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Nidgtn Fdri Butfbhis kj Jbrmkf Fbujtrkis vs* Nidgtn Fdri Butfbhis kj

tni Yjktim Vtdtis5 Dj Bleiftkvi Djdgysks

Aygi \b`bwsakVBFK 60? Nidgtn djm Kggjiss

Vkijd Fbggi`iMr* Hdtfnd

Dprkg 4;'

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DLV]\DF]

Kt wds jbt gbj` d`b tndt tni Yjktim Vtdtis wds sktudtim dtbp tni

wbrgm kj tni nidgtn fdri drijd* Nbwivir' tnikr kjtirjdtkbjdg

stdjmkj` kj tni drid bc himkfkji nds liij mifgkjkj` cbr mifdmis* ]ni

Jbrmkf fbujtrkis' jdhigy Vwimij' Jbrwdy' Mijhdra' djm Ckjgdjm' ndvi

liij dsfijmkj` tb tni tbp bc tni rdjakj`s murkj` tnks sdhi tkhi

pirkbm* ]nisi fbujtrkis dri rijbwjim cbr bccirkj` ujkvirsdg nidgtn

sirvkfis tb tnikr fktkzijs djm ndvkj` sbhi bc tni list fdri kj tni

wbrgm bvirdgg* Pny dri nidgtn fdri butfbhis fbhhbjgy nk`nir kj tni

Jbrmkf fbujtrkis tndj kj tni Yjktim Vtdtis2 ]nks stumy ixdhkjis tni

strufturi djm ckjdjfi bc nidgtn systihs' djm kjmkfdtbrs bc nidgtn

wktnkj Jbrmkf fbujtrkis ds wigg ds wktnkj tni Yjktim Vtdtis*

Ckjmkj`s snbw tndt fbujtrkis tndt ihpgby d ujkvirsdg nidgtn systih

`ijirdggy dssk`j giss cujmkj` tb tnks siftbr djjudggy wnkgi

skhugtdjibusgy ixpirkijfkj` littir nidgtn butfbhis djm giss

kjiqudgkty*

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KJ]\BMYF]KBJ

]nks risidrfn(ldsim djdgysks fbhpdris tni nidgtn fdri systihs

bc tni Yjktim Vtdtis tb cbur Jbrmkf fbujtrkis5 Vwimij' Jbrwdy'

Mijhdra' djm Ckjgdjm* Jkjity(jkji pirfijt bc tni Jbrmkf pbpugdtkbj

ks fbhprksim crbh tnisi cbur fbujtrkis wnkfn hdais tnih tni list

fdjmkmdtis cbr ixdhkjdtkbj* ]ni nidgtn fdri systih bc tni Yjktim

Vtdtis ks furrijtgy ujmir`bkj` mrdstkf fndj`is' lut kt ks stkgg

`ijirdggy fbjskmirim tb li gdfakj` kj sivirdg drids* Kj

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bc nk`n khpbrtdjfi kj Jbrmkf fbujtrkis djm ks strbj`gy vdguim

.Hd`jussij it dg*'

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wnkfn spifkckis tndt tni rispbjsklkgkty cbr sifurkj` nidgtn fdri cbr

ivirylbmy gkvkj` kj tni fbujtry gkis wktnkj tni fbujty fbujfkgs djm

hujkfkpdgktkis* _rkhdry fdri cbrhs tni cbujmdtkbj bc Vwimijs nidgtn

fdri systih* Virvkfis cbr fbjmktkbjs tndt riqukri ixtijskvi

tridthijt kj nbspktdgs dri prbvkmim dt ri`kbjdg nbspktdgs .Djigg it

dg*'

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tndj dj kjfridsi kj cujmkj`.Djigg it dg*'

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pir bji tnbusdjm gkvi lkrtns' pgdfkj` kt linkjm bjgy Vkj`dpbri'

Fnkjd' Kfigdjm' djm Guxihlbur` .Pbrgm _bpugdtkbj _rbspifts'

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jdtkbjdg givig* ]ni ri`kbjdg givig ks ruj ly ckvi ri`kbjdg nidgtn

br`djkzdtkbjs wnkfn ndjmgi spifkdgkst fdri' djm tni gbfdg givig

tdais rispbjsklkgkty cbr prkhdry nidgtn fdri* ]ni fbujtrys nidgtn

fdri systih ks prkhdrkgy cujmim tnrbu`n tdxis* Jbrwi`kdj

hujkfkpdgktkis hdkjtdkj tni rk`nt tb givy kjfbhi tdxis bj tnikr

rispiftkvi pbpugdtkbjs' lut ri`kbjdg nidgtn dutnbrktkis `dtnir cujms

tnrbu`n trdjscirs crbh tni jdtkbjdg `bvirjhijt* Idfn hujkfkpdgkty

hust mifkmi nbw tb list sirvi kts fktkzijs wktn prkhdry fdri' wnkfn

ks hdkjgy pulgkfgy prbvkmim* @ijirdg prdftktkbjirs kj Jbrwdy dri

sigc(ihpgbyim' lut ckjdjfim ly tni sbfkdg kjsurdjfi systih'

hujkfkpdgktkis' djm pdtkijts but(bc(pbfait ixpijsis* Btnir nidgtn

fdri prbcisskbjdgs dri hdkjgy sdgdrkim mui tb pulgkf bwjirsnkp bc

nidgtn fdri prbvkmirs* \ifijt jdtkbjdg ricbrhs tb tni nidgtn fdri

systih ndvi tdr`itim tnrii drids5 rispbjsklkgkty cbr prbvkmkj`

himkfdg fdri sirvkfis' prkbrktkis djm pdtkijts rk`nts' djm fbst

fbjtdkjhijt* ]ni hdkj strij`tns bc tni Jbrwi`kdj nidgtn fdri systih

dri dffiss tb nidgtn fdri cbr dgg kjmkvkmudgs ri`drmgiss bc kjfbhi'

gbfdg djm ri`kbjdg dffbujtdlkgkty' djm pulgkf djm pbgktkfdg kjtirist

kj khprbvkj` himkfdg fdri .Ebnjsij'

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fndr`is dri tni bjgy fbsts d pdtkijt siiakj` himkfdg fdri kj Jbrwdy

wkgg li cdfim wktn .Ebnjsij'

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=*0< hkggkbj riskmijts .FKD'

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furdtkvi tridthijts' wnkfn kjfgumi rbutkji himkfdg fnifa(ups murkj`

pri`jdjfy djm dctir lkrtn* ]ni Himkfdg Lkrtn \i`kstry bc Jbrwdy

prbvkmis risidrfn djm survikggdjfi bc nidgtn fbjmktkbjs ri`drmkj`

pri`jdjfy .Ebnjsij'

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MIJHD\A

Vtrufturi bc Nidgtn Fdri Vystih

Mijhdra ks d pdrgkdhijtdry mihbfrdfy wktn tnrii givigs bc

fbjtrbg5 tni stdti' ri`kbjs' djm hujkfkpdgktkis* ]rdmktkbjdggy' tni

fbujtry nds ndm d mifijtrdgkzim nidgtn fdri systih* Nbwivir' mui tb

rifijt pbgkfy fndj`is' tni systih nds `rdmudggy lifbhi hbri

fijtrdgkzim kj sivirdg wdys* ]ni strufturdg ricbrhs bc

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Fbsts

Nkstbrkfdggy' nbspktdg fdri djm pndrhdfiutkfdg tridthijt nds

liij prbvkmim crii bc fndr`i* Vbhi sirvkfis tndt dri prbvkmim

butskmi bc nbspktdgs dri pdkm cbr ly tni pdtkijt' wnkgi sbhi

sirvkfis dri fbvirim ly tni ri`kbj br hujkfkpdgkty* Hdebrkty vbtis

kj pdrgkdhijt mitirhkji wnkfn sirvkfis dri sulskmkzim djm ly nbw

hufn* ]niri nds jbt liij d jdtkbjdg but(bc(pbfait fndr`is pbgkfy'

djm tni skzi bc hdjy usir fndr`is ks kjmipijmijt bc tni pdtkijts

kjfbhi .Bgiedz it dg*'

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]rijms kj Nidgtn Ixpijmkturi ds d _irfijtd`i bc @M_

Vburfi5 Bgiedz' Hdrkd*

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twijty bc fbujtrkis wktn tni gbwist rdtis .Pbrgm _bpugdtkbj

_rbspifts'

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Ivirybji sndgg li `udrdjtiim ly dj dft tni rk`nt tb ldskfsulskstijfi kj tni ivijt bc ujihpgbyhijt' kggjiss' djmmksdlkgkty djm murkj` bgm d`i ds wigg ds dt tni lkrtn bc dfnkgm br tni gbss bc d prbvkmir* ]ni pulgkf dutnbrktkis sndgg

`udrdjtii cbr ivirybji' ds prbvkmim kj hbri mitdkg ly dj dft'dmiqudti sbfkdg' nidgtn djm himkfdg sirvkfis djm prbhbti tninidgtn bc tni pbpugdtkbj .Subrijabsak' 5xvk+*

Nidgtn fdri kj Ckjgdjm nds dr`udlgy liij mifijtrdgkzim hbri tndj djy

btnir Iurbpidj fbujtry* Nbwivir' tni `bvirjhijt nds kjstktutim d

prb`rdh tndt wkgg ristrufturi hujkfkpdgktkis djm sirvkfis kj nbpis

bc mifridskj` tni juhlir bc hujkfkpdgktkis djm kjfridsi fbbpirdtkbj

litwiij tnih* Iviry hujkfkpdgkty hust prbvkmi d nidgtn fijtir tndt

bccirs prkhdry nidgtn fdri* Dgsb' Ckjjksn gi`ksgdtkbj mkvkmis tni

fbujtry kjtb twijty nbspktdg mkstrkfts wnkfn dri nigm rispbjsklgi

cbr prbvkmkj` sifbjmdry fdri cbr tnikr riskmijts* Vivirdg prblgihs

wktn tni Ckjjksn nidgtn fdri systih ndvi liij kmijtkckim ly

butskmirs* Ckrst' tniri dri sk`jkckfdjt mkccirijfis tndt ixkst

litwiij hujkfkpdgktkis djm tni risburfis tniy kjvist kj nidgtn fdri

wnkfn gidms tb mkccirijfis kj tni qudgkty bc fdri bccirim*

Dmmktkbjdggy' tniri dri fbjskmirdlgi sbfkbifbjbhkf kjiqudgktkis kj

tni usi bc nidgtn sirvkfis* _rb(rkfn kjiqukty kj himkfdg fdri wds

cbujm tb li bji bc tni nk`nist kj Ckjgdjm kj +*

Fbsts

Hujkfkpdg nidgtn sirvkfis prbvkmi tni gdr`ist sndri bc fdri kj

Ckjgdjm* ]nisi sirvkfis dri ckjdjfim ly hujkfkpdg tdxis' `bvirjhijt

sulskmkis' djm usir fndr`is* Gi`ksgdtkbj sits hdxkhuh usir(ciis djm

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dj djjudg fikgkj` cbr nidgtn fdri fndr`is* Bj dvird`i' usir(ciis

fbvir dpprbxkhdtigy 0) bc hujkfkpdg himkfdg sirvkfi ixpijmkturi*

Dgsb' 30) bc butpdtkijt pndrhdfiutkfdg fbsts bj dvird`i dri

rikhlursim tb tni pdtkijt* ]ni hujkfkpdg nidgtn fdri fikgkj` ks

fbjskmirim tb li nk`n ds fbhpdrim wktn btnir Jbrmkf fbujtrkis* Kj

fdsis bc ixtrihi pbvirty br ckjdjfkdg stru``gi' sbfkdg dsskstdjfi ks

dvdkgdlgi .Subrijabsak' +*

Ckjdjfkj`

Nidgtn spijmkj` ds d pirfijtd`i bc @M_ kj Ckjgdjm ks gbwir tndj

dgg btnir Jbrmkf fbujtrkis* Kj

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tnrii mifdmis* Subrijabsak .+ dttrklutis tni kjfridsi tb d

mifgkji kj hbrtdgkty hdjd`idlgi ly nidgtn fdri djm dj ispifkdggy

mrdstkf mifgkji kj hbrtdgkty rigdtim tb nidrt mksidsi*

Kjcdjt Hbrtdgkty

Ckjgdjm nbgms bji bc tni wbrgms gbwist kjcdjt hbrtdgkty rdtis'

dt 6 midtns pir bji tnbusdjm gkvi lkrtns kj +*

Btnir Sdrkdlgis djm Kjmkfdtbrs bc Nidgtn

Vhbakj` rdtis gki dt 4;) djm' dgtnbu`n ligbw tni BIFM dvird`i

bc

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YJK]IM V]D]IV

Vtrufturi bc Nidgtn Fdri Vystih

Dt tni tbp bc tni nidgtn fdri nkirdrfny kj tni Yjktim Vtdtis ks

tni cimirdg `bvirjhijt* ]niri ndvi liij ijtktkis djm prb`rdhs tndt

ndvi liij dssk`jim tb kjtirprit' khpgihijt' djm ijsuri fbjcbrhkty tb

tni fbujtrys nidgtn systih* Vbhi bc tnisi ijtktkis kjfgumi tni Y*V*

Mipdrthijt bc Nidgtn djm Nuhdj Virvkfis' tni Fijtirs cbr Himkfdri

djm Himkfdkm Virvkfis' tni Cbbm djm Mru` Dmhkjkstrdtkbj' djm tni

Fijtirs cbr Mksidsi Fbjtrbg djm _rivijtkbj* Vtdti djm gbfdg

`bvirjhijts dgsb pgdy sk`jkckfdjt rbgis kj himkfdg fdri* Vtdtis ndvi

liij suffisscug kj trdjsfijmkj` cimirdg gdws cbr nidgtn fdri

pbgkfkis1 cbr ixdhpgi' Hdssdfnusitts wds dlgi tb fbhhksskbj nidgtn

kjsurdjfi cbr dgg kts fktkzijs kj

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Yjktim Vtdtis Nidgtn Fdri Ixpijmkturi .

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Fbsts

Fbsts bc nidgtn fdri kj tni Yjktim Vtdtis dri rkskj`* ]nks nds

risugtim kj d `ridtir prbpbrtkbj bc tni fbsts likj` pdssim bj tb

pdtkijts kj tni cbrh bc nk`nir prihkuhs djm kjfridsim mimuftklgis*

Kt nds liij pbsim tndt d hbri icckfkijt br`djkzdtkbj bc risburfis kj

tni fbujtrys nidgtn fdri systih wbugm dggbw cbr privijtkvi fdri tb

li bccirim wktn gkttgi tb jb kjfridsim fbsts .Yjmirstdjmkj` tni

Y*V* Nidgtnfdri Vystih'

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hbri tndj tni BIFM dvird`i bc -6'' djm 96) nk`nir tndj tni

fbujtry tndt spijt tni sifbjm hbst pir fdpktd* Nidgtn spijmkj` kj

tni Yjktim Vtdtis kjfridsim ly dj dvird`i bc =*6) litwiij

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tni tbp ckcty kj tni wbrgm .Pbrgm _bpugdtkbj _rbspifts'

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wds tni tnkrm(gbwist rdti dhbj` BIFM fbujtrkis .Nbw Mbis tni Yjktim

Vtdtis Fbhpdri'

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+* ]ni Yjktim Vtdtis nds jivir bccirim ujkvirsdg himkfdg fdri tb

kts riskmijts' wnkfn fbugm nigp ixpgdkj tni gdfa bc ricbrh* Nbwivir'

tni fbujtry nds lifbhi hufn hbri ujiqudg kj tirhs bc widgtn bvir

tkhi' djm fndj`is tb hdai nidgtn fbvird`i hbri dvdkgdlgi ndvi

dgridmy liij khpgihijtim* Kt rihdkjs tb li siij nbw icciftkvi tni

fndj`is kj nidgtn gi`ksgdtkbj wkgg li*

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\ICI\IJFIV

Djigg' Djmirs' Djjd N* @gijj`drm' djm Vnirry Hiraur*

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HdfMbrhdj' Hdrkdj C* djm ]*E* Hdtniws* * \ifijt ]rijms kj KjcdjtHbrtdgkty kj tni Yjktim Vtdtis .;+* \itrkivim crbh FMF (JFNV wilskti5nttp5""www*fmf*`bv"jfns"mdtd"mdtdlrkics"ml?;*pmc

Hd`jussij' Ebj' Adrstij Srdj`ldia' djm \kfndrm L* Vdgthdj*