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Harvesting from Wind Energy Minoru Taya University of Washington January , 2016

Harvesting from Wind Energy

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Page 1: Harvesting from Wind Energy

Harvesting from Wind EnergyMinoru Taya

University of Washington

January , 2016

Page 2: Harvesting from Wind Energy

"Wind power isn't the silver bullet that will solve all our energy challenges—there isn't one. But it is a key part of a comprehensive strategy to move us from an economy that runs on fossil fuels to one that relies on more homegrown fuels and clean energy."

President Barack Obama, April 2010

Under conservative assumptions about transmission, fossil fuel supply, and supply chain availability, the United States could feasibly build 54 GW of offshore wind power by 2030.

20% Wind Energy by 2030, U.S. Department of Energy, July 2008

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Wind energy Sustainable clean energy

Northern European countries are using wind energy extensively, first in land now into sea to havest even higher wind energy. Pacific northwest and Hawaii and mid-west have stronger wind area , ideal for wind energy harvesting sites. 24 hours/day based energy availability unlike solar cells which is only 8 hours/day

Technical challenges are:

Maintenance cost is higher for longer time

Processing of longer span turbine blades of up to 150 m diameter and its transportation to the final site

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Economics of wind energy, EWEA, Soren Kohn ed, 2007

More and more larger sized wind energy system is deployed in sea, where stronger wind velocity is available for longer time without disturbing human activities, example North Sea and Scandinavian Coastal Sea Water.

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Figure 3. Status of offshore wind energy technology

Figure 2. United States offshore wind resource by region and depth for annual average wind speed sites above 7.0 m/s.

Figure 1. Nameplate generating capacity of offshore wind projects (1991–2010)

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Figure 4 Average wind speed for last 54 years through2002

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Wind energy explained (Manwell et al, 2002)

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Structural health monitoring wind turbine blades

Rumsey and Paquette, 2010

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Wind energy explained (Rumsey and Paquette, 2010)

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Rumsey and Paquette, 2010

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Rumsey and Paquette, 2010

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Rumsey and Paquette, 2010

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3-point bending of composite plates clamped by Fe-SMA joint

• No bonding between surfaces of polymeric composite plates and Fe-SMA pin-washer

• 0.2 of friction coefficient is applied between contact surfaces

• Quarter model (green portion) is used for FEA

Full model

130mm

5.7mm

5.7mmComposite plates

Composite plates

Fe-SMA

Quarter modelExternal loading (3.3KN)

Width of plate in quarter model is 22.75mm

Z

XY

Vertical gap

Horizontal gap

40mm

Key parameters: Horizontal gap = 0.02mm Vertical gap = 0mm Pin diameter = 5.98mm

head

washer

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42

Three point bending testSample: Fe-15.84Mn-6.24Si-11.16Cr

Results

After the testing

Back side

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Length: 75m (2 sections: 25m + 50m)

Height: from 4m (blade hub) to 0.325m (blade tip)

Width: 1.2m

Spar cap thickness: 0.1m

Shear web thickness: 0.086m

FEA model of spar cap and shear web

Side view

100mm

15

140mm

80

15

Spar cap

Shear web

Fe-SMA joint

10

Spar cap

0.6m0.1m

0.6m

K. Coxa, A. Echtermeyerb, “Structural design and analysis of a 10MW wind

turbine blade”, Energy Procedia 24 ( 2012 ) 194 – 201

Loading along the spar cap

Half model

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Clamping of Fe-SMA joint on composite plates

• Same size of joint

• Horizontal gap: 0.5mm

• Vertical gap: 0mm

• Composite: same as Spar cap

(E-LT-5500/EP-3)

XX

ZZ

Pa

top

composite

plate

bottom

composite

plate

Z

X

Y

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Str

es

s (

MP

a)

ZZ

XX

Along pin in Z direction

Stresses in the composite near pin (red line)

Top plate bottom plate

Pa

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Predicted results around the joint due to the loading

7mm gap

meter

Displacement in Z

XX in joints

• The structure tip exhibits 4.5m displacement in Z

• 7mm gap is found in the joint section

• Max. XX in the pin is about +600MPa

• Max. XX in the clear hole is about +375MPa

• Max. shear stress in the pin on the shear web is about 100MPa

• More joints are needed in the spar cap to reduce the gap

between jointed sections and stresses due to wind loading on the

turbine blade.

Z

X

Y

XX in clear holes in the top spar cap

ZX

Y

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Wind energy based on lens-turbine system by Prof. Ohya of Kyushu University• Use of lens-wind energy design is desired for the area where less

wind velocities are available. Circular case which surrounds wind turbine blades, will enhance the wind velocity inside the circular case.

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Tension(KgW)

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Boinspired design of wind turbine blades for windy areas

Non-flat surface of a dragon fly gives us a good design of wind turbine blades which can be effectively used for those areas of less strong winds.