HAZ Analysis and RM

8/12/2019 HAZ Analysis and RM

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Modern Approaches to Hazard

Analysis & Risk Management


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A Risk-based Approach

to Process Risk Management


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Objectives

Discuss emerging trends in safety, health,

and environment.

Discuss why a more formal risk

management process is required to manage

these issues.

Discuss how hazard analysis and risk

assessment fits into this approach.


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Emerging Trends

1-Health, safety, and environment are moreof concern to the public than ever before

Newspaper coverage can be an indicator ofissues

More coverage than ever and increasing

This is shaping public opinion and is settinghigher standards of care

It is an indicator of the new awareness of safety


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Emerging Trends

2-The public and workers are less tolerant of risk.

Past practices may be unacceptable today.

The public expects minimal risk or even demands zerorisk.

You must be an even more responsible owner/operator.

You have to both be actually more responsible and

appear to be more responsible to survive.


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Emerging Trends

3-Liabilities are increasing:

Higher potential for legal action.

Higher jury awards for punitive damages.

Measured against higher standard of care.


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Needed:

Better management of risk

Better awareness of hazards

Reduce risk to acceptable levels considering

all stakeholders

Who are the stakeholders?

What is acceptable?

How is it measured?


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Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment

Foundation of risk management

How can you manage risks that are either not

known or not well understood?

Provides an assessment of acceptability

Provides an assessment of alternatives


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Traditional Measures of Acceptability

Regulations

Industry practice

Company practice

Engineering judgement


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Modern Measures of Acceptability

Regulations

Industry practice

Company practice

Engineering judgement

Risk-based decision making based onsystematic methods and risk criteria


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Risks Need to Be Managed

Risks Safeguards


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Definitions

Hazard:

Physical or chemical characteristic of a

material, system, process, or plant that has the

potential for causing harm

Consequences could include impact to workers,

the public, property, or the environment


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Hazard Analysis DefinitionA hazard analysis (HA) is a comprehensive studythat.

Identifies, and,

Analyzes.

The hazards of a process.


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Risk Assessment Process Flow

Diagram

System

Description

Accident

Severity

Estimation

ModifySystem

Accident

Likelihood

Estimation

Risk

Determination

Operate

System

Risk

Acceptance

Hazard

Identification


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Benefits of Hazard Analysis

More complete awareness of hazards

Provides a structured and systematic

examination of the hazards of a processAttempts to recognize all hazards

Employee participation

Gathers real input from the employeesConcerns are discussed and documented

Team is more informed about hazards


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One Indicator of a Division

Between Employees and Management


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Benefits of Hazard Analysis

Assists management in risk decisions

Basis to assess if risks are acceptable

Can be used to develop the most effective

strategy to reduce or eliminate risks

Provides a means to compare risks of different

designs or operationsWorst first


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Benefits of HA (Contd)

Ultimate outcomes

Improved safety performance resulting in less

risk to the public, employees, property and theenvironment

Assists with regulatory compliance

Minimizes business interruptionImproves relations with the public and

employees


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Solution -

Risk Management Program A systematic approach to managing risk

Comprehensive program (environment,

health, and safety)

A risk-based culture in the organization

Training for managers and employees

Protocols to follow

Criteria to follow


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Alignment of EHS and Other

Business Processes Senior management needs to come to

understand the strategic significance of EHS

processes as a critical business element

There has to be a closer alignment of EHS

with other business processes


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Definitions (Contd)

Hazard scenario

Specific unplanned sequence of events that has

an undesirable consequence Initiating event- first event of the sequence

Intermediate events- responses of the system and

operators or other conditions leading to the accident

Final event- consider reasonable scenarios

cascading to the worst credible outcome


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Sequence of a Hazard Scenario

Initiating

Event

Intermediate

Events

Final

Event

Dependent Events

Operator

Overfills

Tank

Level

IncreasesInjury from

Release

Release

From

Tank

High LevelAlarm

Fails

OperatorFails to

Control

Personnelin the

Area


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Definitions (Contd)

Severity

the impact of the accident in terms of the

effects on people, property, or the environment

Likelihood

how often an accident happens

either probability or frequency


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Definitions (Contd)

Risk

A measure of potential human injury, economic

loss or environmental impact in terms of itsseverity and likelihood

Risk (R) = severity (S) x likelihood (L)


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Techniques Commonly Used in

Hazard EvaluationCommonly used techs.:

Hazard & operability

study (HAZOP) Checklist analysis

What-if

What-if /checklist

Failure modes &effects analysis(FMEA)

Other techniques:

Event tree analysis

Fault tree analysis Human reliability

analysis

Cause-consequence

Preliminary hazard

analysis


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Causes of Accidents

Mechanical failures of

equipment

External events Human error in design,

operation, maintenance,

construction management

Wear, fatigue,

corrosion,

Weather, utility loss Slips, aberrations,

intentional acts


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Slide 28

Human Error

Majority of incidents

Least analyzed and understood

Greatest impact can be made by focusing on

this area


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Causes of Human Error

10% caused by

individual faults

(90%) caused by

external influences


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Value Out of Risk Assessment?

Conducting an effective hazard analysis and

risk assessment can seem to a be a daunting

task. But a planned and systematic approach to

hazard analysis can turn this chore into an

effective, proactive accident reduction tool.


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To Err Is Human...

The operator openedthe wrong valvecausing an overfill of ahydrocarbon tank anda resulting fire(unintentional error in

operation)

Ineffective training

Insufficient staffing Poor human-machine

interfaces (location of

tank to location of

control valve poor)


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New US EPA Risk Management

Program Regulatory Overview Mandated by the federal government in

1990 (clean air act amendments of 1990,

section 112r) Effective June 20, 1996 (40 CFR part 68)

Compliance date - June 21, 1999

Slide 31


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Risk Management Program Overview

(Contd)

Goal -

To require plans and procedures toprevent and respond to accidental

releases

To require a worst case assessment of thehazard

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Risk Management Program

Requirements (Contd) Hazard assessment

Worst-case release scenario analysis

Alternate release scenario analysis

Five-year accident history

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Requirements (Contd) Prevention programs

Process safety

information (PSI)

Process hazard analysis

(PHA)

Operating procedures

Training

Mechanical integrity

Management of change

Pre-startup safety

review

Compliance audits

Incident investigation

Employee

participation

Hot work permit

Contractors

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Requirements (Contd) Emergency response program

Written emergency response plan

Procedures for use and maintenance ofemergency response equipment

Training for employees in relevant procedures

Procedure to review and update the planPlan must be coordinated with the community

emergency response plan

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Requirements (Contd) Management system

System to oversee the implementation of the

risk management program elements

A qualified person or position with overall

responsibility for the program elements

Define lines of authority assigned to implement

specific program elements

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Why a New Effort For Chemical

Safety?

Industrial accidents continue to happen

Numerous impacts and costs

The public is less tolerant of risk

The US government has intervened

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EPAs Premise

The public has a right and need for knowledge:

Chemical hazards they are exposed to

Programs in place to prevent releases

Emergency plans and procedures

The public needs to have:Open and honest information from industry

Reasonable levels of risk

Industry has a need to have:

The public informed of these hazards

A cooperative effort of emergency planning

Trust of the community

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Bhopal, India, Disaster

December 2, 1984, over 40 tons of METHYLE

ISO CYNATE HYDROGEN CYNIDE andother gases leaked from a pesticide factory inBhopal owned by union carbide corporation.

Over 500,000 public citizens were exposed. At least six thousand people died within the

first week of the disaster.

The current death toll is well over 16,000 and

is rising. Hundreds of thousands of survivors continue to

suffer from multi-systemic injuries.

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Examples of Regulated Entities

Chemical manufacturers

Basic chemical manufacturing,

Petrochemicals,Resins,

Agricultural chemicals,

Pharmaceuticals,

Paints,

Cleaning compounds

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Petroleum

Refineries

Gas plants

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Other manufacturing

Paper

Electronics

Semiconductors

Fabricated metals

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Industrial machinery

Food processing

Agricultural retailers Public sources

Drinking water

Wastewater treatment systems Utilities

Electric and gas utilities

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OtherPropane retailers and users,

Cold storage,

WarehousingWholesalers

Federal sources

Military

Energy installations

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Accidental Release Prevention

Requirements

Risk management

program

Registration

Hazard assessment

Prevention program

Emergency response

program

Management system

Risk management plan(RMP)

Describes riskmanagement program

Includes executivesummary

Condensed into data

elements for submittal

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Slide 47

You are here

How The Community Sees Their Worst Case Scenario

H Th C i S All W C S i


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Its everywhere!!

How The Community Sees All Worst Case Scenarios


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Conclusions

Risk management is required in todaysbusiness environment.

Failure to do this is hazardous to your

companys health.

Hazard analysis and risk assessment are thefoundation of a risk management program.

It is highly effective in reducing actualincidents.

Documents

HAZ Analysis and RM