starta&oiding acti&ities that cause you to be short ofbreath so the symptom doesn2t become a problemuntil it starts interfering with daily tasks.7mphysema e&entually causes shortness of breathe&en while you2re at rest.


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)yspnea• )e*nition

• (ew sensations are as frightening as not being able toget enough air. Although shortness of breath 6 knownmedically as dyspnea 6 is likely to be experienceddi1erently by di1erent people it2s often described as anintense tightening in the chest or feeling of su1ocation.)epending on the cause you may experience shortnessof breath 9ust once or ha&e recurring episodes that couldbecome constant.

• :ery strenuous exercise extreme temperaturesmassi&e obesity and high altitude all can causeshortness of breath in a healthy person. 3utside ofthese examples shortness of breath is likely a sign of amedical problem. 0f you ha&e unexplained shortness ofbreath especially if it comes on suddenly and is se&ere

see your doctor as soon as possible.


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Pneumonia)e*nitionPneumonia is an infection that in'ames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs

may *ll with 'uid or pus causing cough with phlegm or pus fe&er chills and di cultybreathing. A &ariety of organisms including bacteria &iruses and fungi can causepneumonia.Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life+threatening. 0t is most serious forinfants and young children people older than age ;< and people with underlyinghealth problems or weakened immune systems.Antibiotics and anti&iral medications can treat many common forms of pneumonia.

The signs and symptoms of pneumonia &ary from mild to se&ere depending uponfactors such as the type of germ causing the infection and your age and o&erall health.=ild signs and symptoms often are similar to those of a cold or 'u but they last longer.Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include" (e&er sweating and shaking chills 4ower than normal body temperature in people older than age ;< and in peoplewith poor o&erall health or weakened immune systems

#ough which may produce thick sticky 'uid #hest pain when you breathe deeply or cough Shortness of breath (atigue and muscle aches >ausea &omiting or diarrhea Headache


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4aryngitis• 4aryngitis is an in'ammation of your &oice box $larynx% from o&eruse irritation

or infection. nside the larynx are your &ocal cords 6 two folds of mucousmembrane co&ering muscle and cartilage. >ormally your &ocal cords open and

close smoothly forming sounds through their mo&ement and &ibration.• ut in laryngitis your &ocal cords become in'amed or irritated. This swelling

causes distortion of the sounds produced by air passing o&er them. As a resultyour &oice sounds hoarse. 0n some cases of laryngitis your &oice can becomealmost undetectable.

•

4aryngitis may be short+li&ed $acute% or long lasting $chronic%. =ost cases oflaryngitis are triggered by temporary &iral infection or &ocal strain and aren2tserious. Persistent hoarseness can sometimes signal a more serious underlyingmedical condition.

• in most cases laryngitis symptoms last less than a couple of weeks and arecaused by something minor such as a &irus. 4ess often laryngitis symptomsare caused by something more serious or long lasting. 4aryngitis signs andsymptoms can include"

• Hoarseness• -eak &oice or &oice loss• Tickling sensation and rawness of your throat• Sore throat• )ry throat• )ry cough


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0n'uen!a• 0n'uen!a is a &iral infection that attacks your respiratory system 6 your

nose throat and lungs. 0n'uen!a commonly called the 'u is not thesame as the stomach ?'u? &iruses that cause diarrhea and &omiting.

• 0n'uen!a and its complications can be deadly. People at higher risk ofde&eloping 'u complications include" 8oung children 3lder adultsPregnant women People with weakened immune systems People whoha&e chronic illnesses.

8our best defense against in'uen!a is to recei&e an annual &accination.• Symptoms

0nitially the 'u may seem like a common cold with a runny nose snee!ingand sore throat. ut colds usually de&elop slowly whereas the 'u tends tocome on suddenly. And although a cold can be a nuisance you usually feelmuch worse with the 'u.

• #ommon signs and symptoms of the 'u include" (e&er o&er @ ( $BC #%• Aching muscles especially in your back arms and legs• #hills and sweats• Headache• )ry cough• (atigue and weakness• >asal congestion


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Hay fe&er• Hay fe&er also called allergic rhinitis causes cold+like signs and

symptoms such as a runny nose itchy eyes congestion snee!ingand sinus pressure. ut unlike a cold hay fe&er isn2t caused by a&irus. Hay fe&er is caused by an allergic response to outdoor orindoor allergens such as pollen dust mites or pet dander.

• Hay fe&er can make you miserable and a1ect your performance atwork or school and interfere with leisure acti&ities. ut you don2tha&e to put up with annoying symptoms. 4earning how to a&oidtriggers and *nding the right treatment can make a big di1erence.

• Symptoms Hay fe&er signs and symptoms usually start immediately after you2reexposed to a speci*c allergy+causing substance $allergen% and caninclude" Runny nose and nasal congestion• -atery or itchy eyes• Snee!ing• #ough• 0tchy nose roof of mouth or throat• Sinus pressure and facial pain• Swollen blue+colored skin under the eyes $allergic shiners%• )ecreased sense of smell or taste


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PatientDs Record• >ame" age" Sex"• :ital signs" blood pressure" Pulse" Temperature"

• -eigh"• =ain complaints"

• #hronic helps problems

• Assessment" $diagnosis%

• Plan" $treatment%


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ibliography• http"EE

www.mayoclinic.orgEdiseases+conditionsEhay+fe&erEbasicsEsymptomsEcon+F F CF

• http"EEwww.betterhealth.&ic.go&.auEbhc&FEbhcarticles.nsfEpagesERespiratoryGsystem
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/basics/symptoms/con-2002082http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/basics/symptoms/con-2002082http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/basics/symptoms/con-2002082http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Respiratory_systemhttp://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Respiratory_systemhttp://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Respiratory_systemhttp://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Respiratory_systemhttp://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Respiratory_systemhttp://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Respiratory_systemhttp://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/basics/symptoms/con-2002082http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/basics/symptoms/con-2002082http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/basics/symptoms/con-2002082

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Health Problems of the Respiratory System(1)