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Essential Question:Essential Question:
What are the difficulties and risks of making new discoveries and proposing revolutionary ideas?
Nicholas Nicholas CopernicusCopernicus
Polish 1473-1543 Founder of modern
astronomy Celestial observations No instrument
Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei 1564-1641 Italy In 1609 he uses the
telescope for astronomical purposes
Galileo’s ImpactGalileo’s Impact
Application of mathematics to the study of motion Focus not on why but how Observation & measurement: time, distance,
acceleration Uncovered the fundamental relationship between
distance and time
““Philosophy is written in this grand book Philosophy is written in this grand book the universe, but one cannot understand the universe, but one cannot understand unless one first learns to comprehend the unless one first learns to comprehend the
language (mathematics).”language (mathematics).”
Law 2: Speed of PlanetsLaw 2: Speed of Planets
It takes a planet the same amount of time to go from A to B as it does from C to D = the closer they are to the sun the faster planets move.
The square of any planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of its mean distance from the sun
Law 3: PLaw 3: P22 = A = A33