Haze problems Indonesia-malaysia-singapore

8/9/2019 Haze problems Indonesia-malaysia-singapore

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COVERAGE FRAMING HAZE ON ONLINE MEDIA SELECTED

IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE

Junaidi1

Lancang Kuning University Pekanbaru-Indonesia

email: drjunaidi@yahoo com ! Phone: "#$%1$'''()! #$ )*)*#

+his study e,amines the ay selected online media in Indonesia! .alaysia! and /inga0ore raming theha2e ne s re0orts in Indonesia hich s0reads across border to .alaysia and /inga0ore +he ne s

ere taken rom Kompas.com ! Utusan Malaysia Online ! and The Straits Times.com in June $'1*during the ha2e ha00ening +he ne s as e,amined using raming model analysis by 3obert .4ntman +he elements discussed in this model ere5 problem identification ! causal interpretation !

moral evaluation ! and treatment recommendation +he indings sho ed the media rom Indonesia!.alaysia! and /inga0ore doing the raming analysis in di erent ays .edia rom Indonesia mainly

ramed rom the as0ects o 5 ha2e causation hich is natural actors rather than human actors! theinvolvement o .alaysian and /inga0ore com0anies in the cause o ires! also the needs or a0ologi2e

rom Indonesian government to .alaysia and /inga0ore 6hile the .alaysian media ramed on theobjections on the ne s ho blame their com0any as the reasons on the ires and also ramed that.alaysia as o ering hel0 to Indonesia .ean hile! /inga0ore media ramed the 0ressure rom/inga0ore to Indonesian government in order to solve the ha2e immediately It also ramed that ires

as caused by Indonesian 0eo0le themselves and ramed about /inga0ore o ering hel0 to solve theha2e issues +he raming em0loy by the media rom Indonesian! .alaysian and /inga0ore on the ha2e

0roblems tend to de end on the interests o their o n country +he ne s clearly dis0lay that each o the media attem0ts to sho a 0ositive image o their country! and save their ace by blaming others7o ever the media rom Indonesia! .alaysia! and /inga0ore agreed to recommend a jointcoo0eration among the countries to solve the ha2e 0roblem together

Keywords: Ha e, !ews, "ra#$!%

I!&rod'(&$o!

Indonesia as bordered ith .alaysia and /inga0ore +he relation bet een Indonesia and .alaysia!

and bet een Indonesia and /inga0ore ere built nicely 8ertain issues hich have arise so ar could

be solved 0eace ully 9ne o the crucial issues involving Indonesia - .alaysia and Indonesia -

/inga0ore is about the ha2e .oreover! the relationshi0 bet een Indonesia and .alaysia in several

issues caused disharmonies among these nations! such as5 orders issues on .alaysia success ully

on the islands o /i0adan and Ligitan! Indonesian orkers in .alaysia! illegal logging! the claim on

Indonesian culture by .alaysia! and the ha2e rom Indonesian .ean hile! Indonesia and /inga0ore

relationshi0 as o ten disturbing by the border issue in the /trait o .alacca! criminals and corru0tors

rom Indonesia hide in /inga0ore! and the ha2e hich s0reads into /inga0ore

1 Universitas Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru-Indonesia 4mail: drjunaidi@yahoo com ! Phone: "#$%1$'''()! #$ )*)*#
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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+he ha2e issue rom orest ire in Indonesia;s regions! es0ecially in 3iau Province! seems a00ears

every year 4ven though! various ays have been used to resolve the ha2e but the ires continuously

ha00en +he situation becomes orse i the rain didn;t all or a long time overnment o .alaysia and /inga0ore stand their right to de end the citi2ens rom

the ha2e hich causes 0otential harm ul or the citi2ens; li e es0ecially on their health matter

+he ha2e issue becomes more com0le, because it involves inter- state interests 6henever! the

situation getting orst .alaysia and /inga0ore 0rotested by sending o icial notice to Indonesia

government to take 0recautions on the issue or o ering hel0 to solve the ha2e in Indonesia +hen

Indonesian government re0ly ith a statement that Indonesia already doing many acts to solve the

0roblems and the government di0lomatically rejected the o ering rom their neighbors +he reason o

the rejection is certainly because o the sovereignty and the 0ride as inde0endent that can handle their

o n domestic a airs! so Indonesia does not need hel0 rom other countries 7o ever! or a

di0lomatic reason among countries! the Indonesian government ormally a0ologi2ed to .alaysia and

/inga0ore over the s0read o ha2e rom Indonesia +his 0henomenon has been a huge debate among

Indonesians In one side! they argued that Indonesia has to a0ologi2e to .alaysia and /inga0ore since

the ha2e came rom Indonesia and it has been disturbing the 0eo0le in both countries 9n the other

side! some 0eo0le stated that Indonesia does not need to a0ologi2e to their neighbors because it ill

decrease the Indonesian nation;s sel esteem in ront them ?et! some 0eo0le e,tremely said that the

ires caused by the burning o the orests by .alaysian and /inga0orean 0alm oil com0anies so

.alaysian and /inga0orean should elt then same

+he com0le,ity o the ha2e 0roblems involving Indonesia-.alaysia and Indonesia - /inga0ore

became more interesting hen the ne s a00eared and the media rom each countries tend to de end

the interests o its o n and blame other +he reality o ha2e issues hich involving inter-state

relations ere ramed di erently by the media rom these three countries +here ore! the aims o thisstudy tries to e,amine ho the ha2e ne s raming on media in Indonesia! .alaysia! and /inga0ore


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+he 0ublished ne s o the ha2e issue has been ramed by media through certain 0rocess In short!

media have built their o n 0erce0tions about the issue itlin stated A rames are 0rinci0les o selection!

em0hasis ! and 0resentation com0osed o little tacit theories about hat e,ist ! hat ha00ens ! and

hat matters * A +he t o main things that are in the 0rocess o raming are selection and salience B

+hat is hy the media do the screening o the acts or reality and then give 0rominence to certain

as0ects or 0arts Protrusion on a 0articular 0art aims to em0hasi2e that the section more easily

acce0ted by the reader )

In the raming! media do an election against a 0erceived reality and make it a00ear more 0rominent

than other as0ects through de ining the 0roblem! determining the cause o the 0roblem! doing moralevaluation! and recommending to the e,0lained issues raming is also related ith media rames o

re erence! conte,t! theme! and a ne angle # urthermore! the raming is seen as APlacing in ormation

in a uniCue conte,t so that certain elements o the issue get a greater allocation o an individual =s

cognitive resources & A

+he research data ere taken rom the ne s about the ha2e in three online media rom three countries!

namely Kom0as com DIndonesiaE! Utusan .alaysia 9nline D.alaysiaE! +he /traits+imes com

D/inga0oreE +he selected ne s 0ublished in June $'1*! just in time hen the ha2e 0roblem arises in

Indonesia! .alaysia and /inga0ore +he research took three selected ne s rom each media hich

means nine ne s ere e,amine in this research rame analysis methods em0loy to observe ne s

raming by the media in these three countries +he analysis model used is the model 0ro0osed by

3obert . 4ntman % +he elements discussed in this model are 0roblem identi ication! causal

inter0retation! moral evaluation! and treatment recommendation 3obert . 4ntman models had been

chosen ith consideration o 3obert . 4ntman as recogni2ed e,0ert ho laid the oundation or

the study o media rame analysis (

Resear() F$!d$!%s a!d A!a*ys$s2 .cFuail! Genis! H McQuails Mass Communication Theory ! DLondon: Publication Ltd! $'''E! hlm *B*3 +odd >itlin! H The Whole World is Wachin ! Mass Media in the Ma"in and Unma"in of the #e$ %eft Dcali ornia: University o 8ali ornia Press! 1(%'E! hlm #4 3obert . 4ntman ! H &ramin ! To$ard Clarification of a &ractured paradi m'( Journal o 8ommunication

ol B* o B! 1((*! hlm )1-%!5 3obert . 4ntman! H &ramin US Covera e of )nternastional #e$s! Contrast in #arrative of the K*% and

)ran *ir )ncident' Journal o 8ommunication! ol B1 o B! 1((1! hlm &6 3obert 4ntman: +&ramin ! To$ard Clarification of a &ractured ,aradi m ! Journal o 8ommunication!

ol B*! o B! 1((*! hlm )1-% !7 hongdang Pan dan >erald . Kosicki H &ramin *nalysis! *n *pproach to #e$s -iscourse' Political8ommunication ol 1' o 1! 1((*! hlm ))-&)8

3obert 4ntman: +&ramin ! To$ard Clarification of a &ractured ,aradi m ! dalam Journal o8ommunication! ol B*! o B!1((*! hlm )1-9 4riyanto! H *nalisis &ramin ! Konstru"si )deolo i( dan ,oliti" Media ! D?ogyakarta: Lki/! $'1$E! hlm &)


4/10

A+ News Fra#$!% o" Kompas.comKom0as com ne s hich ere studied are! M+his is ho the 3iau ha2e invading to /inga0ore

DK1E! olkar su00orts / ?

a0ologi2es to /inga0ore and .alaysia DK*E; In the main rame K1 is a ha2e 0roblem arising in

Indonesia and s0read to .alaysia and /inga0ore due to natural actors In this ne s clearly stated that

the ha2e caused by natural actors! hich is Indonesia=s eather anomalies that cause the ind

direction changed rom normal< change in ind direction also causes the ha2e rom orest ires in Indonesia to .alaysia and

/inga0ore region +o strengthen the act! the statement o the ational olkar 0arty is included in the coalition 0arties in

the government ! so it is natural or >olkar to de end the 0resident Precisely! 6ithin the analysis in

this ne s! revealed the 0resence o disharmony bet een the statement o the .inister o 4nvironmento Indonesia ith the President President rebuke the minister or being reckless by stating there are


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eight .ayasian and /inga0orean Palm com0anies sus0ected caused the ires +he ministerial

statement is considered to disru0t bilateral relations bet een Indonesia and .alaysia ! also Indonesia

and /inga0ore

Ta e* -: R$!%.asa! Pe# $!%.a$a! /er$&a Ko#0as+(o#

No News Head*$!e E*e#e!&sPro *e#

Ide!&$"$(a&$o!Ca'sa*

I!&er0re&a&$o!Mora*

E1a*'a&$o!Treae!&

Re(o##e!da&$o!1 +his is ho

the 3iau ha2einvading/inga0ore D$1JuneE

+he ha2e isconsidered as aresult o nature

0henomena nothuman actor

+he eatheranomaly is thecause o the ha2ematter

Indonesia hasdone a goodaction toovercome theha2e 0henomenon

3esolving the orestires has been done

by Indonesiangovernment

$ olkarsu00orts / ?a0ologi2es to/inga0ore and.alaysia D$)JuneE

+he Indonesia;s 0resident a0ology isconsidered as aright decision

Indonesia has to be res0onsible orthe ha2es0reading intoneighboringcountries

+he Indonesia;sPresident hasdone a rightaction yet! the4nvironmental.inister as

rong

+here should be ahonest statementamong thecountries;government toantici0ate thecon lict

/+ News Fra#$!% o" 2&'sa! Ma*ays$a O!*$!e+he three ne s o Utusan .alaysia 9nline ere e,amine including: +he +7 Plantation does

not involved DU1E! .alaysia - Indonesia agreed to solve the ha2e 0roblem DU$E! and +he three

countries talk about the ha2e issues DU*E +he main rame is dis0layed in U1 rejection o .alaysia on

the .alaysian com0any involvement in the burning o orests in Indonesia


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Indonesia .alaysia ho0es Indonesia sho ing a00reciation by acce0ting the o er in order to

overcome this 0roblem to not getting orse e s U* 0er orm rame sho s the coo0eration o three countries! namely Indonesia!

.alaysia ! and /inga0ore in tackling the ha2e 0roblem that 0lagued all three countries .alaysia has

claimed the need or coo0eration initiated by three countries In this ne s is not con irmed that thecause o the occurrence o smog over because discuss this ne s on the com0letion o a coo0erative

e ort involving smog three countries +he ha2e issue cannot be resolved solely by the Indonesian

though the ha2e caused by orest ires in Indonesia +he issue has become a huge matter bet een

countries because the ha2e has s0read to areas o .alaysia and /inga0ore 7ence! in this ne s! it is

suggested to make an agreement about the handling o the ha2e that involves three countries

Ta e* 3: R$!%.asa! Pe# $!%.a$a! /er$&a 2&'sa! O!*$!e

No News Head*$!e E*e#e!&sPro *e#

Ide!&$"$(a&$o!Ca'sa*

I!&er0re&a&$o!Mora* E1a*'a&$o! Treae!&

Re(o##e!da&$o!1 +he +7

Plantationdoes notinvolved D$%JuneE

.alaysiancom0anies ereaccused as thecause o orest

ire hich rising

the ha2e 0henomena inIndonesia

Indonesian 0eo0leis the main causeo the ha2e

+he .alaysiancom0anies havedone a goodmanagement in

0alm oil 0lantation

and the accusationas the main cause o the ha2e is rong

+he .alaysiancom0anies are stillconsistent to o0en ane land or 0almoil 0lantations

$ .alaysia -Indonesiaagreed to solvethe ha2e

0roblem D$&JuneE

.alaysia is readyto hel0Indonesians toovercome theha2e

+he ha2e iscaused byIndonesian 0eo0lenot .alaysiancom0anies

.alaysia has donea right action and

ork together toovercome the ha2e!the accusation asthe main cause othe ha2e is rong

+here should be acor0oration andIndonesia as

illing to receive.alaysia;s hand

* +he threecountries talkabout the ha2eissues D*' JuneE

.alaysia initiatedthe resolving othe ha2e 0roblem

ith Indonesiaand /inga0ore

It is not clear yetthe side hichcauses the ha2e

.alaysia has sho na good 0artici0ation +here should be anagreement amongIndonesia!.alaysia! and/inga0ore inresolving the ha2e

C+ News Fra#$!% o" T)e S&ra$&s T$#es+(o#+he e s rom The Straits Time.com reveals about /inga0ore urges Indonesia to take

immediate measure over orsening ha2e D/1E! P. Lee says /inga0ore urging Indonesia to take action


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to reduce ha2e D/$E! and /inga0ore urges Indonesia to act against errant irms D/*E +he main rame

dis0layed in /1 is about the Indonesian is slo in overcoming the ha2e so that /inga0ore urges

Indonesia to tackle the issue +he /inga0orean stated that the ha2e that s0read to their yard have

disru0ted them +he cause o ha2e is clearly stated made by Indonesian /inga0oreans; argue!

Indonesia seems act to slo in this 0roblem 7o ever! /inga0ore government is ready to hel0 i

Indonesia asking or it 3ecommendation dis0layed in this ne s! mentions that Indonesia received a

0ro0osal rom /inga0ore to overcome the ha2eIn the ne s /$! /inga0ore urged once more Indonesia goverment to act immediately! this

0ressure came rom the Prime .inister o /inga0ore to solving the ha2e 0roblem +he urgent reCuest

rom o the Prime .inister o /inga0ore sho s the ha2e 0roblem has really been threatening the

health o the citi2ens o /inga0ore It is clearly says that the cause o ha2e is Indonesians! hile

/inga0ore citi2ens have become victims o the orest ires that occurred in Indonesia /inga0ore

government has sho n good intentions to hel0 Indonesia to solve the ha2e issues +he solution o ered

in this ne s is that given /inga0ore can hel0 s0eed u0 the settlement o ha2e /o the Indonesian

0arties are advised to acce0t the o er o /inga0ore e s o /* con irms /inga0ore government has arned Indonesian to do strict action against

com0anies that have made ires that cause ha2e /inga0ore clearly noted that the ire as not caused

by natural actors but due to the human actor In short! the com0anies ho caused the ires need to be

given a 0unishment /inga0ore seems very serious dealing in this ha2e issues urther! /inga0ore

advised concrete ste0s to overcome ha2e namely Joint coo0eration /inga0ore - Indonesian! the need

or conducting meeting among ministers! the need or outages! arti icial rain and la en orcement or orest burning in Indonesia

Ta e* 4: R$!%.asa! Pe# $!%.a$a! /er$&a T)e S&ra$&s T$#es+(o#

No News Head*$!e E*e#e!&s

Pro *e#Ide!&$"$(a&$o!

Ca'sa*I!&er0re&a&$o!

Mora* E1a*'a&$o! Treae!&Re(o##e!da&$o!+

1 /inga0ore urges

Indonesia totake immediate

+he ha2e rom

Indonesia hasdisturb

Indonesians are

the cause o theha2e and the

Indonesian

government could notovercome the ha2e

+here should be a

serious treatmentrom Indonesian


8/10

measure overorsening ha2e

D1& JuneE

/inga0orean 0eo0le

/inga0ore 0eo0le areharmed 0eo0le

and the /inga0oregovernment o eredhel0 or that

government and/inga0oregovernment asready to hel0Indonesia

$ P. Lee says/inga0oreurgingIndonesia totake action toreduce ha2e D1%JuneE

+he ha2e romIndonesia hasdisserved/inga0orean

0eo0le

+he ha2e iscaused byIndonesian

+he Indonesiangovernment as sloin overcoming theha2e and /inga0oregovernment sho edits kindness througho ering a hel0 toIndonesia

/inga0oregovernment isready to hel0Indonesia inresolving the ha2e

* /inga0ore urgesIndonesiato actagainsterrant

irmsD$' JuneE

+he orest iresere not because

o nature actor but because ohuman actions

+he Indonesian 0eo0le are the

cause o theorest ire not

/inga0ore 0eo0le

+he Indonesiangovernment as slo

in overcoming theha2e and /inga0oregovernment asready to hel0Indonesia

/inga0oregovernment is

ready to cor0orate!to hold a meetingamong ministers!in order toovercome the

orest ire and tomake arti icial rainand also a laen orcement byIndonesian side

Co!(*'s$o!ased on analysis o the ne s raming in media rom Indonesia! .alaysia and /inga0ore the

inding reveals that media rom these three countries ramed the ha2e issue in di erent inter0retations

8onseCuently! this led to a di erent raming o reality +he main rame hich as dis0layed in

Indonesian media as the ha2e 0roblems caused more by natural actors rather than human actors!

the involves o .alaysia and /inga0ore 0alm com0any in the ire! and the needs to a0ologi2e to

.alaysia and /inga0ore 6hile the .alaysian media ramed the issue o ha2e by5 sho ing rejection

on statement accused .alaysian 0alm com0anies has made ires! and accused the ires caused by local

0eo0le themselves! and the im0ortance o joint coo0eration among countries /0eci ically this means

.alaysia hel0s Indonesia to overcome ha2e issues urthermore! the /inga0ore media ramed in this

issues the needs o joint coo0eration bet een /inga0ore-Indonesia to overcome the ha2e! cause o the

ire! and /inga0ore o ers a concrete solutions to solve the ha2e evertheless in term o causation as0ect! Indonesian media claimed that ha2e caused by

natural actors and oreign com0anies 6hile the .alaysian media e,0licitly states that orest ires

conducted by the Indonesian .ean hile! /inga0ore media obviously states that the cause o the

orest ire is local 0eo0le and not because o natural actors +his data sho s e orts o the media in


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de ending their o n nation so that makes the di erences in raming the causes o orest ires in

Indonesia3elated to the as0ect o moral evaluation! Indonesian media stated Indonesian government

has tried to overcome the ha2e but seems there is no strict action against oreign com0anies hich

sus0ect involves in orest ire +he a0ology o Indonesia;s President to .alaysia and /inga0ore isconsidered as a correct action by the Indonesian government .alaysian media con irms that

.alaysian com0anies have done the right thing in a orest clearing and the .alaysia has sho n

kindness by o ering hel0 to overcome the ha2e /inga0ore media also sho ed good intentions by

o ering hel0 due to their assum0tion that Indonesia as slo in dealing ith ha2e issues3elated to the as0ects o the treatment recommendation or the ha2e! the selected online

media in the three countries e,0ressed the need or joint coo0eration among these three countries!

.alaysia and /inga0ore are illing to 0rovide direct assistance in overcoming ha2e 7o ever! the

Indonesian not ready yet to acce0t the o er media in Indonesian 0re er la en orcement incombating sus0ected oreign com0any

Indonesia! .alaysia and /inga0ore .edia have done the raming on the ha2e issues that hit

these three countries 4ach o this media tend to de end the interests o its o n It also sho s that each

o the media attem0t to sho a 0ositive image o their country! and blame other country ?et! the

media in the three countries agreed to recommend the need or joint coo0eration among countries to

overcome the ha2e

Re"ere!(es

4ntman! 3obert . 1((1 &ramin US Covera e of )nternastional #e$s! Contrast in #arrative of the K*% and )ran *ir )ncident Journal o 8ommunication! ol B1 o B

4ntman! 3obert . 1((* &ree in Out the ,ublic! /lite and Media &ramin of the US *nti #uclear Movement Political 8ommunication! ol 1'! o 1

4ntman! 3obert . 1((* &ramin ! To$ard Clarification of a &ractured ,aradi mJournal o 8ommunication! ol B*! o B

4riyanto $'1$ *nalisis &ramin ! Konstru"si )deolo i( dan ,oliti" Media ?ogyakarta:Lki/

>itlin! +odd 1(%' The Whole World is Wachin ! Mass Media in the Ma"in andUnma"in of the #e$ %eft 8ali ornia: University o 8ali ornia Press

.cFuail! Genis $''' McQuails Mass Communication Theory London: /4Publication Ltd


10/10

Pan! hongdang dan >erald . Kosicki 1((* &ramin *nalysis! *n *pproach to #e$s -iscourse Political 8ommunication ol 1' o 1

.o#0as (o# '&'sa! com my

s&ra$&s&$#escom
http://www.kompas.com/http://www.kompas.com/http://www.kompas.com/http://www.kompas.com/http://www.utusan.com.my/http://www.utusan.com.my/http://www.utusan.com.my/http://www.utusan.com.my/http://www.straitstimes.com/http://www.straitstimes.com/http://www.straitstimes.com/http://www.kompas.com/http://www.utusan.com.my/http://www.straitstimes.com/

Documents

Haze problems Indonesia-malaysia-singapore