HDCP

• HDCP

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HDMI 1.4 - Content protection (HDCP)

1 High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) is a newer form of

Digital Rights Management. Intel created the original technology to

make sure that digital content followed the guidelines set by the Digital Content Protection group.



1 HDCP allows for up to 127 devices to be connected, with up to 7 levels,

using a combination of sources, sinks and repeaters



1 Devices called HDCP strippers can remove the HDCP information from the video signal so the video can

play on non-HDCP-compliant displays, though a fair use and non-

disclosure form must usually be signed with a registering agency

before use.


High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection - HDCP v2.x

1 This means that HDCPv2 is only applicable to new

technologies


High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection - HDCP v2.x

1 HDCP 2.x features a new authentication protocol, and a

locality check to ensure the receiver is relatively close (it must respond to the locality check within 20 ms on a normal (DVI/HDMI link ). Version 2.1

of the specification was recently cryptanalyzed and found to have

several flaws, including the ability to recover the session key.


HDCP

1 'High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection' ('HDCP'), is a form of digital copy protection

developed by Intel|Intel Corporation to prevent copying of digital audio and video content as it travels across connections. Types of connections include DisplayPort

(DP), Digital Visual Interface (DVI), and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), as

well as less popular, or now defunct, protocols like Gigabit Video Interface (GVIF)

and Unified Display Interface (UDI).


HDCP

1 The system is meant to stop HDCP-encrypted content from being played on

unauthorized devices or devices which have been modified to copy HDCP content.HDCP

specification 1.3. Page 31 0x15, Page 35 080509 hddvd-faq.com Before sending

data, a transmitting device checks that the receiver is authorized to receive it. If so, the

transmitter encrypts the data to prevent eavesdropping as it flows to the receiver.


HDCP

1 For example, the device cannot be designed to copy; it must frustrate

attempts to defeat the content protection requirements; it must not

transmit high definition protected video to non-HDCP receivers; and DVD-Audio material can be played only at Compact

Disc|CD-audio quality by non-HDCP digital audio outputs (analog audio

outputs have no quality limits).


HDCP

1 [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/09/intel-threatens-consumers/ Intel Threatens to Sue Anyone Who

Uses HDCP Crack].


HDCP - Specification

1 Each HDCP-capable device has a unique set of 40 56-bit keys. Failure

to keep them secret violates the license agreement. For each set of values, a special public key called a

Key selection vector|KSV (Key Selection Vector) is created. Each KSV consists of 40 bits (one bit for

each HDCP key), with 20 bits set to 0 and 20 bits set to 1.


HDCP - Specification

1 Encryption is done by a stream cipher. Each decoded pixel is

encrypted by applying an Exclusive or|XOR operation with a 24-bit

number produced by a generator. The HDCP specifications ensure

constant updating of keys after each encoded frame.


HDCP - Uses

1 ;Source: The source sends the content to be displayed. Examples

include set-top boxes, DVD, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc players, and

computer video cards. A source has only an HDCP/HDMI transmitter.


HDCP - Uses

1 ;Sink: The sink renders the content for display so it can be viewed.

Examples include TVs and digital projectors. A sink has one or more

HDCP/HDMI receivers.


HDCP - Uses

1 Each device may contain one or more HDCP transmitters and/or receivers. (A single transmitter or receiver chip may combine HDCP and HDMI functionality.)(2008, July). HDCP deciphered: white

paper. Retrieved July 22, 2008, from DCP, LLC. Web site: http://www.digital-

cp.com/files/documents/04A897FD-FEF1-0EEE-CDBB649127F79525/

HDCP_deciphered_070808.pdf


HDCP - Uses

1 HDCP bans compliant products from converting HDCP-restricted content

to full-resolution analog form, presumably in an attempt to reduce

the size of the analog hole.


HDCP - Uses

1 On January 19, 2005, the European Information, Communications, and Consumer Electronics Technology

Industry Associations (EICTA) announced that HDCP is a required

component of the European HD ready label.


HDCP - Uses

1 Microsoft Windows Vista and Windows 7 both use HDCP in computer graphics cards and

monitors.[http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/media/output_protect.m

spx Output Content Protection and Windows

Vista][http://www.engadget.com/entry/1234000143050582/ The Clicker:

Microsoft's OPM for the masses - Engadget]


HDCP - Circumvention

1 HDCP strippers remove HDCP information from the video signal in order to allow the data to flow freely to a non-HDCP display. It is currently unclear whether such devices would remain working if the HDCP licensing

body issued key-revocation lists, which may be installed via new

media (e.g. newer Blu-ray Discs) played-back by another device (e.g. a Blu-ray Disc player) connected to

it.


HDCP - Cryptanalysis

1 The authors concluded that HDCP's linear key exchange is a fundamental

weakness, and discussed ways to:



1 Around the same time, Niels Ferguson independently claimed to have broken the HDCP scheme, but

he did not publish his research, citing legal concerns arising from the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act.Niels Ferguson,



1 In November 2011 Professor Tim Güneysu of Ruhr-Universität Bochum revealed he had broken the HDCP 1.3

encryption standard.[http://news.techeye.net/security/intels-hdcp-gets-cracked Intel's HDCP gets cracked - German boffin says encryption flawed | TechEye]


HDCP - Master key release

1 On September 16, Intel confirmed that the code had been cracked.

[http://www.tomshardware.com/news/hdcp-master-key-copy-

protection,11311.html Intel Confirms That HDCP Master Key is Cracked] Intel has threatened legal action

against anyone producing hardware to circumvent the HDCP, possibly

under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.


HDCP - Problems

1 HDCP devices can create multiple keys, allowing each screen to operate, but the number varies from device to device; e.g., a Dish

or Sky satellite receiver can generate 16 keys.http://www.crestron.com/downloads/pdf/misc/third_party_hdc

p_limits.pdf The technology sometimes causes handshaking problems where devices cannot establish a connection, especially

with older high-definition displays.[http://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/technology_news/4212233.html PS3 Blinking Mystery Deepens—Westinghouse:

Our TVs Not the Problem - Popular Mechanics][http://www.avrev.com/news/1105/10.hdcp.html HDCP

Handshake A Big Problem For Many Legacy DVI-Based HDTVs][http://www.eetimes.com/design/communications-design/4013366

/HDMI-DVI-HDCP-handshake-problems--how-to-avoid-them EETimes | HDMI/DVI HDCP handshake problems how to avoid

them]


HDCP - Problems

1 Edward Felten wrote the main practical effect of HDCP has been to create one more way in which your electronics could fail to work properly with your TV, and concluded in the aftermath of the master key fiasco

that HDCP has been less a security system than a tool for shaping the consumer

electronics market.[http://www.freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/felten/understanding-hdcp-master-key-leak Understanding the HDCP

Master Key Leak]https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

HDCP - Problems

1 There is also the problem that all Apple laptop products, presumably to reduce switch

time, when confronted with an HDCP compliant device switches all output from the

DVI / Mini DisplayPort / Thunderbolt connector port to HDCP compliant. This is a problem if you wish to record or use video

conferencing facilities further down the chain, which are inherently forbidden by HDCP. This

applies even if the output is not HDCP material, like a PowerPoint presentation.


HDCP - HDCP v2.x

1 This means that HDCPv2 is only

applicable to new technologies


HDCP Repeater bit

1 The 'HDCP repeater bit' is a part of the High-bandwidth Digital

Content Protection specification and applies to intermediate devices (HDCP Repeaters) between the

Source device and the Presentation device. For example a Blu-ray connected by HDMI to an AV

Receiver which in turn connected to a TV using HDMI makes the AV

Receiver an HDCP Repeater.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

HDCP Repeater bit - Details

1 In order to avoid this redundant reset cycles on the connections, which has annoying user-experience, HDCP v1.x

allows devices that are potentially Repeater to set the REPEATER all the

time, even when no downstream devices are connected (e.g



1 In HDCP v2.x that smart has been lost and the Repeater must not keep the REPEATER flag set once it has no

downstream devices.



1 HDCP Repeater. An HDCP device that can receive and decrypt HDCP content through one or more of its HDCP-protected interface ports, and can also re-encrypt and emit said

HDCP content through one or more of its HDCP-protected interface ports, is referred to as an HDCP repeater. An HDCP repeater may also be referred to as either an HDCP receiver

or an HDCP transmitter when referring to either the upstream side or the downstream

side, respectively.


HDCP Repeater bit - Issues with REPEATER

1 Some HDCPv1.x devices (usually old) may not agree to work with Repeater

that has REPEATER=TRUE but not downstream devices (DEVICE_COUNT=0).


DVB-CPCM - HDCP and DTCP-IP

1 High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection|HDCP protects a single wire connection, typically Digital

Visual Interface|DVI or High-Definition Multimedia Interface|HDMI.

CPCM is network independent and can be used on LAN, WiFi, and in

theory even on IEEE 1394 Firewire links.



1 DTCP-IP is a link protection system similar to HDCP, but operates over a LAN or WLAN

connection.



1 Both HDCP and DTCP-IP are link protection render and toss

technologies that generally prohibit the receiving device from recording or redistributing the content. Also,

both are designed to prevent connection of devices that are not in close proximity to one another. CPCM

by contrast can allow for recording and/or remote access depending on the specific rights granted with the

content.


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HDCP