Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Dr Helen Brown
Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health Impact Assessment
Health Impact Assessment - A pathway to a
healthier & sustainable future
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
About the Centre
Established in 2004
3rd Re-designation in 2015
Education and training
Research
Guidelines
Climate change
Air Quality
NEHAPs
EH Country Profiles
Same time zone as most of SE Asia
Closer to Jakarta than Sydney
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Principles of HIA
Democracy
Equity
Sustainable development
Ethical use of evidence
Consider all determinants
of health
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Community Involvement in HIA
Why?
How?
Few slides on community consultation
local knowledge, can result in WIN/WIN situations –
where proponent and community are not necessarily in
conflict
4/03/2016
Minimizing risks and maximizing benefits
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Potential impact of climate change on health
www.climatecommunication.org
The Challenge
Number of determinants of health affected
Scale, complexity and time frame
Evidence gaps, levels of uncertainty
Different locations
different impacts & different adaptations
….Develop new approaches & tools to help
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Formed part of work on 2015 WHO
WPRO report Human health and
climate change in Pacific Island
countries WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Link to WA HIA of Climate Change
Published by Department of Health,
Western Australia
1 • Screening
2 • Scoping
3 • Profiling
4 • Assessment 1
5 • Assessment 2
6 • Adaptation
7 • Decision Making
8 • Evaluation
HIA Framework for Climate Change Vulnerability &
Adaptation Assessment
Workshop 1
Workshop 2
Workshop 3
Working Table 3 - 5
Working Table 6 & 7
Working Table 8
Working Table 9
Working Table 2
Working Table 1
Project
Team
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Transport Energy Business Agriculture
Environment
Development Industry Planning Water
HEALTH
Housing
1 • Screening
2 • Scoping
3 • Profiling
4 • Assessment 1
5 • Assessment 2
6 • Adaptation
7 • Decision Making
8 • Evaluation
Workshop 1 Hazard Identification,
Health Impacts and
Vulnerability
Working Table 3 - 5
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Biophysical
Environment
Service and
Infrastructure
Environment
Social
Environment
Workshop 1
Categories to Guide Formation of Expert Groups
• Environmental
• Ecological
• Technological
• Services
• Infrastructure
• Socio-economic
• Psychosocial
• Lifestyle
Broad
Groups of
Determinants
of Health
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Climate Variable Relevant Health-Related Hazards
Biophysical Environment Service and Infrastructure
Environment Social Environment
Gradual Changes
Temperature
increase
Change in rainfall
Sea-level increase
Extreme Events
Heatwaves
Droughts
Bushfires
Flooding
Storms
Cyclones
Landslides
Other
Working Table 3 –Hazard Identification
Extreme temperature
Ozone, PM
Poor water quality
Algal blooms
Crop damage
Changes to vectors
Stress on health
services and
infrastructure such as
power, transport &
water
Damage to wide-range
infrastructure &
property
Economic losses
Community well-being
Loss community
services
Half a day list of hazards from
each expert group
Climate
Variable
Impacts to Communities
and Individuals
Vulnerability
(exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity)
Evidence/
Uncertainty Health-
related
hazards
Health Impacts
Location Economic Social Infrastructure
& Services Direct Indirect
Temperature
increase ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Rainfall change
Sea-level
increase
Extreme Events:
Heatwaves
Droughts
Bushfires
Floods
Storms
Tropical
cyclones
Other
Working Table 4 – Health Impacts & Vulnerability
Work in same expert
groups
Exposure Sensitivity
VULNERABILITY
Potential Impact Adaptive Capacity
Key elements of vulnerability to health impacts
Vulnerability
(exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity)
Location Economic Social Infrastructure &
Services
Working Table 4 – Vulnerability - Heatwaves
North of State
Remote areas
Urban Heat Islands
Food producers
Low income groups
Occupations
Elderly, isolated,
sick
Poor housing
Energy sector
Health sector
Transport sector
Builds up a picture of
vulnerability – who and
what is vulnerable and why
1 • Screening
2 • Scoping
3 • Profiling
4 • Assessment 1
5 • Assessment 2
6 • Adaptation
7 • Decision Making
8 • Evaluation
Workshop 2
Assessment &
Risk Ranking
Working Table 6 & 7
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Working Table 7 - Risk Ranking
Potential Health Impact Consequence Likelihood Risk
Health impacts due to
extreme heat Catastrophic Likely Extreme
Health impacts due to
bushfires
Health impacts due to
flooding
Health impacts due to
higher particulate levels
Impacts from harmful
algal blooms
Impacts from increased
chemical exposure
Very High
Very High
High
Medium
Very High
Likely
Possible
Possible
Likely
Very Unlikely
Very High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
1 • Screening
2 • Scoping
3 • Profiling
4 • Assessment 1
5 • Assessment 2
6 • Adaptation
7 • Decision Making
8 • Evaluation
Adaptation Measures
Workshop 3
Working Table 8
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Working Table 8 – Adaptation Strategies
Categories of
Adaptation
(Suggested)
Current Capacity Suggestions
for
Implementation
or Upgrading
Sectors
Involved
A=Adequate
I= Inadequate
D= Developing
N = Not in place
Legislative or Regulatory
Public Education &
Communication
Surveillance and
Monitoring
Ecosystem Intervention
Infrastructure
Development
Technological or
Engineering
Health Intervention
Research/ Information
…8 categories to guide
discussion
Work in expert groups
Working Table 8 – Adaptation Strategies
Categories of
Adaptation
(Suggested)
Current Capacity Suggestions for
Implementation
or Upgrading
Sectors
Involved
A=Adequate
I= Inadequate
D= Developing
N = Not in place
Legislative or
Regulatory
Public Education &
Communication
Surveillance and
Monitoring
Ecosystem Intervention
Infrastructure
Development
Technological or
Engineering
Health Intervention
Research/ Information
Without specific
plan major
heatwave
presents
significant risks
Extend State
Emergency Plan to
include Heatwaves
Health,
Emergency
Services
N
Heatwaves
…about 350 potential
adaptation strategies
provided
Heat Event Response Plan
Working Table 9 - Adaptation Action Plan Summary
Risk Level - order from highest to lowest
Adaptation
Strategies Actions
Lead Gov’t
Agencies
Support
Agencies
1. Legislative or
Regulatory
2. .. And so on for all
8 categories
Heat Event
Response Plan
Extend State
Emergency
Management Plan to
include heatwaves
Health,
Emergency
Services Housing
Planning
Aged Care
Working Table 9 - Adaptation Action Plan Summary
Risk Level - order from highest to lowest
Adaptation
Strategies Actions
Lead Gov’t
Agencies
Support
Agencies
1. Legislative or
Regulatory
2. .. And so on for all
8 categories
Heat Event
Response Plan
Extend State
Emergency
Management Plan to
include heatwaves
Health,
Emergency
Services Housing
Planning
Aged Care
x
UNFCCC Training in 2012 and 2015
Link to HIA of climate change guidelines
CSIRO Urbanism Climate Health Cluster
Perth in 2050
Urban planning and heat – a systems approach
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
…..next 40 years
Climate profoundly influences the local culture and urban
conditions of Perth. Formidable temperatures and extreme UV
radiation are a major factor in how we inhabit the city.
Capital City Planning Framework, 2013
Complete removal of tree canopy
Limited opportunities to replace
permanent reduction
Fewer trees less shade, less evapotranspiration
More hard surfaces
Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect (2° to 10°C)
Creation of LOCAL climate change
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
http://ehia.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/CoolCommunities.pdf
Cool Communities Workshop – Systems Approaches
If we understand the
structure of complex
systems we can
manage the system
better
… to do this we need
to take into account
different perspectives
Influence Diagrams
Extent of treecanopy
Incorporation of treesin government
policies & planning
Private propertymanagers' tree
polices
Market demandfor trees
Urban heat
Sense of placeand heritage
Aesthetics
Sociability of localcommunity
Mentalwell-being
Heat-stress
Developerdesigns/methods
Communitydemand for trees
Perceivedbenefits of
trees
Extent of tree
canopyDevelopment
and infill
Climate change
Management practicessupportive of trees
Shade
Liveability
Urban character
Energy use
Public pressure fortree management
Heat
Extent of treecanopy
Community & socialstatus of trees
Priority given to trees inpolicies & regulations
Property values
Ecologicalservices
Inclusion of trees atdesign phase of
development
Health &well-beingAwareness of benefits
of trees on quality of life
Integrate different perspectives
Key variables affecting tree canopy
Top Seven Variables Score
Urbanisation policies, regulations and practices 35
Social & community values/expectations 33
Health and well-being 28
Urban design - sufficient space, urban character 15
Market drivers - buyers, financers for end users and developers 12
Economic valuation of trees 8
Protection of biodiversity 8
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Directions 2031 – Perth’s Vision
‘A world class liveable city: green, vibrant,
more compact and accessible with a unique sense of place’.
Current Level
Target
Gap drives action
Urban InfillTarget
Gap betweencurrent and target
Urban DensityInfill
Development
Stock and flow map
Impact of infill on tree canopy
Urban InfillTarget
Gap between currentlevel & target
Urban DensityInfill
Development
Tree CanopyPlanting &
growthRemoval &
deaths
What’s missing…..
Current Level
Target
No Gap and few policies
Urban InfillTarget
Gap between currentlevel and target
Urban Density
InfillDevelopment
Tree CanopyPlanting &
growthRemoval &
deaths
Gap between currentlevel and target.
Tree CanopyTarget
What’s missing…..
Current Level
Target
No Gap
Compact
Urban InfillTarget
Gap between currentlevel and target
Urban Density
InfillDevelopment
Tree CanopyPlanting &
growthRemoval &
deaths
Gap between currentlevel and target.
Tree CanopyTarget
What’s missing…..
Current Level
Target
No Gap
Compact
Urban InfillTarget
Gap between currentlevel and target
Urban Density
InfillDevelopment
Tree CanopyPlanting &
growthRemoval &
deaths
Gap between currentlevel and target.
Tree CanopyTarget
Green? Liveable? Healthy? Tree Canopy Target Tree Canopy Monitoring
Supporting Policies
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Are we really planning for a hotter climate
or are we ‘helping’ to create one?
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Seeing effects of climate change now
“Australia adds new colour to temperature maps as
heat soars”
52 - 54°C
Suggestion for new map of
Perth after record-breaking
4 days > 40 °C!
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Community Consultation
Why?
How?
Why?
Democracy – the right to be informed & involved
Expertise – community members and vulnerable groups
Build trust and develop a constructive relationship
Reduce risk of expensive and often long-term conflict
More likely to identify win-win outcomes with improved
outcomes for health and well-being & the proposal
How?
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
… not to do it
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
How?
Early planning and identification of key groups
Work in community environments & groups
Focus groups, interviews, surveys, advisory committees
Communication – public signs, leaflets, media
Plenty of guidelines available online
Dept Health, WA
“ an increased emphasis on
sustainability has seen more
proposals being assessed
through an integrated
consideration of potential
environmental, economic and
social impacts to meet the
needs of both current and
future generations.”
“.. explored through community
consultation processes to
determine the implications for
relevant communities.”
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
4/03/2016
You and your family?
Your community?
Which of these factors are most
important to you?
What outcomes would you
like to see?
What outcomes would you
not like to see?
Could the proposal
result in changes to any
of these factors for:
Capacity Building
Aim is to contribute to a coordinated, systematic and
strategic approach to capacity building in HIA at the
regional level
Capacity needed to translate objectives into outcomes
Starting Point
What is required?
How to do it?
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
What is required?
Align with objectives of Regional Framework for
Health and Environment
Focus on SDGs and the need for a multi-sectoral,
ecological perspective of health
Assess current capacity of countries
Systematic response to address the gaps
How to do it?
Ensure capacity across
3 key areas
Willingness & Values
Technical
Capacity
Knowledge
Competencies
Skills
W
T K
Success
Different partners/countries
Different strengths
Willingness & values can occur at
institutional, government & societal level
and includes ‘Political Will’
Identify potential leaders to develop
specific projects & partnership that
address key aspects of capacity building
coordinated approach with a focus on
multiple country projects that maximize
opportunities to build and sustain
capacity
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Capacity Building CB Actions Partnerships
Knowledge Preliminary Ideas Member countries
Health, Environment &
other sectors
WHO
UNEP
WHO Coll. Centre
UNU-IIGH
Academic institutions
Funders
Coordination?
HIA Process Training, ‘train-the-trainer’, e-courses
Community Consultation Training, guidelines, specific projects
SDGs Develop training materials, projects to
demonstrate health & env links
Technical
Sector specific guidelines Identify, share & adjust existing guidelines
Case studies Develop, compile & share
Assessing HIA Guidelines, training
Willingness
Advocacy Stakeholder engagement strategy,
communication strategy to influence
decision-makers & public opinion
Networks Strengthen regional, inter-sectoral ties
Funding Identify opportunities, pool resources,
collaborative funding
Align with Framework for Cooperation of Regional
Forum for Health and Environment
Mutual beneficial to all member countries
Active engagement of the health, environment and other
sectors to improve environmental health situation in
countries as well as in the region
Provides platform for coordination amongst different
stakeholder
Enable synergies and avoidance of duplication and
competition with other regional initiatives
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
What is the need?
Where does it fit in the
framework?
Who should be involved?
How do we share?
WHO Health Environment & Development Training,
Incheon, Korea, Dec 2015
WHO Collaborating Centre on
Environmental Health Impact
Assessment
Thank you [email protected]
http://ehia.curtin.edu.au/
