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Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism
Sarah Shapiro
Background: Plate Tectonics
Hot Spots of the World
Hot Spot Track
Pacific Hot Spot Tracks
Hawaii: What a load…
Lithospheric Flexure
Watts and Zhong, 2000
Seismicity of Hawaii (1990-2001)
Volcanic Earthquakes
USGS: Volcanic earthquakes
“Tornillos”
Swarms(new fractures are forming)
Volcanic Tremor – low freq. vibrations (due to moving magma)
Magma Plumbing from Microearthquakes
Ryan et al., 1981
Surface Geology
So why am I talking about all of this?
My Research: GPR
Equipment
We used a Sensors and Software Pulse Ekko 100, which was equipped with 50, 100, and 200 MHz antennae
Targets included: beach sands nearshore lava flows well-developed soil covers lava tubes major fault zones
GPR Basics: Acquisition
GPR surveys on the Big Island of Hawaii, in conjunction with SES Semester in Hawaii program
Reflection Mode
Common Mid Point
GPR Basics: Penetration
Increasing Penetration
Increasing Conductivity
Why does this matter?
The Hilana Fault Issue
Cannon and Burgmann, 2001
Models of Hilina Fault Geometry
Cannon et al., 2001
Morgan et al, 2000
Models of Hilina Fault Geometry
Tsunami Potential
GPS Measured Motion
Courtesy J. Kauahekaua
Pali Uli
Groundwater
3D Lava Stratigraphy
Lava Tubes
Known lava tubes
GPR surveys above known
lava tubes
Sampling lava flows
I cant complain!
In conclusion....