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Health Policy in a Globalizing World

Course Syllabus

Geneva, Switzerland: July 1-5, 2013

“Health Policy in a Globalizing World” is a one-week intensive course providing an overview of the forces

of globalization shaping health in our world. Globalization describes how goods, services, culture and ideas

cross borders, and more specifically in the context of health, how disease-causing pathogens, the

knowledge to care and cure these maladies, and the products to treat them do or do not cross these borders.

Health inequities may result when there are asymmetries in what becomes globalized.

Through seminars and site visits, participants will gain an appreciation of the context and policy levers

affecting health in a globalizing world. Taking advantage of Geneva, the course draws heavily upon experts

from the World Health Organization and other inter-governmental organizations located there. The

participants will be primarily comprised of Global Health Fellows competitively chosen through the Duke

University Geneva Program on Global Policy and Governance.

As part of Duke University’s Geneva Program on Global Policy and Governance, this course builds upon

the core training planned by the Program on Global Health and Technology Access at Duke University’s

Sanford School of Public Policy for the Global Health Fellows Program. This course is designed to

complement the policy internship at a major international organization completed by every Global Health

Fellow.

The following readings are meant to serve as starter resources. Not all are meant to be read in their entirety,

but by selectively reviewing these documents, they hopefully will enrich the course participant’s

understanding of the context of the seminar or site visit discussions.

Session 1: Introduction – Globalization and Health

1. What are the major currents of health policy in a globalizing world?

2. How can globalization foster progress in public health? For example, in what ways has the

advent of the Internet positively transformed the global surveillance of epidemic outbreaks?

3. How does globalization exacerbate public health risks? For example, what happens when the

globalization of tobacco outpaces consumer protections or when expectations of life-saving

medicines cross borders more readily than the products themselves? How do these asymmetries

in globalization contribute to health inequities?

4. How do stakeholders, from intergovernmental agencies such as WHO to civil society, shape the

response to these challenges of globalization and health?

5. In what ways might a common framework, yet different perspectives, be used to analyze the

various issues of globalization and health examined over the course of this week?

Readings:

Bezruchka, S. “Is Globalization Dangerous to Our Health?” West J Med 2000; 172: 332-334.

Blouin, C., Chopra, M., and van der Hoeven, R. “Trade and social determinants of health.” The

Lancet 2009; 373: 502-507.

“World Health Report, Chapter 1: Global Health – today’s challenges.” Geneva,

Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2003.

Woodward, D., Drager, N., et al. “Globalization and health: a framework for analysis and action.”

Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2001; 79: 875-881.

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Supplemental:

World Health Report: Working Together for Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health

Organization, 2006.

Session 2: Systems Thinking

1. What is “systems thinking,” and what does it mean for health systems? How is this a paradigm

shift?

2. How does one apply a systems perspective to design and evaluate health systems interventions?

3. What are some of the challenges in applying systems thinking to real-world settings?

Readings for Session 2:

De Savigny, D., & Adam, T. (2009). Systems Thinking for Health Systems Strengthening.

Retrieved from http://www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/resources/9789241563895/en/index.html

Paina, L., & Peters, D. H. (2011). Understanding pathways for scaling up health services through

the lens of complex adaptive systems. Health policy and planning, 1-9.

Sheikh, K., Gilson, L., Agyepong, I. A., Hanson, K., & Ssengooba, F. (2011). Building the Field

of Health Policy and Systems Research : Framing the Questions. PLoS Medicine, 8(8), 1-6.

Bigdeli, M., Jacobs, B., Tomson, G., Laing, R., Ghaffar, A., Dujardin, B., & Van Damme, W.

(2012). Access to medicines from a health system perspective.Health Policy and

Planning, Advanced online publication November 2012, 1–13. doi:10.1093/heapol/czs108 Xiao,

Y., Zhao, K., Bishai, D. M., & Peters, D. H. (2012). Essential drugs policy in three rural counties

in China: What does a complexity lens add? Social science & medicine (1982), 1–9.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.034

Supplemental Readings:

Olmen, J. V., Criel, B., Bhojani, U., Marchal, B., Belle, S. V., Chenge, M. F., Hoerée, T., et

al. (2012). The Health System Dynamics Framework: The introduction of an analytical model for

health system analysis and its application to two case-studies. Health, Culture and Society, 2(1), 0-

21. D

Session 3: Human Resources for Health

1. In what ways can the disparity in human resources for health be best addressed? And how do such

disparities result in challenges for health care delivery?

2. How does retention and migration of health care workers play a role in exacerbating or improving

this situation? What innovative approaches are being taken to align supply and demand of health

care workers more effectively?

3. Who are the key stakeholders and what are the major initiatives to address the issues surrounding

human resources for health, both from a system-wide and a disease-specific approach?

Readings for Session 3:

Dayrit, M., Dolea, C., Braichet, J.M. “One piece of the puzzle to solve the human resources for

health crisis.” Bulletin of the WHO 2010; 88(5):322-323.

WHO. “Managing health workforce migration – The Global Code of Practice.” [The first time

WHO Member States used constitutional authority of the Organization to develop a code in thirty

years - adopted by the 63rd World Health Assembly on 21 May 2010] (Access)

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Dolea, C., Stormont, L., Braichet, J.M. “Evaluated strategies to increase attraction and retention of

health workers in remote and rural areas.” Bulletin of the WHO 2010; 88(5): 379-385.

Huicho, L., et al. “Increasing access to health workers in underserved areas: a conceptual

framework for measuring results.” Bulletin of the WHO 2010; 88(5): 357-363.

Supplemental Readings for Session 3:

Lucas, A. “Human resources for health in Africa.” British Medical Journal 2005; 331(7524):

1037-1038.

Pang, T., Mary Ann Lansang and Andy Haines. Brain drain and health professionals. British

Medical Journal 2002; 324: 499-500.

Saravia, N.G., and Miranda, J.F. Plumbing the brain drain. Bulletin of the WHO 2004; 82(8): 608-

614.

De Roodenbeke E, Lucas S, Rouzaut A, Bana F. Outreach Services as a Strategy to Increase

Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO and

International Hospital Federation, 2011.

WHO. The World Health Report 2006—working together for health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO,

2006.

Session 4: Innovation + Access for Global Health

1. What is the 10-90 gap, and in what ways is there a mismatch between market-driven

development of health technologies and public health priorities?

2. How can knowledge for global health be better shared in a globalizing world?

3. How can product development be aligned to meet these public health priorities? What

examples are there of alternative approaches to encouraging greater innovation and more

affordable access for those in need?

4. What role might novel financing mechanisms, from product development partnerships and

push incentives to prizes, advance market commitments and other pull incentives, play?

Readings:

So AD, Stewart E. “Sharing Knowledge for Global Health.” In: “The U.S. Commitment to Global

Health: Recommendations for the Public and Private Sectors.” Committee on the U.S.

Commitment to Global Health. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, 2009.

Correa C. “Ownership of knowledge – the role of patents in pharmaceutical R&D.” Bulletin of the

World Health Organization 2004; 82: 784-790.

Moran M. “A Breakthrough in R&D for Neglected Diseases: New Ways to Get the Drugs We

Need.” PLoS Medicine 2005; 2(9): e302, 828-832.

So AD. “IPR and Global Health: The Challenge of Knowledge-Sharing.” World Politics Review,

February 21, 2012.

Supplemental:

Benkler, Yochai. Commons-Based Strategies and the Problems of Patents. Science. 2004.

Birn, A. “Gates’ grandest challenge: transcending technology as public health ideology.” The

Lancet 2005; 366: 514-519.

Commission on Intellectual Property Rights. Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and

Development Policy. “Chapter 1: Intellectual Property and Development.” London, United

Kingdom: Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, 2002.

Power, S. “The AIDS Rebel.” The New Yorker 2003; 54-67.

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Westerhaus, M., Castro, A. (2006). “How do Intellectual Property Law and International Trade

Agreements Affect Access to Antiretroviral Therapy?” PLoS Medicine, 3(8): e332, pp 1230-1236.

Session 5: Global Health R&D: Strengthening Global Financing and Coordination

1. What prompted and led to the policy process that culminated in the release of the

recommendations of the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development:

Financing and Coordination and the more recent World Health Assembly resolution this year?

2. What were the key recommendations put forward, the key points of controversy and consensus,

and following the World Health Assembly’s deliberations?

3. What has been the progress of these recommendations since they were first introduced, and how

have the follow-on meetings affected this?

4. How can technology transfer and local production figure into the strengthening of global financing

and coordination of R&D?

Readings for Session 5:

Consultative Expert Working Group (CEWG) on Research and Development: Financing and

Coordination. Research and Development to Meet Health Needs in Developing Countries:

Strengthening Global Financing and Coordination. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health

Organization, 2012.

Supplemental Readings:

WHO and ICTSD. Local Production for Access to Medical Products: Developing a Framework to

Improve Public Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2011.

Session 6: Visit to WHO Strategic Health Operations Center / International Health Regulations

Questions for Session 6

1. How did the International Health Regulations come into being, and how have they evolved over

the years? In what ways are they hard, enforceable norms, and in what ways do they exert

influence through soft norms?

2. How have epidemic outbreaks, from SARS and avian flu to H1N1 to the recent H7N9 outbreak in

China, tested and shaped the interpretation and implementation of the International Health

Regulations? In what ways have the International Health Regulations come into contention with

other global regimes, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity?

3. How has surveillance changed under the International Health Regulations? What other

ramifications will these regulations have on pandemic preparedness and response? Has it had its

intended impact, in retrospect, in tackling emerging infectious diseases? What challenges remain

ahead?

Readings:

Fidler DP, Gostin LO. The New International Health Regulations: An Historic Development for

International Law and Public Health. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. Spring 2006, pp. 85-94.

Plotkin, B. (2007). “Human rights and other provisions in the revised International Health

Regulations.” Public Health. November 2007; 121(11): 840-845.

Supplemental:

64th World Health Assembly. “Report of the Review Committee on the Functioning of

the IHR and on Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1).” Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2011. The World Health Report 2007: A Safer Future: Global Public Health Security in the 21st

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Century. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2007. Available at:

http://www.who.int/whr/2007/whr07_en.pdf

Session 7: Non-communicable Diseases

1. What challenges face efforts to roll back non-communicable diseases? From mental health and

tobacco control to cancer and road traffic accidents, are there any unifying approaches across non-

communicable diseases?

2. What resulted from the UN High-Level Meeting on NCD Prevention and Control? What has been

the follow-up to the Political Declaration on NCDs and the monitoring framework and targets for

prevention and control of NCDs?

3. What would you highlight from the Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020 (GAP)? How will NCDs

feature, do you believe, in the post-2015 development agenda?

4. What are the challenges to scale-up of response to NCD prevention and control? Are there any

lessons that might be adapted from efforts for communicable diseases?

Readings:

Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and

Control of Non-communicable Diseases. New York, NY: UN General Assembly, 2011. Available

at: http://www.who.int/nmh/events/un_ncd_summit2011/political_declaration_en.pdf

Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Horton R, et al. “Priority actions for the non-communicable disease

crisis.” Lancet April 2011; 377(9775): 1438-1447.

Mills EJ, Ford N. “Political lessons from the global HIV/AIDS response to inform a rapid

noncommunicable disease response. AIDS 2012; 26: 1171-

1173. (MillsFord_PoliticalLessonsFromGlobalHIVAIDSResponseToInformNCDResponse_AID

S_2012)

Ngo, B. “World Health Assembly: Drafting Group Progressing On NCDs | Intellectual Property

Watch.” Intellectual Property Watch. Web. 22 May 2013.

(Ngo_WHADraftProgressingNCDs_IPWatch_22May2013)

New, W. “World Health Assembly: Draft Of NCD Action Plan Shows Compromises On IPRs |

Intellectual Property Watch.”Intellectual Property Watch. Web. 23 May 2013.

(New_DraftNCDActionPlan_IPWatch_May2013)

Supplemental Readings for Session 7:

WHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010: Description of the global burden

of NCDs, their risk factors and determinants. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO,

2010.(WHO_GlobalSTatusReportOnNCDS_2010)

WHO and World Economic Forum. From Burden to “Best Buys”: Reducing the Economic Impact

of Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Geneva, Switzerland:

World Economic Forum, 2011. (WHO_FromBurdenToBestBuys-

ReducingEconomicImpactOfNCDs_2011)

Session 8: Universal Health Coverage

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1. How should universal health coverage be defined, and what services should be considered

essential under such programs? Would this differ by national context, or is there a universal floor

for such coverage?

2. In striving for universal health coverage, how should such a health system be financed, and how

can it best protect people from the financial consequences of ill-health?

3. What are promising strategies for low- and middle-income countries to overcome challenges that

prevent countries from moving towards universal coverage? How can such health systems best

prioritize needed services to optimize the use of available resources?

4. How might aid flows to finance universal health coverage in a LMIC work (or not)?

Readings for Session 8:

Cavagnero E, Evans DB, Carrin G. “Aid for Health: Should Policy-Makers Worry About Its

Macroeconomic Impact?” Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Department of Health Systems Financing,

2007. (WHO_HealthSystemsFinancing-ThePathToUniversalCoverage_2010)

Doetinchem, O, G Carrin, and D Evans. “Thinking of introducing social health insurance? Ten

questions.” Health Systems. WHO, Web. 2010.

(DoetinchemEtAl_SocialHealthInsuranceTenQs_WHO_2010)

Hasib, NI. “World Bank to back health-for-all plan – bdnews24.com.”bdnews24.com. Web. 21

May 2013. (Hasib_WorldBankHealthForAll_bdnews24_21May2013).

Kutzin, J. “Anything goes on the path to universal health coverage? No.” Bulletin of the World

Health Organization. World Health Organization, Web. 12 Oct. 2012.

(Kutzin_AnthingGoesUHC_WHO_2012).

Xu, K, P Saksena, and D Evans. “Health financing and access to effective interventions.” Health

Systems. WHO, 2010. (XuEtAl_HealthFinancingAccessEff-ectiveInterventions_WHO_2010)

Session 9- Mental Health

1. In what ways do mental health problems and neurological disorders, from dementia to epilepsy,

contribute to the global burden of disease? Why has this been neglected, even more so perhaps

than other areas of non-communicable disease?

2. In what ways can policy makers emphasize the importance of integration and planning of better

mental health services with overall health policy? Are there exemplars of how this is being done or

lessons from other areas of how this might be done?

3. What role does mental health and those with mental disabilities play in development and

implementation of poverty reduction and community development programs?

4. What is WHO’s role and that of other key global stakeholders in meeting the needs of those with

mental or neurological disorders?

Readings for course session on “Global Mental Health”:

Patel V, Prince M. Global Mental Health: A New Global Health Field Comes of Age.JAMA.

2010;303(19):1976-1977. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.616.

(PatelPrince_GlobalMentalHealth_JAMA_2010)

Draft comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020 .” Sixty-Sixth World Health Assembly.

World Health Organization, 16 May 2013. Web. 27 May 2013.

(GlobalMentalHealthActionPlan13-20_WHO_2013)

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http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598774_eng.pdf

WHO. mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized

health settings. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme, 2010.

Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241548069_eng.pdf

Session 10: Violence and Injury Prevention

1. What are the largest barriers facing policymakers in reducing both violence and injury prevention

on a global scale?

2. Why has road safety taken such an important focus of the VIP focus, and what are the other main

targets of injury prevention policy?

3. What role does economic status of a region play in violence and injury prevention?

4. How can public health stakeholders, including intergovernmental organizations like WHO, help

implement the planks of the Violence Prevention Alliance’s Plan of Action for 2012-2020,

including the development and strengthening of national action plans for violence prevention?

Readings for Session 10:

WHO. Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020. 2011.

(WHO_GlobalPlanForDecadeOfRoadSafety_2011)

Violence Prevention Alliance / WHO. Violence Prevention Alliance Global Campaign for

Violence Prevention: Plan of Action for 2012-2020.

(ViolencePreventionAlliance_PlanOfActionFor2012-2020_2012)

Toroyan T. Global status report on road safety. World Health Organization. Inj Prev. 2009

Aug;15(4):286. (Toroyan_GlobalStatusReportOnRoadSafety_2009)

Seminar Session 11: Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Scaling up the manufacture of vaccines

1. What are the main objectives coming out of the 2011 PIP Framework, and what steps have been

taken since?

2. How does this framework affect LMICs, and assure their access to medical products in the event

of a pandemic?

3. What are the challenges of scaling up the manufacture of vaccines in the event of a pandemic,

especially in LMICs?

4. How does tech transfer and IPR concern these challenges?

Readings for course session on Session 11:

WHO. Increasing Access to Vaccines through Technology Transfer and Local Production.

2011. WHO_IncreasingAccessToVaccinesThroughTechTransfer_2011

WHO. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework. 2011. (PIPFramework_WHO_2011)

Seminar Session 12: Malaria: Scaling up Artemisinin Combination Treatment

1. What is Artemisinin Combination Treatment and what are challenges to scaling-up access?

2. What are some some supply-side interventions (such as A2S2, ACT Forecasting Consortium) to

improve ACT access and effectiveness?

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3. What are some demand-side interventions (such as AMFm) and how are these effective?

Rima Shretta and Prashant Yadav. Stabilizing supply of artemisinin and artemisinin-based

combination therapy in an era of wide-spread scale-up. Malar J. 2012; 11: 399.

(ShrettaYadav_StabilizingArteminisinTreatment_Malaria Journal_2012)

Kindermans, Pilloy, Et Al. "Ensuring sustained ACT production and reliable artemisinin

supply" Malaria Journal 2007, 6:125 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-

125 Kindermans_EnsuringSustainedACTProductionReliableArtemisininSupply_MalariaJ_2007

Peplow M. "Malaria drug made in yeast causes market ferment". Nature. 14 February 2013.

(Peplow_MalariaDrugYeastMarketFerment_Nature_14Feb2013)

Tougher S. "Effect of the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria (AMFm) on the availability,

price, and market share of quality-assured artemisin-based combination therapies in seven

countries: a before-and-after analysis of outlet survey data" The Lancet, Volume 380, Issue 9857,

Pages 1916 - 1926, 1 December 2012. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61732-2

(TougherEtAl_EffectAMFm_Lancet_2012)

"Use of a private sector co-payment mechanism to improve access to ACTs in the new funding

model". Global Fund. 2012. (GFATM_AMFm_InfoNote_2012)

Session 13: Overview of the World Trade Organization and World Intellectual Property

Organization

1. What are the implications of trade agreements, such as those under the WTO’s & WIPO’s

agreements, for public health?

2. How might the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights encourage or hamper

pharmaceutical innovation for global health? What exceptions are allowed, and under what

circumstances, may these applied?

3. As an intergovernmental organization, how do WIPO & WTO work in contrast to the WHO &

how do they work in concert?

Readings for Session 13:

“Understanding the WTO,” WTO website. (Access)

Chapter 1 of Krattiger, Anatole F. Promoting access to medical technologies and innovation:

intersections between public health, intellectual property and trade. Geneva: World Trade

Organization :, 20132012. Print. (WTO_PromotingAccesMedIA_2012)

Chapter 9 of Taubman, Antony. A handbook on the WTO TRIPS agreement. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2012. Print Taubman_WTOTRIPS_WTO_2012

Supplemental Readings for Session 13:

Carlos Correa, Protection of Data Submitted for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals:

Implementing the Standards of the TRIPS Agreement. Geneva, Switzerland: South Centre,

2002. (Correa_ProtectionOfDataSubmittedForTheRegistrationOfPharmaceuticals-

ImplementingTheStandardsOfTRIPS_2002)

Session 14: Food Safety, Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures

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1. What are the key elements of the WTO’s SPS agreement important for public health? From

genetically modified foods to antibiotics in livestock feed, how do countries resolve their

differences over food trade through the SPS agreement and dispute resolution process?

2. With problems from Salmonella poisoning to melamine contamination, what are the challenges to

maintaining food safety? How can these be handled within the international framework?

Readings for Session 14:

WTO. Understanding the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Geneva,

Switzerland: WTO, 1998. (Access)

Supplemental Readings for Session 14:

Haslberger A. “Need for an ‘Integrated Safety Assessment’ of GMOs, Linking Food Safety and

Environmental Considerations.” Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2006; 54(9): 3173-

3180. (Haslberger_NeedForIntegratedSafetyAssessmentOfGMOs_2006)

WTO. “Review of the Operation and Implementation of the Agreement on the Application of

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.” Geneva, Switzerland: WTO,

2005. (WTO_SPSAgreementReview_2005)

Session 15: Tobacco Control

Questions for Session 15:

1. What prompted WHO to exercise for the first time its treaty making authority in calling for a

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control? How did the process unfold, and what has been

achieved to date?

2. What are the strengths and shortcomings of such international conventions like the Framework

Convention on Tobacco Control? What is the reporting mechanism under this convention? What

compels compliance or enforcement with its protocols? What continuing role is there for civil

society after ratification of such a treaty?

3. What is the interplay between the WHO Tobacco Free Initiative and the Framework Convention

on Tobacco Control as complementary instruments to combat the tobacco epidemic? What is the

potential use of such mechanisms in tackling future global health concerns- e.g., non-

communicable diseases related to diet or alcohol?

4. What is denialism, and how has the tobacco industry applied this approach to oppose tobacco

control efforts?

5. How has the tobacco industry used trade and investment agreements to undermine tobacco control

efforts?

Readings for Session 15:

Diethelm, P.A., McKee, M. “Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?” European

Journal of Public Health 2009; 19(1): 2-4. (Diethelm_Denialism-

WhatIsItAndHowToRespond_2009)

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Diethelm, P.A., McKee, M. “Lifting the smokescreen: tobacco industry strategy to defeat smoke

free policies and legislation.” INCa, France: European Respiratory Society, February

2006. (DiethelmEtAl_LiftingTheSmokescree-TobaccoIndustryToDefeatSmokeFreePolicies_2006)

Diethelm, P.A., et al. “The whole truth and nothing but the truth? The research that Philip Morris

did not want you to see.” The Lancet 2005; 366: 86-

92. (DiethelmEtAl_WholeTruthAndNothingButTheTruth_Lancet_2004)

WHO. Tobacco Industry Interference with Tobacco Control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO,

2008. (WHO_TobaccoIndustryInterferenceWithTobaccoControl_2008)

Bostic C (ed.) Tobacco Watch: Monitoring Countries’ Performance on the Global Treaty. Geneva,

Switzerland: Framework Convention Alliance, 2012. (Bostic_TobaccoWatch-

MonitoringCountries’PerformanceOnTheGlobalTreaty_2012)

Gostin, L.O. (2007). “Global Regulatory Strategies for Tobacco Control.” JAMA, 298(17): 2057-

2059. (GostinOL_GlobalRegulatoryStrategiesforTobaccoControl_JAMA_2007)

Supplemental Readings for Session 15:

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health

Organization, 2003, updated 2004,

2005. (WHO_WHOFrameworkConventionOnTobaccoControl_2005)

Jha P, Chaloupka FJ. “The economics of global tobacco control.” British Medical Journal 2000;

321: 358-361. (JhaEtAl_TheEconomicsOfGlobalTobaccoControl_BMJ_2000)

Mamudu HM, et al. “Tobacco industry attempts to counter the World Bank Report Curbing the

epidemic and obstruct the WHO framework convention on tobacco control.” Social Science &

Medicine 2008; 67: 1690-

1699. (MamuduHadii_TobaccoCramworkConvention_SocialScience&Medicine_2008)

Ruger JP. “Global tobacco control: an integrated approach to global health policy.” Development

2005; 48(2): 65-69. (Ruger_GlobalTobaccoControl_Development_2005)

Smith TC, Novella SP. “HIV Denial in the Internet Era.” PLoS Medicine 2007; 4(8):e256.

(Smith_HIVDenialintheInternetEra_2007)

WHO. “Tobacco and poverty: a vicious circle.” Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Tobacco Free

Initiative, 2004. (WHO_TobaccoPovertyViciousCircle_2004)

NEW: (-bmj-mckee-diethelm-denialism

SITE VISITS

The site visits during the “Health Policy in a Globalizing World” course provide an overview of key

stakeholder organizations in Geneva, from intergovernmental organizations to civil society and public-

private partnerships. Each site visit affords an opportunity to understand that organization’s role on the

global health policy landscape through the lens of issues that it works on.

SITE VISIT 1: World Polio Eradication Initiative

For details, visit http://polioeradication.org and read about their work and endgame strategy

SITE VISIT 2: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

The The Right to Health. OHCHR Fact Sheet 31. 2008

SITE VISIT 3: Medicines Patent Pool

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Institutional website: http://www.medicinespatentpool.org/

The Medicines Patent Pool: Stimulating Innovation, Improving Access. Fact Sheet from the Medicines

Patent Pool. Available at: http://www.medicinespatentpool.org/wp-content/uploads/Medicines-

Patent-Pool-Factsheet.pdf

William New, “Johnson & Johnson Denies Patent Pool Licenses for HIV Medicines for the

Poor,” Intellectual Property Watch, January 12, 2012. Available at: http://www.ip-

watch.org/2012/01/12/johnson-johnson-denies-patent-pool-licences-for-hiv-medicines-for-the-

poor/

“Medicines Patent Pool Responds to Critics of Gilead License,” Intellectual Property Watch,

November 8, 2011. Available at: http://www.ip-watch.org/2011/11/08/medicines-patent-pool-

responds-to-critics-of-gilead-licence/

Medicines Patent Pool Transparency Policy. Available at:

http://www.medicinespatentpool.org/wp-

content/uploads/MEDICINES+PATENT+POOL+TRANSPARENCY+POLICY-1.pdf

Medicines Patent Pool. The ARV Priority List for the Medicines Patent Pool: Working Paper,

September 2011. Available at: http://www.medicinespatentpool.org/wp-

content/uploads/POOL+ARV+PRIORITIES+WORKING+DOCUMENT+-

+Comments+Welcome1.pdf

Pascale Boulet, Esteban Burrone, Suerie Moon, Chan Park, Natasha Sunderji, Ellen t’Hoen.

Challenges to the Uptake of Antiretroviral Fixed-Dose Combinations: An analysis of intellectual property

issues. Available at: http://www.medicinespatentpool.org/wp-content/uploads/GF-FDC-Report-final.pdf

SITE VISIT 4: Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM)

Institutional website: http://www.theglobalfund.org

Global Fund Observer is a widely-read, authoritative and free email-based newsletter, produced

by Aidspan, that provided an independent platform for news, analysis and commentary about the

Global Fund. Available at: http://www.aidspan.org/index.php?page=gfo

Nigeria’s Country Coordinating Mechanism Sets Up Task Force to Recover Misused Funds.

Available at: http://www.aidspan.org/index.php?issue=186&article=1

Is a New Narrative Shaping the Global Fund? By Dr. David McCoy. Available at:

http://www.aidspan.org/index.php?issue=185&article=2

The Global Fund Turns the Tap Back On. Available at:

http://www.aidspan.org/index.php?issue=184&article=1

New Structure at Global Fund Will Reduce Influence of Civil Society. Available at:

http://www.aidspan.org/index.php?issue=183&article=3

For details on the Affordable Medicines Facility for Malaria, see:

http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/amfm/

SITE VISIT 5: UNITAID

Institutional website: http://www.unitaid.eu/

UNITAID. Five Years of Innovation for Better Health: UNITAID Annual Report 2011. Geneva,

Switzerland: WHO, 2011. Available at:

http://www.unitaid.eu/media/annual_report_2011/UNITAID_AR2011_EN_FINAL.pdf

99 Partners Advisory. Tax on Financial Transactions: An implementation guide. Geneva,

Switzerland: UNITAID, September 2011. Available at:

http://www.unitaid.eu/images/NewWeb/documents/Finance/UTD-Report-TTF_en.pdf

UNITAID Report on Key Performance Indicators 2010, available at:

http://www.unitaid.eu/images/NewWeb/documents/EN_KPI2010_web.pdf

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Project Updates, January-July 2011, can be found at:

http://www.unitaid.eu/resources/publications/9-uncategorised/372-project-updates-january-july-

2011

SITE VISIT 6: South Centre

About: http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=298&la

ng=en

Velásquez, G. “Rethinking The R&D Model for Pharmaceutical Products: A Binding Global Convention.”

South Centre. 2012. (PB8 Rethinking The R&D Model)

“South Centre Welcomes Decision on LDCs and TRIPS” South News. 14 June 2013. SouthNews_ South

Centre Welcomes WTO’s LDC_TRIPS Decision

SITE VISIT 7: Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)

Twitter: @MSF_access and @Kathersuch

Readings for MSF site visit:

MSF Acess website. (http://msfaccess.org/)

Press Release, “US and EU Derailing Ten-Year Process to Create Health Research & Development

Convention,” May 24, 2012. (Access)

Statement of MSF to Eighteenth Session of WIPO Standing Committee on the Law of Patents (SCP).

(Access)

MSF. The Right Shot: Extending the Reach of Affordable and Adapted Vaccines. Geneva, Switzerland:

MSF Access Campaign, 2012. (MSF_TheRightShot-

ExtendingTheReachOfAffordableAndAdaptedVaccines_2012)

2012 Consultative Expert Working Group: Financing and Coordination

report (http://www.who.int/phi/CEWG_Report_5_April_2012.pdf)

Karunakara, Unni, and Peter Maurer. “Medical care under fire.” Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)

International. Web. 21 May 2013. <http://www.msf.org/article/medical-care-under-fire>.

“Medical Innovation for Neglected Patients.” MSF Access Campaign. MSF & DNDi, Dec. 2012.

<http://www.msfaccess.org/content/medical-innovation-neglected-patients>.

Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health report (CIPIH)

(http://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/en/index.html)

SITE VISIT 8: Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi)

Institutional website: http://www.dndi.org

DNDi. “Transforming Individual Successes into Sustainable Change to Ensure Health Innovation

for Neglected Patients: Why an Essential Health R&D Convention is Needed.” DNDi Policy

Brief, April 2012. Available at:

http://dndi.org/images/stories/advocacy/DNDi_Policy_brief_CEWG_lowres.pdf

DNDi Press Release, “Private and Public Partners Unite to Combat 10 Neglected Tropical

Diseases by 2020,” London, January 30, 2012. Available at: http://dndi.org/press-releases/1170-

london-ntd.html

Treat Chagas Campaign website, available at: http://www.treatchagas.org/

Ioset JR, Chang S. “Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative model of drug

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development for neglected diseases: current status and future challenges.” Future Med Chem 2011;

3(11): 1361-1371. Available at:

http://dndi.org/images/stories/pdf_scientific_pub/2011/Chang%2CIoset_FutureScience.pdf

Bompart F, Kiechel JR, Sebbag R, Pecoul B. Innovative public-

private partnerships to maximize the delivery of anti-malarial medicines: lessons learned from the

ASAQ Winthrop experience. Malaria Journal 2011; 10:143. Available at:

http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/143

Chatelain E, Ioset JR. Drug discovery and development for neglected disease:

the DNDi model. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2011; 5: 175-181. Available at:

http://dndi.org/images/stories/pdf_scientific_pub/2011/Chatelain%20and%20Ioset_DDDT-drug-

discovery-and-development-for-neglected-diseases_March2011.pdf

SITE VISIT 9: Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations

Institutional website: http://www.gavialliance.org/

WHO. Global Vaccine Action Plan, Provisional Agenda Item 13.12, Sixty-fifth World

Health Assembly, A65/22, May 11, 2012. Available at:

http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA65/A65_22-en.pdf

For details on the pneumococcal advance market commitment, see

http://www.gavialliance.org/funding/pneumococcal-amc/

Advance Market Commitment for Pneumococcal Vaccines: Report of the Monitoring and Evaluability

Study, November 2008. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/8/48/42237166.pdf

For background on the use of International Finance Facility for Immunisation “vaccine bonds,” see

http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2011/new-iffim-vaccine-bonds-issued-to-

support-life-saving-vaccines/

SITE VISIT 10: Foundation for Innovation New Diagnostics (FIND)

FIND: About us: http://www.finddiagnostics.org/about

“Diagnostic Path to a Better World”. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. Geneva, Switzerland.

2011. <http://www.finddiagnostics.org/export/sites/default/resource-

centre/find_documentation/pdfs/find_brochure_2011_website.pdf>