HDR, 4K, and Beyond - We are SMPTE | Society of Motion ... · HDR, 4K, and Beyond Molly Hill, Applications Engineer, Dolby Laboratories Your Host Joel E. Welch Director of Education

© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org

SMPTE®

Enabling Global Education

SMPTE Technology Essentials Series WebcastSMPTE – Enabling Global Education

HDR, 4K, and BeyondMolly Hill, Applications Engineer, Dolby Laboratories

Your Host

Joel E. Welch

Director of EducationSMPTE



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About Me

• Dolby Laboratories• Global Home Content Production

• Professional Applications Engineering

• Rochester Institute of Technology ’18• BS Motion Picture Science

• BFA Film and Animation (Live Action Focus)

• Theses on Color Grading and HDR Tone Mapping

• Internship Experience

6© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org


SMPTE®


Alphabet Soup of Filmmaking


Basic Terms

• High Resolution• Number of pixels in an image

• Wide Color Gamut• Wider-than-standard range of colors available

• High Dynamic Range• Higher contrast images either for capture or display



SMPTE®


Independent Variables

Color Space Color Gamut White Point Resolution EOTF Bit depth Metadata

RGB BT. 709 D55 360p Linear 8 bit None

Y’CbCr P3 D60 HD Log 12 bit HDR 10/10+

XYZ BT. 2020 D65 4K PQ 16 bit Dolby Vision


Wide Color Gamut


• Gamut definitions

• Artistic implications

• Pairing with HDR


SMPTE®


Wide Color Gamut


Wide Color Gamut

• P3 vs 2020• Cinema vs TV availability

• Standards – BT. 2020 and BT. 2100

• “P3 in a Rec 2020 container”• Future-proofs content

• 2020 clamped to P3 container



SMPTE®


High Resolution


4K, 8K, 12K, oh my

• Cinema 4K vs TV 4K

• Bigger rather than better images

• What you need• Storage

• Processing power

• Proxies

• Infrastructure

• Is it worth it? Cinema vs home



SMPTE®


8K+ - Is it worth it?


High Dynamic Range (HDR)



SMPTE®



• HDR• Better rather than

bigger images

• Min and max

• EOTF

• Bit depth

• SDR

• BT. 2100





SMPTE®


Perceptual Quantizer (PQ)

• Science time!

• SMPTE ST. 2084

• Barten curve

• More efficient use of bits

• Proposed by Dolby


Nits PQ

0.0001 0.00166719

0.005 0.0150764

100 0.508078

600 0.696294

1000 0.751827

2000 0.827425

4000 0.902572

Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG)

• Designed for broadcast

• Proposed by BBC/NHK

• Backwards-compatible signal



SMPTE®


Considerations for Production+

• Shooting concerns

• Production Gap

• Other gaps• Dailies

• Editing

• VFX

• Planning for display


Displays

Peak Brightness

• Cinema – 48 - 108 nits

• TV’s – up to 600-700 nits

Minimum

• X300 down to 0.005

• Theoretically 0 but light pollution present



SMPTE®


Considerations for Grading

• Balance between realism and story

• Diffuse white point

• VFX matte errors

• Unforgiving precision

• HDR-SDR side-by-side


PC: Sean Scannell

Considerations for Workflow (cont’d)

• Bit depth

• Storage

• Monitors



SMPTE®





• Systems

• Distribution• HEVC

• Workflow Options



SMPTE®


Considerations for Workflow (con’td)


Grading Workflow Options

• HDR first• SDR can be derived

• SDR first• Limited mapping to HDR

• Grading both• Expensive and

time consuming!



SMPTE®


Tone Mapping


• Recommended workflow

• Luminance AND color

• Lots of options• Dolby Vision• HDR 10/10+• Technicolor ITM• Colorfront Engine• AJA FS-HDR• b<>com• 3D-LUTs

• SDR to HDR?

HDR10

• What it is• Open standard

• Rec 2020

• 10 bit, PQ

• Static metadata• SMPTE ST. 2086

• MaxFALL

• MaxCLL


PC: John Hill


SMPTE®


HDR 10+

• Dynamic metadata

• SMPTE 2094-40

• Accessibility• Royalty free

• Certification Program

• Proponents• HDR10+ Alliance

• Amazon Video

• UHD Bluray

• Warner Bros/Universal


HDR 10+ Metadata Set

• Time Intervals

• Processing Window

• Targeted System Display

• Color Transform• Maximum Scene Color Component Levels (Max SCL)• Average Max RGB• Distribution Max RGB• Fraction Bright Pixels• Optional:

• Mastering Display Actual Peak Luminance

• Bezier Curve Tone Mapper

• Color Saturation Weight



SMPTE®


HDR 10/10+ Consumer Devices


Dolby Vision Overview



SMPTE®



• SMPTE 2086 and 2094-10

• PQ, 12 bit, P3 or BT 2020

• Dynamic metadata• Shot-based or frame-based

• Live available as well

• Proprietary technology

• Going beyond RGB





SMPTE®


Dolby Vision Metadata Levels

• Level 0 – General Information• Mastering Display, Color Encoding, Custom display info (4.0 only), etc.

• Level 1 – Analysis – mid, min, and max

• Level 2 – Trims:• Lift, Gamma, Gain

• Chroma Weight, Saturation, Tone Detail

• Level 3 – Offset for 4.0

• Level 5 – Per-shot Letterbox

• Level 8 – CM v.4.0 trims

• Level 9 – Color Encoding (4.0 only)


Dolby Vision Content Mapping Unit


External CMU (eCMU) Internal CMU (iCMU)

Requires purchase of separate hardware box Integrated into post-production software

Always requires a Dolby license Only trims require a Dolby license

Switch between SDI output and HDMI tunneling Mostly SDI only, some HDMI tunneling

Currently 2.9 only 2.9 and 4.0

Broader range of software Limited range of software


SMPTE®


Dolby Vision CM Algorithm Versions


2.9 4.0

Basic analysis and mapping algorithm More advanced analysis and mapping

HDMI tunneling and eCMU support No HDMI tunneling or eCMU support yet

6 basic trims 6 basic trims plus two bonus sets of six-vector trims (hue and saturation), and global offset

Broader range of software Limited range of software

No custom display support Custom display support

Not forwards compatible Backwards compatible

Dolby Vision Deliverables



SMPTE®


Dolby Vision Accessibility

• Software requires certification

• Licensing process

• Systems available

• Users don’t need certification

• Various encoding profiles


HDR Availability



SMPTE®


HDR Availability


HDR Availability



SMPTE®


HDR Availability


SMPTE Technology Essentials Webcast SeriesSMPTE – Enabling Global Education

Thank you for watching!



SMPTE®


Questions

• Molly Hill


SMPTE Technology Essentials Series WebcastSMPTE – Enabling Global Education

HDR, 4K, and BeyondMolly Hill, Applications Engineer, Dolby Laboratories

Documents

HDR, 4K, and Beyond - We are SMPTE | Society of Motion ... · HDR, 4K, and Beyond Molly Hill, Applications Engineer, Dolby Laboratories Your Host Joel E. Welch Director of Education