HEALTH CONSULTATION ESCAMBIA TREATING COMPANY

HEALTH CONSULTATION

ESCAMBIA TREATING COMPANY

CLARINDA TRIANGLE SOIL EVALUATION

CITY OF PENSACOLA, ESCAMBIA COUNTY, FLORIDA

EP A FACILITY ill: FLDOO8168346

Prepared by:Florida Department of HealthBureau of Community Environmental HealthUnder Cooperative Agreement with theU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Clarinda Triangle Health Consultation

Escambia Treating Company-Offsite Soil Evaluation

Contents

Foreword ii

Summary and Statement of Issues 1

Purpose 2

Background 3

Community Health Concerns 4

Discussion 5

Child Health Considerations 8

Conclusions 9

Recommendations 9

Public Health Action Pian 9

Authors, Technical Advisors 10

References 11

Appendix A -Chemicals above DEP's Soil Cleanup Target Levels 13

Appendix B -Figures and Tables 14

Figure 1: Pensacola locations for Escambia Treating Company and the ClarindaTriangle 15Figure 2: Air photo (1999) showing March 2004 sample locations 16

Figure 3: Air photo (1999) showing locations where soil analyses exceeded DEP's draftresidential Soil Cleanup Target Level for arsenic. 17

Figure 4: Air photo (1999) showing locations where soil analyses exceeded DEP'sresidential Soil Cleanup Target Level and ATSDR's Environmental Media EvaluationGuide for dioxins 18

Figure 5: Air photo (1999) showing locations where soil analyses exceeded DEP'sresidential Soil Cleanup Target Level and ATSDR's Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide for 1in 1 million excess cancer risk for PAHs in yellow. Locations and values for leadexceeding DEP's residential Soil Cleanup Target Level are shown (790 and 510) in green.

19Table 1. Maximum concentrations in off-site surface soil (0-6 inches below groundsurface) 20

Table 2. Estimated dose from daily exposures to off-site surface soil, doses calculatedfrom highest measured levels 22

Table 3. Comparison of doses calculated from highest measured values to most sensitiveeffects (effects occurring at the lowest doses in animal and human medical studies). 23

Table 4. Estimated Blood Lead Concentrations in Children Ingesting On-Site SurfaceSoil (micrograms per deciliter -Jig/dl) : 27

Table 5. Estimated Blood Lead Concentrations In Adults Ingesting On-Site Surface Soil(micrograms per deciliter -Jig/dl) 27

CERTIFICATION 28



Foreword

This document summarizes the Florida Department of Health's evaluation of off site soil datanear the Escambia Treating Company site in Pensacola. Florida Department of Health evaluatessite-related public health issues through the following processes:

.Evaluating 'exposure: Florida DOH scientists begin by reviewing availableinformation about environmental conditions. The first task is to find out how muchcontamination is present, where contamination occurs, and how people might beexposed to it. Usually, Florida DOH does not collect its own environmental samplingdata. The US Environmental Protection Agency's contractor, Camp, Dresser, andMcKee (CDM) provided the information for this Health Consultation.

.Evaluating health effects: If there is evidence that people are exposed, or could beexposed, to hazardous substances, Florida DOH scientists will determine whether thatexposure could be harmful to human health. This report focuses on public health; thatis, the health impact on the community as a whole, and is based on existing scientificinformation.

.Developing recommendations: In this evaluation report, Florida DOH outlines itsconclusions regarding any potential health threat posed by soil off site from theEscambia Treating Company site, and offers recommendations for reducing oreliminating human exposure to contaminants. The role of Florida DOH in dealingwith hazardous waste sites is primarily advisory. For that reason, the evaluation reportwill typically recommend actions other agencies should take. If, however, animmediate health threat exists or is imminent, Florida DOH will issue a public healthadvisory warning people of the danger, and will work to resolve the problem.

.Soliciting community input: The evaluation process is interactive. Florida DOH startsby soliciting and evaluating information from various government agencies,individuals or organizations responsible for cleaning up the site, and those living incommunities near the site. We share any conclusions about the site with the groupsand organizations providing the information. Once an evaluation report has beenprepared, Florida DOH seeks feedback from the public. If you have questions orcomments about this report, we encourage you to contact us.

Please write to. Connie Garrett/Health Assessment Team,Bureau of Community Environmental HealthIFlorida Department of Health4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin # A-08Tallahassee, FL 32399-1712(850) 245-4299, or toll-free during business hours: 1-877-798-2772Or call us at.



Summary and Statement of Issues

Escarnbia Treating Company (ETC) operated a wood treating facility in eastern Pensacola(Escarnbia County), from 1942 to 1982. The roughly 26-acre ETC property is at 3910 NorthPalafox Highway, also known as US Highway 29. The facility treated utility poles andfoundation pilings with creosote, pentachlorophenol dissolved in ~iesel fuel, and possiblychromated copper arsenate. Between April 1982 and May 1992, t~e US EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EP A) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)conducted several soil and groundwater investigations. They found creosote andpentachlorophenol contamination of groundwater and soil. The soil also contained dioxin, acommon impurity of commercial-grade pentachlorophenol. ETC f1led for bankruptcy andabandoned the site in 1991. i

The EPA directed on-site emergency soil excavation (1991-1993) to prevent further groundwatercontamination and to determine the quantity of solid waste on the rite. During excavation~ctivities, nearby residents complained about strong odors that ca~sed eye and skin irritation.EP A temporarily relocated two residents because of health problems.

In 1995, EPA contractors analyzed soil samples from the neighborhoods north and south of ETC.The 1995 sampling identified off-site chemicals at elevated levels, including dioxin, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (P AHs), arsenic, and lead. On February 12, 1997, EP A decided torelocate approximately 358 families. Relocated residents lived in three subdivisions north ofETC (Rosewood Terrace, Oak Park, and Escambia Arms) and one subdivision south ofETC(Herman Avenue and Pearl Street neighborhood). EPA relocated the last resident in 2003.

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EPA's contractor, Camp, Dresser and McKee (CDM), collected mbre off-site soil samples inMarch 2004. CDM sampled soil at nine background locations and at the following five areasnear the ETC:

.the "Clarinda Triangle", an area of mixed residential and 90mmercial properties west ofthe ETC site,

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.Palafox Industrial Park, located immediately south of the ETC site,

.Herman Avenue and Pearl Street, located immediately south of Palafox Industrial Park,

the Palafox Highway /Hickory Street Commercial Strip located north of the RosewoodTerrace neighborhood, and

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north and east of Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU)ll 0, an excavation area on thenortheast edge of the ETC site. I

The Clarinda Triangle area soil samples had arsenic, dioxins, lead, I and polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) above DEP's Soil Cleanup Target Levels (SFTLs) for residential areas.

EPA asked the Florida Department of Health (DOH) to evaluate ~ Clarinda Triangle data forpossible public health effects. To do this, we estimated soil amounts children and adults mightingest (accidentally or incidentally), daily, for longer than a year~using the highest measuredchemical levels and standard exposure assumptions. These estimates give an amount of chemicalper body weight, also called a dose. We use doses to compare the highest expected exposurelevels to amounts having known health effects from animal studies or from human medical

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Clarinda Triangle Health ConsultationEscambia Treating Company-Offsite Soil Evaluation

reports. The doses we estimate for children are usually higher than adult doses. This is becausewe assume children weigh less than adults do, and they might ingest more soil than adults might.

Florida DOH categorizes the Clarinda Triangle area surface soil as "No Apparent Public HealthThreat". Our comparisons showed the highest measured levels of arsenic, dioxins, lead, andP AHs are unlikely to have non-cancer health effects for both children and adults. The dioxindose we calculated for children is 10 to 100 times below any effect levels demonstrated, eitherexperimentally or in epidemiologic studies, for both cancer and noncancer health endpoints. Theadult dose is about 10 times lower than the estimated child dose.

We list the specific types of cancers associated with arsenic and P AHs in the Public HealthImplications portion of this Health Consultation. We calculated increased theoretical cancer risksfor arsenic and P AHs, again assuming children and adults would have daily contact with soil thatwould lead to them accidentally or incidentally eat or inhale it-at the highest measured levels.We found:

for arsenic by the incidental soil ingestion exposure route -an increase of 3 to 6theoretical cases in 100,000 -between "low" and "no apparent" risk,

for arsenic by the dust inhalation exposure route -an increase of 4 to 6 theoretical casesin 1,000,000 -between "no apparent" and "no significant" risk,

for P AHs by the incidental soil ingestion exposure route -an increase of 4 theoreticalcases in 100,000, between "low" and "no apparent" risk, and

for P AHs by the dust inhalation exposure route -an increase of less than 1 theoreticalcase in 1,000,000 -"no significant" risk.

Although the Florida DOH only identified low increased risk of cancer (for daily exposure toseveral chemicals) as the-health risks associated with the chemicals measured in the subdivision,persons may want to take precautions to lessen their potential for exposure. To reduce their soilingestion potential, residents and workers can avoid hand-to-mouth contact with surface soil,and can avoid consuming vegetables and fruits grown in their yards, especially root crops.Residents and workers can reduce their potential for soil inhalation by avoiding working industy outdoor conditions or by using dust masks.

Florida DOH, Bureau of Community Environmental Health staff will evaluate any additional datathat EP A takes near the ETC property for public health concerns. IfEP A finds additional or higherlevels of chemicals, Florida DOH will reevaluate the exposure pathways in this health consultation.Florida DOH will also infonn and educate nearby residents about the public health evaluationcompleted for this site.

PurposeEP A requested Florida DOH to review the 2004 soil sampling res~lts for Clarinda Triangle andparticipate in a public meeting to address possible health-related questions associated with thescreening evaluation of soil near the ETC site.

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Background

Escambia Treating Company is in downtown Pensacola. Properties within one mile of the siteare residential, mixed industrial, and commercial. Mixed residential and commercial properties

are west ofETC, across North Palafox Highway. The CSX Railroad switching yard and a large

quarry border ETC to the east. Former neighborhoods are north and south of the site. The EP Arelocated residents from these areas. As of November 2004, joint efforts by the EPA, U.S Army

Corps of Engineers, Escambia County and the City of Pensacola had demolished 45 abandoned

homes and had begun property remediation. After remediation, EP A anticipates industrial or. I ~ h .11commercIa use lor t ese propertIes.

Potable water for this area comes from the Sand and Gravel aquifer. Locally, the poorly sorted,coarse-grained, quartz Sand and Gravel aquifer is about 300 feet thick. The interconnectedspaces between the aquifer sediments allow rapid groundwater movement, making the aquifervulnerable to groundwater contamination.

In 2000, about 5,606 people lived within a I-mile radius of a point in the center ofETC2.Approximately 61 % were black, 35% percent were white, and 2% were Hispanic or Latino. Allother racial or ethnic groups made up less than 2%. There are 3 schools (Brown Barge, BookerT. Washington, and Brentwood), and University Hospital and Clinic hospital, within I mile ofETC.

ETC operated a wood treating facility in eastern Pensacola (Escambia County), from 1.942 to1982. The 26-acre ETC property is at 3910 North Palafox Highway, also known as US Highway29. Initially the facility treated utility poles and foundation pilings with creosote. In 1963, ETCbegan using pentachlorophenol dissolved in diesel fuel in addition to creosote. After 1970, ETCmainly used pentachlorophenol preservative, although they may have used chromated copperarsenate (CCA), at least on a trial basis3.

EP A began excavations in October 1991 to address the immediate threat that the ETC site soilposed for groundwater contamination. After installing a 12-foot fence to restrict access, EP Aexcavated approximately 255,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil and stockpiled the materialon and under a secure cover to prevent further migration of contaminants into the groundwater.They completed preliminary excavation work in 19935.

In 1995, EP A contractors analyzed soil samples from the neighborhoods north and south ofETC6. Florida DOH evaluated these data and found that long-term daily exposure to dioxin at thehighest levels measured in some surface soil samples could cause immune system impairment orliver damage in exposed children or adults5. The 1995 sampling also identified other chemicalsat elevated levels, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic, and lead6. OnFebruary 12, 1997, EP A issued a Record of Decision to relocate approximately 358 families.Relocation was completed in 2003. Relocated residents lived in three subdivisions north of ETC(Rosewood Terrace, Oak Park, and Escambia Arms) and one subdivision south ofETC (onHerman Avenue and Pearl Street).

CDM investigated the distribution of on-site and some off-site soil contamination for EP A in19987. On site, these 1998 soil data showed elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P AHs),pentachlorophenol, pesticides, metals, and dioxin concentrations.

Off-site, the 1998 soil data showed

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the highest P AH, pesticide, and dioxin levels in the yards of several residences adjacentto ETC's northern border,

P AHs and metals in many surface soil samples collected in the Rosewood Terrace, OakPark, and Escambia Arms neighborhoods north of the site,

P AHs and metals in soil at a drum manufacturing facility north of the site, and

P AHs, pesticides, dioxins, and metals in soil in the Hennan A venue and Pearl Streetneighborhood south of the site but especially near or adjacent to the CSX Railroad track.

Contaminants may have migrated from ETC to offsite areas via surface soil volatilization, dustgenerationS, or movement of shallow groundwater above soil horizons that perch after periods ofextended heavy rainfal19. Shallow slightly clayey, silty, sand layers (3.5 to 9 feet below landsurface) appear to dip to the northwest and could account for temporary northwestern lateralshallow groundwater flo~ .

In 2004, EPA's contractor CDM did additional off site soil investigation near ETC. Theymeasured arsenic, dioxins, lead, and P AHs in surface soil in the Clarinda Triangle area, aboveDEP's Soil Cleanup Target Levels. Currently the EPA is working with the community todetermine which of the following cleanup options to pursue:

Temporary relocation with cleanup to residential standards,

Pennanent relocation with cleanup to commercial standards, no demolition, or

Pemlanent relocation with cleanup to commercial standards, including demolishingexisting structures.

Community Health ConcernsIn April 2002, the local citizens group, Citizens Against Toxic Exposure (CATE) asked the EPA

National Ombudsman for an independent review of the following items at the ETC site:

an examination of the status of ETC cleanup planning,

a determination of whether the home owner relocation was conducted appropriately and

in accordance with EP A's guidelines, and

an evaluation of the effectiveness of community relations activities.

The Ombudsman found EP A took appropriate cleanup planning actions at the ETC Superfundsite I O. The lining and covering of the soils stored on the site is protective, and this soil storage

should be viable for several more years. The EPA expects completed Feasibility Studies forremedial action in mid-2005. At that time, with the completion of additional soil sampling andrecent agreement between EP A and Florida regarding cleanup standards, the Ombudsmanexpects progress on a proposed plan for site cleanup.

Although the Ombudsman found the relocation project to be effective, she recommendedRegion 4 should continue to require the u.s. Army Corps of Engineers to:

provide appraisal details to property owners,

more closely monitor housing inspections, and

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.allow residents a period of time to report replacement-housing problems and obtainreimbursement for legitimate repairs.

The Ombudsman found EP A had provided fact sheets, made periodic visits to update communitymembers, held public meetings, and required administrative record files to be made available atthe site repository. She recommended the EP A should consider reviewing and updating the siteCommunity Involvement Plan, conduct additional public meetings, and provide courtesy copiesof future administrative record documents to community representatives to bolster communityrelations in the future.

On February 23, 2005, EPA held two Public Availability Sessions near ETC at the New HopeBaptist Church. The first session was held from 10:00 am to 1 :00 pm and the second session washeld from 2:30 to 6:45 pm, to discuss the March 2004 sampling results. Connie Garrett, HealthAssessor with the Florida DOH, attended the meeting. During the meeting, Ms. Garrett discussedthe anticipated fmdings of this Health Consultation (this document had not been approved at thattime). She listened and took notes of stakeholders' public health concerns.

Discussion

In this section, Florida DOH evaluates data from CDM's March 20041 soil investigation of theClarinda Triangle neighborhood for possible public health concerns. Florida DOH attempts tomoderate the uncertainties inherent in the health consultation process by using conservativeassumptions when estimating or interpreting health risks in order to protect public health.

Florida DOH used DEP's residential Soil Target Cleanup Levels (SCTLs) and ATSDR's dioxinEnvironmental Media Evaluation Guide (EMEG) to select the contaminants of concern.Identification of a contaminant of concern in this section of the report does not necessarily meanthat exposure to the contaminant will cause illness. Identification of contaminants of concernhelps narrow the focus of the public health consultation to those contaminants that pose apotential public health risk to area residents.

CDM collected 52 surface soil samples from ground surface to 6 inches below the level ofground surface to evaluate surface soil quality in the Clarinda Triangle neighborhood. In Table I,we list the highest measured levels and the locations for the chemicals measured above theirscreening values in Clarinda Triangle. CDM's Laboratories conducted their analyses inaccordance with EP A Definitive Level requirements, which included data validation and QualityControl requirements; therefore, Florida DOH assumed that these data are valid.

Exposure Pathways

Most chemical contaminants in the environment will only harm people through direct exposure.It is essential to detennine or estimate the frequency of contact people could have with hazardoussubstances in their environment in order to assess the public health significance of thecontaminants.

Residents, or construction or landscaping workers could accidentally ingest soil if they got it ontheir hands and then put their hands into their mouths while playing, gardening, or digging in thesoil. Residents, or construction or landscaping workers might inhale dust in windy conditions.

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When soil conditions are dry, persons doing yard work, operating power machinery or usingrakes might inhale dust.

Public Health Implications

Florida DOH evaluates exposures by estimating daily doses for children and adults (Table 2). A

dose is an amount of chemical per body weight. Florida DOH uses estimated doses to compare

potential exposure levels to amounts having known health effects from animal studies or from

human medical reports. We use the units of milligrams (mg) of contaminant per kilogram (kg) of

body weight per day (mg/kg/day). A milligram is 1/1,000 of a gram; a kilogram is approximately

1,000 grams or 2 pounds.

To estimate a daily dose, Florida DOH uses the highest measured levels of chemicals and

standard assumptions about body weight, ingestion and inhalation rates, duration of exposure,

and other factors needed for dose calculation 11. To estimate exposure from incidental ingestionof contaminated soil, Florida DOH uses the following assumptions (and others, listed before

Table 2)11:

1) children 1 -4 years of age ingest an average of 200 mg of soil per day,2) adults ingest an average of 100 mg of soil per day,

3) children 1 -4 years of age weigh an average of 15 kg,

4) adults weigh an average of70 kg,

5) children and adults ingest contaminated soil at the maximum concentration measured

for each contaminant.

The measured levels of chemicals in the Clarinda Triangle soil samples are unlikely to cause

non-cancer health effects. Table 3 details how our calculated doses compare with the lowest

levels associated with health effects from medical reports or animal studies. In the following

section, we discuss the theoretical increases in cancer that might result from daily ingestion

and/or inhalation of soil containing the highest measured levels of arsenic and P AHs. We alsodiscuss the potential health effects of low levels of lead exposure.

Arsenic

Figure 3 shows where surface soil samples contained arsenic above the residential Soil CleanupTarget Level. A surface soil sample taken west of a large commercial building on West 40th Laneand Palafox Highway had the highest measured arsenic level. This one measurement may beanomalous: it is about 6 times higher than the next highest measured arsenic value. Thetheoretical increased statistical cancer risk for children and adults exPQsed daily to soilcontaining 69 ppm arsenic is:

.for incidental soil ingestion -an increase of 3 to 6 theoretical cases in 100,000 -between"low" and "no apparent" risk,

for arsenic by the dust inhalation exposure route -an increase of 4 to 6 theoretical casesin 1,000,000 -between "no apparent" and "no significant" risk.

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From lowest to highest dose cancer effect levels, chronic arsenic exposures have been linked tolung, basal and squamous cell skin cancers, liver cancer (haemangioendothelioma), urinary tractcancers (bladder, kidney, prostate, ureter, and all urethral cancers), and intraepidermaltcancersl2.

Dioxin

A surface soil sample taken near the western end of Clarinda Lane yielded the highest TEQdioxin level. Figure 4 shows the calculated dioxin levels above DEP's residential Soil CleanupTarget Level and the location of the one sample that was above ATSDR's Environmental MediaEvaluation Guide. The dioxin dose we calculated for children exposed to the highest calculateddioxin TEQ is 10 to 100 times below any effect levels demonstrated, either experimentally or inepidemiologic studies, for both cancer and noncancer health endpoints. Likewise, we would notexpect cancer or noncancer health effects for adults because the estimated adult dose is 10 timeslower than the estimated child dose. Unlike manv carcinogens, information linking dioxins tocancer sites is not definite. Statistically significant increases in risks for all cancers were found inworkers exposed to high levels of dioxins many years after their exposures (called a long latencyperiod). The evidence linking low doses with site-specific cancers is weaker, with some datasuggesting a possible relationship between soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or

.13respIratory cancer.

~A surface soil sample taken north of a building at the intersection of Palafox and Clarinda Laneyielded the highest measured TEQ P AH level. Figure 5 show the locations of the PAHsmeasured above DEP's residential Soil Cleanup Target Level. The theoretical increasedstatistical risks of cancer for children and adults exposed to the highest level ofTEQ P AHsmeasured (9.4 ppm) daily, (for longer than a year) are:

for incidental soil ingestion -an increase of 4 theoretical cases in 100,000 -between"low" and "no significant" risk, and

for dust inhalation -an increase of less than 1 theoretical case in 1,000,000 -"nosignificant" risk.

Worker exposures to high levels ofPAHs show cancers (skin, bladder, lung and gastrointestinal)are the most significant endpoint ofPAH toxicityl4. Long-term worker PAH exposures havebeen linked with skin and eye irritation, photosensitivity, respiratory irritation (with cough andbronchitis), leukoplakia t, precancerous skin growths enhanced by exposure to sunlight, erythemanodosum,11 skin burns, acneiform lesions, mild hepatoxicity, and haematuriat. In addition, several

t Intraepidermal is the name for the early pre-invasive form of squamous cell skin cancer. "Pre-invasive" means that

the cancer cells are confmed to the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis. At this stage, the cancer cells are unlikelyto have spread to the lymph nodes, but they can spread along the skin surface. If left untreated, these cells candevelop into an invasive cancer and spread into the lymphatic system.t Leukoplakia is a common, potentially pre-cancerous disease of the mouth that,involves the formation of whitespots on the mucous membranes of the tongue and inside of the mouth. Despite the increased risk associated withhaving leukoplakia, most people with this condition never get oral cancerA Erythema nodosum is an inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue.t Hematuria is passage of blood in the urine.

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P AHs are immunotoxic, and some suppress selective components of the immune system.Workers' dermal exposure studies indicate that although direct contact may be of concern at highexposure levels, they do not suggest that lower levels are likely to cause significant irritation's.

~A surface soil sample taken west of a large commercial building on West 40th Lane and PalafoxHighway had the highest measured lead level, 790 ppm. Figure 5 shows (in green) where leadwas measured in surface soil above DEP's residential Soil Cleanup Target Level. For lead,estimated blood levels more accurately predict health effects than traditional dose estimates.Florida DOH used a simple model to estimate blood lead levels and likely health effects I 6 for

exposures to the highest measured levels of lead in soil. This model takes into account childrenand adults' exposures to lead from sources other than the site. Florida DOH assumed peoplewould be exposed to lead-contaminated soil eight hours per day.

The modeled blood lead levels for daily long-term exposure varied from 2.5 to 6.6 microgramsper deciliter (~g/dl) for children and from 1.8 to 6.6 ~g/dl for adults-below the US Centers forDisease Control and Prevention's level of concern \1 0 ~g/dL). Lead in the bloodstream interfereswith the body's ability to make new red blood cells 7. Too few red blood cells (anemia) mean thebody's uptake of energy from food and oxygen from air is less efficient. The processes leading toanemia occur at all levels of lead exposure: there is no threshold for this effect. There also maybe no threshold for adverse neurological effects of lead in children: intelligence, balance,hearing, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder I 7 '(Table 3).

Child Health Considerations

A TSDR and Florida DOH recognize the unique vulnerabilities of infants and children demandsp~ial attention18. Children are at a greater risk than are adults to certain kinds of exposure tohazardous substances. Because they play outdoors and may eat outdoors, children are morelikely to be exposed to contaminants in surface soil. Children are shorter than adults, whichmeans they breathe dust, soil, and heavy vapors closer to the ground. They are also smaller,resulting in higher doses of chemical exposure per body weight. If toxic exposures occur duringcritical growth stages, the developing body systems of children can sustain permanent damage.Probably most important, however, is that children depend on adults for risk identification andrisk management, hygiene awareness, and access to medical care. Thus, adults should be awareof public health risks in their community, so they can guide their children accordingly. Inrecognition of these concerns, ATSDR developed the chemical screening values for children'sexposures that Florida DOH used in preparing this report.

Other susceptible populations may have different or enhanced responses to toxic chemicals thanwill most persons exposed to the same levels of that chemical in the environment. Reasons mayinclude genetic makeup, age, health, nutritional status, and exposure to other toxic substances(like cigarette smoke or alcohol). These factors may limit that persons' ability to detoxify orexcrete harmful chemicals or may increase the effects of damage fc;> their organs or systems.

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Conclusions

Florida DOH categorizes the Clarinda Triangle surface soil as "No Apparent Public HealthHazard". Although the levels of arsenic, dioxins, lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(pAHs) measured in the Clarinda Triangle area surface soil sample are above DEP's SoilCleanup Target Levels, Florida DOH identified low increased risk of cancer as the only healthrisks for daily exposure. Properties in this area of Pensacola are residential and commercial.

Florida DOH evaluated the analytical results for 52 surface soil samples for possible threats topublic health. We compared doses estimated using the highest measured chemical levels tochemical-specific doses linked with health effects. The highest measured levels of arsenic,dioxins, lead, and P AHs are unlikely to have non-cancer health effects for children and adults.The estimated child dioxin dose is 10 to 100 times below any effect levels demonstrated, eitherexperimentally or in epidemiologic studies, for both cancer and noncancer health endpoints. Theadult dose is about 100 to 1000 times higher.

Only one chemical had an estimated dose greater than an A TSDR minimwn risk level, ourestimated child dose for arsenic in a surface soil sample taken west of a large commercialbuilding on West 40th Lane and Palafox Highway. Because this one value was measured on acommercial property, the data for surface soils in the Clarinda Triangle area fit A TSDR' s "NoApparent Public Health Hazard" category.

We list the specific cancer types associated with arsenic, dioxins, and P AHs in the Public HealthImplications portion of this Health Consultation. We calculated increased theoretical cancer risksfor arsenic and P AHs, again asswning children and adults would have daily contact with soil-that would lead them to accidentally or incidentally eat or inhale it-at the highest measuredlevels. We found:

for arsenic by the incidental soil ingestion exposure route -an increase of 3 to 6theoretical cases in 100,000 -between "low" and "no apparent" risk,

for arsenic by the dust inhalation exposure route -an increase of 4 to 6 theoretical casesin 1,000,000 -between "no apparent" and "no significant" risk,

for P AHs by the incidental soil ingestion exposure route -an increase of 4 theoreticalcases in 100,000, between "low" and "no apparent" risk, and

for P AHs by the dust inhalation exposure route -an increase of less thancase in 1,000,000 -"no significant" risk.

theoretical

Recommendations

Although the identified health risks for soil in the Clarinda Triangle area are low, Florida DOHmakes the following recommendations to provide residents with advice on the "best publichealth practices", should they wish to avoid soil exposures. To avoid accidentally ingesting soil,residents and workers should avoid hand-to-mouth contact with surface soil, and should avoidconsuming vegetables and fruits grown in contaminated soil, especially root crops. To avoidaccidentally inhaling soil, residents and workers should avoid working in dusty conditions, orshould use dust masks if they are unable to avoid dusty conditions.

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Public Health Action Plan

IfEPA takes additional samples off-site from the ETC soil property where people may havedaily soil exposure, Florida DOH, Bureau of Community Environmental Health staff willevaluate the results. Florida DOH will reevaluate exposure pathways if additional chemicals arefound.

Florida DOH will also infonn and educate nearby residents about the limited public healththreats identified at this site.

Authors, Technical Advisors

Florida De~artment of Health AuthorConnie GarrettBureau of Community Environmental HealthDivision of Environmental Health(850) 245-4299

Florida DeQartment of Health Designated ReviewerRandy MerchantBureau of Community Environmental HealthDivision of Environmental Health(850) 245-4299

The A TSDR ReviewerJennifer FreedTechnical Project OfficerDivision of Health Assessment and Consultation

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1. Camp, Dresser, and McKee. 2004. Contractor for the EP A: Escambia Treating CompanySite, Remedial Investigation /Feasibility Study, Escambia County, Pensacola Florida.Preliminary Data Summary Report, Additional Soil Investigation for Operable Unit 1.

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3. Ecology and Environment. 2004. Expanded Site Screening Evaluation for Brown BargeSchool Site, Pensacola, Escambia County, Florida.

4. US Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Action Memorandum from Fred Stroud, OSC,to Donald J. Guinyard, Acting Director, Waste Management Division, Request for aRemoval Action at the Escambia Treating Company Site, Pensacola, Escambia County,Florida, April 11, 1991.

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Black and Veatch Waste Science, Inc. 1995. Draft Field Sampling Investigation, EscambiaFacility Neighborhood, Rosewood Community, Escambia County, Florida. November 201995.

8. CDM Federal Programs Corporations. 1998. Final Remedial Investigation Feasibility Studyfor Source Soils for the Escambia Treating Company Site, Pensacola, Florida. June 1998.

9. Larry M. Jacobs & Associates. 1986. Report of Geohydrologicallnvestigations for theEscambia Treating Company, Pensacola, Florida.

10. Ombudsman's Report. 2004. Review of Actions at Escambia Treating Company Site,Pensacola, Florida Report 2004-P-00032 September 30, 2004

11. US Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Exposure Factors Handbook, Volumes I, II, and III. EP A/600/P-95/002F a, b, c

12. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2000. Toxicological profile for arsenic.Update. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

13. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1998. Toxicological profile forchlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Update. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices.

4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1995. Toxicological profile forpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Update. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices. Publication No.: PB/2000/l0802l


15. Goodfellow F J L, V S G Murray, S K Guki, A Iversn, A Sparks, T Bartlett. 2001. Publichealth response to an incident of secondary chemical contamination at a beach in the UnitedKingdom, Occupational Environmental Medicine, 2001; 58;232-238 (April)

16. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999. Toxicological profile for lead.Update. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

17. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2002b. Case study in environmentalmedicine. Lead toxici~. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

18. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1998. Guidance on Including ChildHealth Issues in Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Documents: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services. July 2, 1998.

19. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2004. Soil and Water ComparisonValues. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services, Atlanta, GA

20. Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 1999. Development of Soil Cleanup TargetLevels, for Chapter 62-777, F.A.C. Prepared for the Division of Waste Management, FloridaDEP

12


List of chemicals above DEP's Soil Cleanup Target Levels by sample areas:

"Clarinda Triangle" mixed residential and commercial properties west of the ETC site

-arsenic (2/52 locations, 69 ppm highest), dioxins (5152, 78 ppt highest), PAHs(2/52 locations, 1.5 ppm highest), exceed DEPs Industrial SCTLs.

-arsenic (21/52 locations), dioxins (33/52 locations), lead (2 locations, 790 ppmhighest), and PAHs (21/52 locations) exceed DEP residential SCTLs.

Palafox Industrial Park immediately south of the ETC site

-dioxin TEQs (only 1/5 locations, at 153 ppt) exceeds DEPs Industrial SCTL.-arsenic (315 locations, 5.2 ppm highest) and dioxin TEQs (215 locations),exceed DEP residential SCTLs.

Herman Avenue and Pearl Street immediately south of Palafox Industrial Park

-CSX documented extensive lead contamination in area surface soil; EP A isdiscussing lead plume remediation with Agrico potentially responsible parties

(pRPs).-CDM only sampled for TEQ dioxins during this investigation, (3/30, 47.83 ppthighest, exceeded DEP's industrial SCTLs. 22/30 exceeded DEP's dioxinresidential SCTLs.

the Palafox Highway/Hickory Street Commercial Strip located north of the RosewoodTerrace neighborhood

-no chemicals exceeded DEPs Industrial SCTL. and

-arsenic (4/5 locations, 3.4 ppm highest), dioxins (315 locations, 13.13 ppthighest), and PAHs (315 locations, .37 ppm highest) exceed DEP residentialSCTLs.

north and east of Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 10, an excavation area on thenortheast edge of the ETC site

-east of SWMU1 0, no chemicals measured above DEP Industrial SCTLs, TEQdioxins (2/2, 21.6 ppt highest), PARs (1/2,0.13 ppm highest) and arsenic (1/2,5.8 ppm highest) exceed DEP residential SCTLs.

-area north of SWMU1 0 under remediation-dioxins (4/4, 333.8 ppt highest),exceed DEPs Industrial SCTLs. PARs (4/4 locations, 0.412 ppm highest), arsenic(1/4 locations, 2.5 ppm highest) and dioxins exceed DEP residential SCTLs.

13


Appendix B -Figures and Tables

14

Figure I: Pensacola locations for EscambiaTreating Company and Clarinda Triangle

0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Figure 2: Air photo (1999) showing locations where soilwas sampled in March 2004

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Table 4. Estimated Blood Lead Concentrations in Children Ingesting On-Site Surface Soil(micrograms per deciliter -Jlg/dl)

*Default Value-J, Appendix D.'These slopes were for children from16, Appendix D, ATSDR's Regression Analysis withMultiple-uptake Parameters to Estimate Blood Lead from Environmental Exposures.

Table 5. Estimated Blood Lead Concentrations In Adults Ingesting On-Site Surface Soil(micrograms per deciliter -J1g/dl)

27

CERTIFICATION

The Florida Department of Health prepared this Escambia Treating Company offsite soil PublicHealth Assessment under a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances andDisease Registry (ATSDR). It is in accordance with approved methodology and proceduresexisting at the time the health assessment was begun. Editorial review was completed by theCooperative Agreement partner.

c:\i~.J.f/l a fMJ- -(J-J~f~Freed- --

Technical Project OfficerDivision of Health Assessment and Consultation (DHAC)

ATSDR

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, ATSDR, hasreviewed this health consultation, and concurs with its findings.

;'L.

T eaml.Leader,SP AB, DIfAC, ATSDR

28