Sonata Allegro Form

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OitPLIowJ70

Pre task

• What period was this piece written in?• Can you guess the composer?

• Describe the mood of the piece

• Does the mood change? If yes, how?

• What kind of work is this? Genre

• List the instruments you see and hear

Listen to the main theme

– Identify the following elements

– Tonality• Major or minor– Meter

• 2/4 3/4 4/4– Tempo

Texture– Monophonic polyphonic homophonic

First Theme

The Structure of the music (Form)

•

Section A• Intro

(optional)

• 1st themeTonic • 2nd themeDifferent key

Sonata Form

•

Section A Section B• Intro

(optional)

• 1st themeTonic • 2nd themeDifferent key

• Development of theme 1 and 2

• Rhythm• Melody• Harmony• Texture

Sonata Form

•

Section A Section B Section A• Intro

(optional)

• 1st themeTonic • 2nd themeDifferent key

• Development of theme 1 and 2

• Rhythm• Melody• Harmony• Texture

• Return of theme 1 and 2

• 1st theme • Tonic• 2nd theme • Tonic

Sonata Form

•

Exposition B A• Intro

(optional)

• 1st themeTonic • 2nd themeDifferent key

• Development of theme 1 and 2

• Rhythm• Melody• Harmony• Texture

• Return of theme 1 and 2

• 1st theme • Tonic• 2nd theme • Tonic

Sonata Form

•

Exposition Development A• Intro

(optional)

• 1st themeTonic • 2nd themeDifferent key

• Development of theme 1 and 2

• Rhythm• Melody• Harmony• Texture

• Return of theme 1 and 2

• 1st theme • Tonic• 2nd theme • Tonic

Sonata Form

•

Exposition Development Recapitulation• Intro

(optional)

• 1st themeTonic • 2nd themeDifferent key

• Development of theme 1 and 2

• Rhythm• Melody• Harmony• Texture

• Return of theme 1 and 2

• 1st theme • Tonic• 2nd theme • Tonic

Importance of the Sonata Form

• Provided the “frame work” for Instrumental compositions of 18th, 19th and 20th century.\

• 300-400 years

Musical genres that used the Sonata Form

• Piano trios, String quartets, and other chamber works

• Concertos (solo instrument with orchestra)• Symphonies (work for the orchestra)• Instrumental sonatas and sonatines (single

instrument or solo instrument plus pianist)

Masters of the Sonata Form

Joseph Hadyn

• Father of string quartets and symphonies, wrote more than 100 symphonies and 68 string quartets,

• one of the string quartets became the national anthem of Germany.

• He was also instrumental in developing the chamber music (piano trios etc)

Emperor Quartet

• 2nd movement ( uses the Variation form)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBmCcSz6HWw

German National Anthem• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_t1-k6zt

Ug

W.A. Mozart

• child prodigy composed more than 600 works

• Wrote 41 symphonies• Chamber music• Eine Kleine Nachtmusik• Numerous instrumental sonatas and concertos

for most of the orchestral instruments,

Ludwig van Beethoven

• Student of Haydn, • brilliant improviser, • pushed the boundary of the piano

technique, • brought feeling and emotion into

music. (bridge between classical and romantic period)

Beethoven used the standard classical Sonata structure in earlier works, but created ground breaking compositions within the given framework.

32 piano sonatas10 Symphonies (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 are the most famous, odd numbers, 1 violin concerto5 piano concertos5 violin sonatas