1. Great Voyages of Discoveryfile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/220px-Compass_thumbnail.jpg file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/220px-Compass_thumbnail.jpg file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/220px-Compass_thumbnail.jpg Meriel Hartling CSE 684 Sailors navigational compass (National Library of Canada)

2. A spirit of adventure swept acrossEurope in the 1400s.file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/220px-Christopher_Columbus_on_Santa_Maria_in_1492..jpgfile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/220px-Christopher_Columbus_on_Santa_Maria_in_1492..jpg Explorers like Columbusfile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/220px-Christopher_Columbus_on_Santa_Maria_in_1492..jpg and Magellan set to find new sea-routes, lands and riches. What motivated these voyages? Columbus on Santa Maria by Emanuel Leutze 1855 How did they impact on both Europe and thepeoples of the new worlds they unveiled? 3. In this lesson, we will consider...Motivations behind voyagesMeans which made the journeys possibleSpanish and Portuguese explorations ofDa Gama, Columbus and MagellanSpanish conquest of the new worldCompetition between European powers 4. file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/spice_route.gif Motivation behind voyages file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/silkroad.gifTraditional Silk and Spice Routes to AisaItalian, Egyptian and Turkish control of traderoutes to Asia meant new direct sea-routes weredesired. The wish to spread Christianity alsoplayed a role. 5. UpdateMotivations behind voyagesMeans which made the journeys possibleSpanish and Portuguese explorations ofDa Gama, Columbus and MagellanSpanish conquest of the new worldCompetition between European powers 6. Means behind the voyages file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/220px-Persian_astrolabe.jpgfile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/DownloadedFile.jpegfile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/220px-Persian_astrolabe.jpg file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/images.jpegAstrolabe and compassNew technological developments such as the astrolabe (for measuring star positions), themagnetic compass and developments in ship building paved the way for ocean voyages. 7. UpdateMotivations behind voyagesMeans which made the journeys possibleSpanish and Portuguese explorations ofDa Gama, Columbus and MagellanSpanish conquest of the new worldCompetition between European powers 8. Portuguese and Spanish ExplorationsIn 1498 Vasco da Gama sailed around Africaand landed on the West Coast of India. Thus adirect sea route to Aisa was found.file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/220px-Vasco-da-gama-2.jpg file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/220px-Vasco-da-gama-2.jpg 9. In 1492, an Italian sailor, Christopher Columbussailed west. It was well known amongst seafarersthat the Earth was round and so Columbus hoped to find a direct route to Asia. Instead he landed in the what we now call the Bahamas. file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/columbuvoyage.jpeg 10. file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/magellan.jpeg file:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/images.jpeg In 1519, a Portuguese sailor named FerdinandMagellan accidentally discovered South America while trying to sail around Africa. He continuedWest and although was killed during the voyage,his crew became the first to circumnavigate (go all the way round) the globe. 11. UpdateMotivations behind voyagesMeans which made the journeys possibleSpanish and Portuguese explorations ofDa Gama, Columbus and MagellanSpanish conquest of the new worldCompetition between European powers 12. Conquest of the New Worldfile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/Inca.jpegIn the 1500s the Aztec empire in Mexico and the Inca empire in Peru were at their zenith. The Spanish saw theseas great sources ofgold and silver. With the added motivation of religious conversion they set out to conquer. The remains of the Inca city of Machu Pichu in Peru 13. Why did the Spanish conquests succeed?Guns: Gunpowder had not reached the Americas.Cavalry: The Americans had no horses and had no knowledge of riding an animal.Steel weapons: The American weapons (usually made of obsidian) were no match for Spanish steel.Germs: diseases like smallpox wiped out huge numbers of Americans who had no previous exposure to these European diseases. 14. UpdateMotivations behind voyagesMeans which made the journeys possibleSpanish and Portuguese explorations ofDa Gama, Columbus and MagellanSpanish conquest of the new worldCompetition between European powers 15. Competition for treasurefile:///home/pptfactory/temp/20120408183241/powerpointpictures/armada.jpeg England and France soonjoined the race to carve upthe new world. Competitiofor the wealth led Spain in1588 to send an enormoufleet (the armada) to attacEngland. But faster Englisships and better gunsdefeated the Spanish. The Spanish Armada (English School 1600) 16. UpdateMotivations behind voyagesMeans which made the journeys possibleSpanish and Portuguese explorations ofDa Gama, Columbus and MagellanSpanish conquest of the new worldCompetition between European powers 17. Conclusion: A new European Worldview.The voyages of discovery changed the wayEuropeans saw the world. They learned that theAmericas were a separate landmass from Asia. Many saw this as a source of great wealth and set up trade networks and began to establishcolonies. This would have wide rangingconsequences. 18. SummaryThe voyages were motivated by a need for new routes to Asia.They were made possible by new technology: compass,astrolabe, better ships.Da Gama discovered a new route to India by sailing aroundAfrica.Columbus discovered a route to the Caribbean islands unveilingthe continent of North America.Magellan discovered South America before his crew rounded the globe.Better technology and resistance to disease helped the Spanishconquer the new world.Greed for treasure led to competition between European powerslike Spain and England. 19. ReferencesText based on World History by Burskein and ShekAll graphics come from Wikipedia.