Health and Safety

Alison Cleary, Chris Dimitriadis

Safety Issues: Birth-2 years

• Have items that pass safety standards1. Buy from credible brands2. Check items before giving to children3. Check for recalls

• Keep children from suffocating1. Remove blankets and mobiles from cribs2. Keep all bags stored out of reach3. Don’t use sleep positioners and bed barriers

• Children may fall down the stairs1. Do not use baby walkers2. Use child barriers on stair cases3. Supervise children while playing

• Keep children from falling1. Put barriers on changing tables2. Keep strapped in high chairs3. Cribs need proper cribs with barriers

• Drowning1. Supervise children in tubs2. Put fences around pools and spas3. Supervise children when playing near any water

Safety Issues: 3-5 years• Children can easily fall1. Do not use bunk beds2. Lock all windows3. Keep barriers at top of stairs

• Poisoning1. Keep chemicals out of reach2. Lock cabinets3. Supervise children when playing

• Electrocution1. Cover all outlets2. Supervise children when near appliances3. Keep children away from electric fences

• Burns1. Put barriers between fireplaces and heaters2. Keep children away from oven3. Keep lighters and matches out of reach

• Choking1. Cut food into small pieces2. Plan child-friendly meals3. Supervise children during meals

Top 5 Choking Hazards

1. Peanuts2. Raw Veggies3. Sausage-shaped food4. Cheese cubes5. Marbles or balls

First Aid•Bruises: Apply a cold pack.•Cuts: Clean wound with soap and water, cover with bandage or gauze.•Falls(fracture or sprain) Activate EMS if severe, until arrival keep patient comfortable and still. Treat all external bleeding or bruises if any.•Shock: Activate EMS, keep child comfortable and warm, calm them down as much as possible.•Allergic reaction: Give medications or epi-pen immediately.•Lice: Must use special shampoo, heat all affected items (boil or put in dryer).•Knocked out tooth: Stop bleeding with gauze, if child is older, try to save the tooth in milk, place back in socket or take to a dentist.•Choking: Do the Heimlich ( or back blows for younger children ), Perform CPR •Bee Sting: Remove Stinger, apply ice pack, give antihistamine if dr approves, give ibuprofen for pain• First Degree: burns top layer of skin, causes redness and mild swellingTreatment: run burn under cold water• Second Degree: damage underlying layers of skin, cause blisters• Third Degree: destroy skin layers and nerve endings Treatment for second & third degree burns: Call EMS immediately

•Poisoning: Look at label of whatever was ingested for directions, call poison control: 1-800-222-1222

Immunizations Birth-9 years

Birth– 4 Months:• Hepatitis B• DTaP-(Diphtheria, tetanus and

Pertussis)• HiB- (pneumonia)• Polio• Pneumococcal Conjugate• Rotavirus6-12 Months:• Influenza• HiB- (pneumonia)• Pneumococcal Conjugate• MMR- (measles) • Varicella12-24 Months:• Hepatitis B• DTaP- (Diphtheria, tetanus and

Pertussis)• Hepatitis A

4-6 Years:• DTaP- (Diphtheria, tetanus and

Pertussis)• Polio• MMR- (measles) • Varicella7-9 Years:• Hepatitis A• DTaP• Polio• Measles• Chickenpox• Flu

SymptomsHepatitis A- fatigue, loss of appetite, Muscle ache, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and cold symptomsHepatitis B- Fever, Abdominal Pain, JaundiceDiphtheria- Chills, barking cough, bluish skin, drainage from the nose, breathing problemsTetanus-painful muscle stiffness, seizures, fever, sweating, fast heart ratePertussis- Runny nose, slight fever, diarrhea, choking spellPolio- Muscle and joint weakness, fatigue, breathing problems, decreased tolerance to coldPneumococcal Meningitis- fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, sensitivity to light, stiff neckRotavirus- vomiting, fever, diarrheaInfluenza-fever, headache, fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, body achePneumonia- Low fever, chills, muscle ache, fatigue, chest pain, sore throat, coughingMeasles- Fever, dry cough , runny nose, inflamed eyes, sensitivity to light, skin rashChickenpox- Loss of appetite, headache, sore throat, fever, swollen spots that turn into blisters

Fire Evacuation Procedures• Make basic plan in case of fire• Install smoke alarms in every sleeping room and on every level of the

home• Choose an outside meeting place• Make sure street number is clearly visible from the road• Memorize emergency phone numbers• Have a plan to assist those who are unable to help themselves• Practice plan often• Make sure you have the safest possible way out• Never go back inside once you are out of the house

Important Numbers

• Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222• Fire Department & Police Emergency: 911• Police Non-Emergency: 301-600-2100• Fire Non Emergency: 301-600-1536• Emergency Room: 301-698-8374