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8/13/2019 hawk eye technology in depth
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New Technology used in sports
BYJEES JOSE
47R7A
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IS
UMPIRE
DECISION ENOUGH???
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Contents INTRODUCTION
ABILITIES
PRINCIPLE TECHNOLOGY USED
STEPS FOLLOWED
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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Introduction Hawk-Eyeis a computer system used
in cricket, tennis, snookers and other sports to visuallytrack the path of the ball and display a record of itsmost statistically likely path as a moving image
Hawk-Eye as the most innovative technology provider
in sports broadcasting and is a development that willreinforce the group's presence and influence.
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The hawk eye technology was invented by Dr Paul
Hawkins who used to be a cricketer and played forcountry side Buckinghamshire.
He has a PHD in Artificial Intelligence.
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It is primarily used by themajority of televisionnetworks to track thetrajectory of balls in flight.
It was developed byengineers at Roke ManorResearch Limited of UK
A patent was submittedby Dr Paul Hawkins andDavid Sherry.
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Abilities
Hawk-eyecan track anytype of bounce, spin,swing and seammovement of the ball.
Give a prediction asaccurate as 99.99 percent
Hawk-Eye was used forreferring decisions to thethird umpire in LBW.
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Principle of Hawk-Eye
A Hawk-Eye system is basedon the principleof Triangulation
Triangulationis the processof determining the locationof a point by
measuring anglesto it fromknown points at either endof a fixed baseline
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d
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l
d
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Technology
Hawk-Eye takes 2 inputs
1. Video provided by 6different cameras placed at6 different places.
2. The speed of the ball.
The system rapidly processes
the video feeds by a highspeed video processor.
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Hawk Eye incorporates both image analysis and radartechnology.
The six fixed JAI monochrome cameras, with a 120MHz frame rate, are placed around the playing field
They track the balls entire trajectory, right from thepoint where it is released from the bowlers hand tothe point the ball is considered dead.
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Features of Hawk-Eye
technology
The Hawk-Eye system consist of 2 significant parts.a) Tracking System
b) Video Replay System
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Tracking systemThere are 6 high speed vision processing cameras that track the ball
from the bowlers hand to batsman. The system will automatically
calculate the following step:
1. The speed of the ball leaving the bowlers hand.
2. The reaction time for the batsman.
3. The swing of the ball from the bowlers hand to where the ball
pitched.
4. Where the ball was bowled from.5. How much the ball bounced
6. How much the ball deviated sideways off the wicket(i.e. seam or
spin).
7. A prediction of where the ball would have passed the stump.
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Video replay system though the tracking data
provides the coaches and
players with the information
for how they have performed.
The hawk-eye cricket Systemcan incorporate more video
replay camera for better
analysis from different camera
angles, which can becontrolled remotely. The
video is captured and stored
digitally in hard disk.
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Processor follows 4 Steps
(a) identify each frame from eachcamera, and groups thecorresponding pixels to the
image of the ball
(b) compute for each frame the3D position of an image thus
identified using ball imagedata from at least twodifferent cameras
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(c)predict a ball f light-pathfrom the said 3D ballposition as computed insuccessive frames
(d) map the predicted pathon the modeled area soas to identify anyinteraction with one ormore of the saidcharacteristic features
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The images captured are then processed by softwareto produce a 3-D image.
This is updated 100 times every second.
The system is able to locate the ball in 3-D and canpredict the motion with a claimed accuracy of 5 mm
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The system generates agraphic image of the ballpath and playing area byusing which umpires takedecisions.
The same can be providedto the television viewersand coaching staff.
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ApplicationsIts applications are mainly in sports
Cricket
Tennis
Snookers and
In some games
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Cricket
Used in the third umpire decision(Referral system)
At the end of an over, all six deliveries are shownsimultaneously to show a bowler's variations such asbounce, speed variations and ball deviation.
To view the deviation of the ball from actual track.
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BOWLERS
See how fast they can bowlWatch each delivery back in
virtual reality
Measure how far they are
turning the ball throughspin, seam or swing.
BATSMEN
Analyse their play againstspin, seam or swing.
Improve awareness of theirfootwork and positioning
against different bowling.
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Tennis In tennis Hawk-Eye generates the impact of the ball
whether the ball is IN or OUT
Costs around $20,000-$25,000 per court for one week
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10 high-speed cameras at different angles andpositions around the court
Creates a 3D trajectory of the path of the ball
Uses the 3D trajectory to determine the exact touch
area the ball made with the court when it bounced
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Football Hawk Eye install 7 cameras per goal, the most common
location is on the roof of the stadium, however there isa great deal of flexibility in the camera positions.
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The images from each of the cameras areprocessed to find the ball within the image and
also identify areas which are definitely not theball.
The system is able to find the ball if only a smallpart of the ball is visible in the image.
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GOAL ALERT
As soon as the system detectsthat the ball has crossed the goalline, it instantaneously sends asignal to the official watch.
The watch has been developedexclusively for Hawk-Eye byindustry leaders Adeunis.
It is technically possible to also
provide a near-miss signal to thewatches so the referee alsoreceives a positive confirmationthat the ball did not cross the
line.
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Snookers This technology is useful in cases where the cue ball
touches the specified ball first or any other ball.
Some games such as EA Cricket 2011also support thistechnology.
Games
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STRENGTHENING MILITAY POWER It is used to receive enemy location from far waydistance without coming to their notice.
E- 2C aircraft used by US army uses this technology.
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AUTOMOBILE FIELD Hunter engineering company
introduced Hawkeye to offershops the multiple benefits ofprecision, high speedalignment and greaterproductivity.
Hawkeye alignment system
significantly reduces servicetime by providing alignmentin less than two minutes.
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AdvantagesACCURACY
BENEFICIAL
REDUCES HUMAN EFFORTS
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Disadvantages
VERY EXPENSIVE
CHALLENGES UMPIRES DECISIONS
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Conclusion This technology has met the high reality and accuracy
features.
Hawk-Eye is currently developing a systemforFootball
This technology helps to have correct decisions in anykind of game.
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References:- GOOGLE.COM
YAHOO.COM
MSN.COM SCRIBD.COM
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Thank you